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2023年英语(一)完形填空真题解析

Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically 1 outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by local governments or 2 .

The word “caravanserai” is a 3 of the Persian words “kārvān”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and “sarāy”, a palace or enclosed building.The term caravan was used to 4 groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, 5 merchants, travellers or pilgrims.

From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the 6 of caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night.Travellers on the Silk Road 7 the possibility of being attacked by thieves or being 8 to extreme weather conditions.For this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed 9 they could be reached in a day's travel time.

Caravanserais served as an informal 10 point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. 11 , these structures became important centres for cultural 12 and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, 13 taking knowledge with them, greatly 14 the development of several civilisations.

Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and 15 in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. 16 , it was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares and 17 supplies for their own journeys.It is 18 that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, 19 only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in 20 .

1. [A] displayed [B] occupied [C] located [D] equipped

2. [A] privately [B] regularly [C] respectively [D] permanently

3. [A] definition [B] transition [C] substitution [D] combination

4. [A] classify [B] record [C] describe [D] connect

5. [A] apart from [B] instead of [C] such as [D] along with

6. [A] construction [B] restoration [C] impression [D] evaluation

7. [A] doubted [B] faced [C] accepted [D] reduced

8. [A] assigned [B] subjected [C] accustomed [D] opposed

9. [A] so that [B] even if [C] now that [D] in case

10. [A] talking [B] starting [C] breaking [D] meeting

11. [A] By the way [B] On occasion [C] In comparison [D] As a result

12. [A] heritage [B] revival [C] exchange [D] status

13. [A] with regard to [B] in spite of [C] as well as [D] in line with

14. [A] completing [B] influencing [C] resuming [D] pioneering

15. [A] aided [B] invested [C] failed [D] competed

16. [A] Rather [B] Indeed [C] Otherwise [D] However

17. [A] go in for [B] stand up for [C] close in on [D] stock up on

18. [A] believed [B] predicted [C] recalled [D] implied

19. [A] until [B] because [C] unless [D] although

20. [A] ruins [B] debt [C] fashion [D] series

一、文章概述

文章主线

2023年的完形填空文章是一篇很简单的介绍类说明文。本文所采用的是完形填空文章一贯的总分对照结构。文章首段是全文的主旨信息,文章首句直接给出了全文的主题“Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East.”,即全文主要是阐述“caravanserais”并且解释其定义:在丝绸之路沿途所建造的商队客栈。之后的内容围绕着“caravanserais(在丝绸之路沿途所建造的商队客栈)”这个主题展开,进一步介绍和说明这种商队客栈的作用和影响。

结构分析

二、答案详解

1. [A] displayed(陈列)[B] occupied(占领) [C] located(位于) [D] equipped(装备)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析。本动词用于被动语态,其主语是代词They,指代的是之前首句中的Caravanserais,而首句已经说明了Caravanserais是在丝绸之路沿途所建造的商队客栈。本动词之后的原文信息是介词短语outside the walls of a city or village,这明显是表达位置的信息,即Caravanserais(商队客栈)的位置,四个选项中只有选项[C] located(位于)是最合理表达此意思的选项,即“Caravanserais(商队客栈)通常位于城市或村庄的围墙之外”,因此本题答案为选项C。

2. [A] privately(私人地) [B] regularly(规律地)[C] respectively(分别地)[D] permanently(永久地)

解题思路: 本题考查副词辨析并可以运用对应成分分析法解题。本副词所处的句子的主语也是代词They,指代的也是首句中的Caravanserais(商队客栈)。之后的句子信息如下:

这里是指Caravanserais(商队客栈)的资金来源,即funded by(由谁出资)。本填空之前的连接词or提示了or的前后信息形成对应关系。or之前的原文信息local governments(地方政府)表明一部分将“由地方政府出资”,则or之后的成分应该是与政府对应的出资方,四个选项中很明显最佳选项是[A] privately(私人地),其他选项表达的意思均无法与governments(政府)形成对应,因此本题答案为选项A。

3. [A] definition(定义)[B] transition(转变)[C] substitution(替代) [D] combination(组合)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析。本名词处于一个of结构中,而整个of结构是句子的表语,其主语是The word “caravanserai”,即对The word “caravanserai”进行说明。of之后的原文信息是两个名词,即the Persian words “kārvān”...and “sarāy”,据此可以判定本题答案为选项[D] combination(组合),即caravanserai是kārvān和sarāy这两个名词的组合,而其他三个选项所表达的意思与本题无法构成符合题意的搭配,因此本题答案为选项D。

