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题目分析
命题透视
2013年考研英语（一）小作文再次考查了书信，属于写给外教的公务邀请信。值得注意的是，从2012年开始，考研命题组与时俱进，英语（一）、（二）小作文命题不再考查日常生活中已很少使用的letter，而是替换为大家熟悉的e-mail形式。其实二者没有本质区别，最新大纲仍将其统称为“私人或公务信函”，写法也大同小异。
人们在生活与工作中均会用到e-mail，但e-mail也分为私人与公务两种。私人邮件语气随意，可使用三至五次缩写、省略句或口语表达等非正式语言；公务邮件则较为正式，最好不要使用非正式语言。
考研写作要求采用缩进式：段间不空行，每段首行缩进四个字母。由于本文是写给外教的公务邀请信，属于正式文体，应采用“Dear Professor/Mr./Ms. ...”等较为正式的称呼，不宜直呼其名。首段可进行自我介绍，表明写作目的（邀请对方做即将举行的英文演讲比赛的评委）；次段应介绍具体细节，如比赛情况、邀请原因或是否承担食宿交通费用等；尾段可表示感谢并期待回信。落款应采用“Yours sincerely,”或“Yours truly,”等公务落款，不宜使用“Yours,”或“Yours faithfully,”等私人落款。签名切勿写自己的真实姓名，应用“Li Ming”代替。
经典范文
Dear Professor Schipper,
On behalf of all the students at this university who share a love of the English language, I am writing this e-mail to cordially invite you to be our honorable judge for an English speech contest.
As you are one of the leading experts in the English language in China, I believe that the students will not only be able to learn from you, but to be inspired as well. We are hoping that you will be available at 2:00 p.m. on January 5, 2014. There will be two hours allocated for the contest and 30 minutes for the question and answer session.
If you are interested in coming to our university for the contest, please reply as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
中文翻译
尊敬的席佩尔教授：
我代表本校全体热爱英语的学生写邮件给您，诚挚地邀请您担任英文演讲比赛的荣誉评委。
由于您是中国英语语言研究方面的杰出专家，我相信学生们不仅能从您身上学到很多知识，而且也能够获得启发。我们希望您能于2014年1月5日下午2点抽出时间参加我们的比赛，其中有两个小时是比赛时间，另外30分钟则是问答环节。
如果您有兴趣参加我们学校的竞赛，请尽快答复我们。
您真诚的，
李明
范文评析
本文共三段、五句、128词。首段只有一句，前半句进行自我介绍——代表全校热爱英语的学生，后半句交代写作目的——邀请对方担任英文演讲比赛的荣誉评委。本句先后使用了介词短语作状语、定语从句、现在进行时、介词短语放在名词后作定语。
第二段共三句，首句说明邀请原因，使用了原因状语从句、主系表结构、介词短语放在名词后面作定语、宾语从句、一般将来时、并列结构、被动语态。第二、三两句详细介绍演讲比赛的具体情况：第二句交代比赛的时间，运用了现在进行时、宾语从句、一般将来时、主系表结构；第三句介绍比赛的具体安排，使用了倒装句、一般将来时、过去分词短语作后置定语。
尾段共一句，期待对方回信，使用了条件状语从句。
精彩表达
on behalf of... 代表……
share a love of 喜爱
cordially invite 诚挚地邀请
honorable judge 荣誉评委
leading experts 杰出的专家
not only...but... 不仅……而且……
as well 也
inspire 启发
be available 有空闲
allocate 分配
session 环节
be interested in... 对……感兴趣
佳句拓展
1. I am pleased to invite you to participate in an activity to be held from January 4 to 7 in Beijing. 我很高兴邀请您参加从1月4日至7日在北京举办的一场活动。
2. It is my pleasure to extend an invitation to you to take part in an evening party for purpose of celebrating my birthday. 我很高兴邀请你来参加一场为我庆祝生日的晚会。
3. I hope that you have not any plan for the coming Sunday, as I would like you to spend it with us at our home. 我希望你下个星期天没有什么安排，因为我想邀请你到我家玩。
4. It is a great honor for me to invite you to this occasion. 如能邀请你参加这项活动是我莫大的荣幸。
5. I will be expecting you, so don’t disappoint me. 我等你，希望你不要让我失望。
6. I will cover all the expenses involved. 我将负担所有费用。
7. I am looking forward with great pleasure to seeing you again. 我以极其愉快的心情盼望着再一次和你见面。
8. I just can’t tell you how sorry I am that I cannot dine with you on Sunday. 周日我不能同你共进晚餐，真的非常遗憾。
9. If you have no other plans for this Friday night, the twelfth, will you join my dinner party? 如果你在本月12日周五晚上没有其他事情，请来参加我的宴会好吗？
考生作文
10分作文
Dear Prof. Smith,
On behalf of the“Talents”English Speech Contest committee, I’m writing to invite you to be our new judge. As the core part of our “Foreign Culture Festival,” this school-wide contest is due to be held in the Students’ Auditorium on May 12 (next Sunday), and we believe that you can give our competitors some enlightening comments as both a native-English speaker and knowledgeable professor. To be more specific, the event will start at around 7:00 p.m., and last for 2 hours at most. At the end of it, we will have some hand-made presents for each judge and competitor.