4. [A] classify(分类)[B] record(记录) [C] describe(描述) [D] connect(连接)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析。本动词的主语是The term caravan,宾语是groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons(出于安全原因在古代商路中结伴旅行的人群),同时本动词出现在一个不定式中,即was used to。综合这些线索可以判断出四个选项中只有选项[C] describe(描述)最为合理,即The term caravan是被用来描述groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons(出于安全原因在古代商路中结伴旅行的人群),其意思是这群人被称为caravan。其他三个选项所表达的意思与本题无法构成符合题意的搭配,因此本题答案为选项C。

5. [A] apart from(除了)[B] instead of(而不是) [C] such as(例如) [D] along with(随着)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可通过对比分析本填空前后的原文信息之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空之前的原文信息为groups of people(人群),本填空之后的原文信息为merchants, travellers or pilgrims(商人、旅行者或朝圣者)。很明显本填空前后的原文信息之间是举例关系,即merchants, travellers or pilgrims(商人、旅行者或朝圣者)就是groups of people(人群)的具体例子。由于四个选项中唯一表达举例关系的是选项[C] such as(例如),因此本题答案为选项C。

6. [A] construction(建造) [B] restoration(恢复)[C] impression(印象)[D] evaluation(评价)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析。本名词处于一个of结构中,即the 6 of caravanserais,而整个of结构是句子的主语,谓语是increased(增加)。再结合本句之前的句子,即本段的段首句From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed(从10世纪开始,随着商业和旅行路线的发展),这里出现了由as引导的从句as merchant and travel routes became more developed,明显是表达原因的状语从句,这样本名词所在的句子就是这个as引导的原因状语从句的结果,考生把握这个上下文逻辑关系就能判断出:既然“随着商业和旅行路线的发展”,结果肯定是construction of caravanserais,即“商队客栈的建造增加了”,四个选项中最合理的明显是选项[A] construction(建造),因此本题答案为选项A。

7. [A] doubted(怀疑) [B] faced(面临) [C] accepted(接受)[D] reduced(减少)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析。本动词是句子的谓语,主语是Travellers on the Silk Road(丝绸之路上的旅行者),宾语是the possibility of being attacked by thieves(被盗贼袭击的可能性)。考生再把握本句之前的原文信息they served as a safe place for people to rest at night,这里的代词they指代的是caravanserais(商队客栈),即“商队客栈是人们夜间休息的安全场所”。根据这里的关键线索词safe place可以推断出“旅行者在旅途中可能会面临不安全的问题”,据此四个选项中最合理的是选项[B] faced(面临),即Travellers on the Silk Road(丝绸之路上的旅行者)“面临”the possibility of being attacked by thieves(被盗贼袭击的可能性)。其他三个选项[A] doubted(怀疑)、[C] accepted(接受)和[D] reduced(减少)虽然在语法上可以与本句的主语和宾语构成搭配,但搭配意思完全不符合题意,因此本题答案为选项B。

8. [A] assigned(分配) [B] subjected(遭受) [C] accustomed(习惯于)[D] opposed(反对)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析。本动词处于一个分词短语中,即being 8 to,之后的宾语为extreme weather conditions(极端天气状况),本动词(分词短语)的主语也是句子的主语Travellers on the Silk Road(丝绸之路上的旅行者)。再把握本句的连接词or表示该分词短语与or之前的分词短语是并列逻辑关系,具体如下:

这就说明了本填空所在部分信息与之前的being attacked by thieves(被盗贼袭击)是对应的,也是一种不安全的情况。根据extreme weather conditions(极端天气条件),四个选择中最合理的选项是[B] subjected(遭受),即“遭受极端天气状况”与“被盗贼袭击”是同等不安全的情况,因此本题答案为选项B。

9. [A] so that(以至于) [B] even if(即使)[C] now that(既然)[D] in case(万一)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可通过对比分析本填空前后的句子之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空之前的句子信息是For this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed。For this reason指的是前文说明的“商队客栈是人们夜间休息的安全场所。丝绸之路上的旅行者面临着被盗贼袭击或遭受极端天气状况的可能性”,即“由于这个原因,商队客栈要战略性地布局”。本填空之后的句子信息是they could be reached in a day's travel time,这里代词they指代的是caravanserais(商队客栈),即“经过一天的旅行即可到达商队客栈”。本填空前后的句子之间是因果关系,即“经过一天的旅行即可到达商队客栈”是“商队客栈要战略性地布局”所导致的结果,四个选项中最能表达这个逻辑关系的只有选项[A] so that(以至于),因此本题答案为选项A。

10. [A] talking(说话的)[B] starting(开始的)[C] breaking(中断的) [D] meeting(聚会的)

解题思路: 本题考查形容词辨析并可以运用复现结构解题。本形容词修饰point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road。考生把握被修饰成分中出现的various people(各种各样的人),以及之后的原文句子中出现的线索these structures became important centres for cultural 12 and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs,即“Caravanserais(商队客栈)是旅行者分享他们的文化、思想和信仰的场所”。综合这些线索就很容易在本填空的四个选项中判断出答案为选项[D] meeting(聚会的),meeting point就是“聚会点、集合点”的意思,即“Caravanserais(商队客栈)是丝绸之路上不同人群的非正式聚会场所”,这个意思与本题题意最为相符。另外,这里的关键线索词interaction(互动)、sharing(分享)等本身与meeting(聚会的)也是明显的复现结构,考生根据interaction、sharing就可以得出本题答案为选项D。

11. [A] By the way(顺便说一下)[B] On occasion(偶尔)[C] In comparison(相比之下) [D] As a result(因此)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可通过对比分析本填空前后的句子之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空之前的句子信息为“Caravanserais(商队客栈)是丝绸之路上不同人群的非正式聚会场所”。本填空之后的句子主语是these structures,这里指代的就是Caravanserais(商队客栈),而本句的信息是“Caravanserais(商队客栈)成为文化交流和互动的重要中心,旅行者们分享他们的文化、思想和信仰并交流知识”。考生在四个选项中一一定位,很容易判断选项[D] As a result(因此)为本题答案,因为只有As a result表达的因果逻辑关系最符合本填空前后句子之间的关系,即“Caravanserais(商队客栈)成为文化交流和互动的重要中心”是“Caravanserais(商队客栈)是丝绸之路上不同人群的非正式聚会场所”所导致的结果,因此本题答案为选项D。

12. [A] heritage(遗产)[B] revival(复兴) [C] exchange(交流) [D] status(地位)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析并可以运用关联结构解题。本名词与后文interaction构成并列关系,并且受cultural限定,所以该名词一方面要在语意上与“互动”相似,还要与“文化的”构成搭配,因此本题答案为选项C。

13. [A] with regard to(关于)[B] in spite of(尽管) [C] as well as(也 ……) [D] in line with(符合)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可通过对比分析本填空前后的原文信息之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空之前的原文信息为sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs,本填空之后的原文信息为taking knowledge with them,很明显这两者之间是并列的逻辑关系,四个选项中只有选项[C] as well as(也……)能够表达并列逻辑关系,因此本题答案为选项C。

14. [A] completing(完成) [B] influencing(影响) [C] resuming(重新开始)[D] pioneering(倡导)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析。本动词以分词形式出现,其宾语是the development of several civilizations(几个文明的发展),整个分词短语作句子的状语,表示一种伴随或结果。本分词结构所在的句子信息是“这些建筑成为文化交流和互动的重要中心,旅行者们分享他们的文化、思想和信仰并交流知识”,据此在四个选项中判断出本题答案为选项[B] influencing(影响),因为这些信息恰恰说明了其结果一定是“极大地影响了几个文明的发展”,只有选项[B] influencing(影响)所表达的意思最符合本题题意,因此本题答案为选项B。

15. [A] aided(辅助) [B] invested(投资)[C] failed(失败)[D] competed(竞争)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析并可以运用同现结构解题。本动词与介词in构成搭配,其宾语是the trade of goods along the Silk Road(丝绸之路沿线的货物贸易)。同时本动词出现在一个由and连接的并列关系结构中,而and之前的句子信息为an important marketplace for commodities(一个重要的商品市场)。据此考生在四个选项中判断答案为选项[A] aided(辅助),只有aided(辅助)与宾语the trade of goods along the Silk Road(丝绸之路沿线的货物贸易)构成的动宾搭配才能与and之前的an important marketplace for commodities(一个重要的商品市场)构成倾向一致的并列关系。选项[C] failed(失败),其倾向性与and之前的an important marketplace for commodities(一个重要的商品市场)就是完全对立的,直接排除,因此本题答案为选项A。

16. [A] Rather(相反) [B] Indeed(的确) [C] Otherwise(否则)[D] However(但是)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可以通过对比分析本填空前后句子之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空之前的句子信息是“商队客栈也是一个重要的商品市场”,本填空之后的句子信息是“商队客栈往往是商人们指望出售自己的商品和为自己的旅程储备物资的第一站”。本填空前后句子之间很明显是递进关系,四个选项中只有选项[B] Indeed(的确)可以表达此递进关系,因此本题答案为选项B。

17. [A] go in for(参加)[B] stand up for(捍卫)[C] close in on(包围) [D] stock up on(储备)

解题思路: 本题考查动词短语辨析并可以运用对应成分分析法解题。本动词短语的宾语是supplies for their own journeys,同时本动词短语处于一个and连接的对应成分结构中,即本动词短语与and之前的sell their wares构成对应成分关系,而且都是位于looking to之后的不定式中,即都是looking to之后要做的两组对应性的动作,具体如下:

考生把握and之前的已知信息是sell their wares(出售他们的商品),再根据本动词短语的宾语线索supplies for their own journeys(他们旅途中的补给),自然就能推断出and之后的对应信息应该是“购买旅途中的补给”,四个选项中只有选项[D] stock up on(储备)能够表达购买的意思,因此本题答案为选项D。

18. [A] believed(相信) [B] predicted(预测)[C] recalled(回忆)[D] implied(暗示)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析。本动词用于被动语态,在句子中作谓语,句子的形式主语是代词it,而it指代的是后面that引导的主语从句that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road(丝绸之路沿线修建了大约1.2万至1.5万座商队客栈),这个由that引导的从句才是整个句子真正的主语。把握了这些线索就能判定四个选项中最合理的是选项[A] believed(相信),即it is believed that(据信……,人们认为……)。

19. [A] until(直到)[B] because(因为)[C] unless(除非) [D] although(尽管)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可通过对比分析本填空前后句子之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空之前的句子信息是“丝绸之路沿线修建了大约1.2万至1.5万座商队客栈”,本填空之后的句子信息是only about 3,000 are known to remain today(目前已知的仅存约3,000座)”,前后句子之间明显是转折让步的逻辑关系,四个选项中只有选项[D] although(尽管)可以表达转折让步的关系,因此本题答案为选项D。

20. [A] ruins(废墟) [B] debt(负债)[C] fashion(时尚)[D] series(系列)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析。本名词与介词in构成短语,而这个短语作句子的表语,句子的主语是many of which,这里的which指代的就是之前所说的“今天已知仅存的约3,000座商队客栈”。同时本句与前句之间是转折让步关系,前句说的是“据信,丝绸之路沿线修建了大约1.2万至1.5万座商队客栈”,本句则阐述“目前已知的仅存约3,000座”,说明了虽然在历史上商队客栈数量众多,但今天留存下来的却很少,按照这个逻辑推断四个选项中最合理的是选项[A] ruins(废墟),即“今天已知仅存的约3,000座商队客栈中的许多已经是废墟了”,只有这个意思最符合本题题意,因此本题答案为选项A。

三、参考译文

商队客栈是沿着丝绸之路在中国、北非和中东等地区建造的路边客栈。它们通常位于城市或村庄的围墙之外,多由地方政府或私人出资。

“caravanserai”一词是波斯语“kārvān”和“sarāy”的组合,“kārvān”的意思是一群旅行者或一支商队,“sarāy”是指宫殿或封闭式的建筑。carava一词曾经用于描述出于安全原因在古代商路中结伴旅行的人群,如商人、旅行者或朝圣者。

从10世纪开始,随着商业和旅行路线的发展,建造了更多的商队客栈,并成为人们夜间休息的安全场所。丝绸之路上的旅行者面临着被盗贼袭击或遭受极端天气状况的可能性。出于这个原因,商队客栈要战略性地布局,以便经过一天的旅行即可到达。

商队客栈是丝绸之路上不同人群的非正式聚会场所。因此,这些建筑成为文化交流和互动的重要中心,旅行者们分享他们的文化、思想和信仰并交流知识,极大地影响了几个文明的发展。

商队客栈也是一个重要的商品市场,有助于丝绸之路沿线的货物贸易。事实上,这往往是商人们指望出售自己的商品和为自己的旅程储备物资的第一站。据信,丝绸之路沿线修建了大约1.2万至1.5万座商队客栈,但目前已知的仅存约3,000座,其中许多已成为废墟。 UK+Da8Z2j+mRlyHnaEIks5414bGE+TKn+7/HwT4w/+TdpbI/WihEBDD9QSJ7umAf

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