We sincerely hope you can be the judge for our competition. RSVP before this weekend.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Chairman of the“Talents”Speech Contest
中文翻译
尊敬的史密斯教授：
我谨代表“天才”英文演讲比赛委员会，写信邀请您来担任我们的新评委。作为我们“外国文化节”的核心部分，这场全校性的比赛将于5月12日（下周日）在学生大礼堂举行，我们相信您作为一名外籍英语教师及知识渊博的教授，能给我们的参赛者一些富有启发的点评。具体来说，比赛将在晚上七点左右举行，最多持续两个小时。最后，每位评委和参赛者都会得到一些手工礼品。
我们真诚地希望您能成为我们比赛的评委。请于本周末之前回复。
您真诚的，
李明
“天才”演讲比赛主席
作文评析
本文很好地完成了试题规定的任务：
1）格式和语域恰当；
2）包含所有内容要点，如比赛时间、地点和主题等；
3）使用了丰富的词汇和正确的语法；
4）采用了有效的衔接手段，行文自然流畅，层次分明；
5）能对目标读者产生预期的交际效果。
6分作文
Dear Mr. Lee,
There will be an English speech contest tomorrow morning held by speech Association. It’s our pleasure to invite you to be our judge for the upcoming English speech contest. The purpose of the contest is to let students speak English well and the students really need some help in speaking English.
The speech contest will be held at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow at Room 1802. If you accept our invitation, please let me know. Your coming will be a great news for all the students. I believe.
I’m looking forward your reply.
Li Ming
作文评析
本文基本完成了试题规定的任务：
1）格式和语域基本恰当；
2）虽有遗漏，但也包含主要内容；
3）语法结构和词汇能基本满足表达要求，有一些语言错误；
4）使用了简单的衔接手法，行文基本连贯，层次较清晰；
5）能基本产生预期的交际效果。
万能框架
邀请信
Dear Professor______,
I am very pleased to inform you that Beijing University is organizing an academic conference entitled“______”on December 8-9 in Beijing.
You are cordially invited to participate in this important Chinese academic event to be our guest speaker. You will be welcome to participate fully in the activities of the conference, including workshops, seminars, and other recreational activities. Your round trip air ticket, accommodation and meal expenses will be subsidized.
We look forward to seeing you in this conference and to having you as a significant part of this event. If you accept this invitation, please advise us of your date of arrival, so that we can make necessary arrangements.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
参考译文
尊敬的______教授：
我很荣幸地通知您，北京大学将于12月8至9日在北京举办一个名为“______”的学术会议。
我们诚挚地邀请您参加这次重要的中国学术会议并作为我们的特邀发言人。我们将欢迎您全程参与大会的各项活动，包括讨论会、研讨会和其他娱乐活动。我们将负担您的往返机票与食宿费用。
我们期待着您参与本次会议并作为会议的重要一员。如果您接受邀请，请告知到达日期，以便我们进行必要的安排。
您真诚的，
李明
预测练习
Directions:
Write a letter to Professor Bokenkamp, a world-famous professor majoring in Chinese philosophy and religious studies, and invite him to participate in a conference to be held in your university.
You should write no less than 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Li Ming”instead.
Do not write the address.
注： 预测练习题的经典范文及译文请参见《预测范文精编》，可登录本书封面上的下载地址下载。
题目分析
命题透视
2013年，考研英语（一）大作文再次考查图画。该题相对简单：一群大学生在毕业之际，面临着“求职、考研、出国、创业”等多条人生道路。图片下方文字说明为：“选择”。这道题属于考研写作四大必考话题之“人生哲理”类，主题为“选择”。
此次考题有很多人号称押题成功，但押中题目未必等于能获得高分。有些考生事先准备过相关话题，但就算如此，也不可盲目乐观。若很多考生采用同一范文，则会被视为雷同卷而得低分；有些考生虽然背过相关范文，但现场发挥时错误百出，则仍会得低分。即使押题成功，图画却未必一模一样，而第一段的图画描述才是阅卷教师最看重的部分，也最能检验语言水平，因此考生务必扎扎实实地锻炼英语写作能力。
有些考生事先没有准备过相关话题，这类考生也无须妄自菲薄。阅卷教师其实最希望看到的是现场发挥且语言水平较好的作文。鉴于网上答案错误百出，考生的估分未必准确。因此在英语成绩下来之后，有必要向报考院校研究生院或研招办咨询查分，了解自己的写作及各单项的具体成绩。
本题属于“人生哲理”类话题，历年考研作文中曾多次考查过，2003年考研写作题目为“温室花朵经不起风雨”，考查主题为“独立”；2004年写作题目为“终点又是新起点”，考查主题为“坚持”；2007年考查“自信”；2008年考查“合作”；2012年考查“乐观”。这充分证明了该话题是考生最应重视的话题之一。究其原因可能是命题组成员熟谙以考研考生为代表的青年学子面对的各种社会困境，希望借此类话题对青年考生进行教诲。2013年有700万大学生毕业，其中180万考生报名参加2013年考研，在严峻的就业和考研形势下，考查“毕业后人生道路选择”这一话题显然合情合理。
文章第一段应简要描述漫画，指出很多毕业生面临“求职、考研、出国、创业”等各种选择。第二段应进行意义阐释，可分析毕业选择所需考虑的诸多因素或不同选择的利弊，采用因果、正反、举例、联系现实等多种论证手段。第三段可进行归纳总结或提出建议：各种选择无所谓对错，适合自己的即为最佳选择。
很多考生担心大作文会跑题，其实大可不必。2013年共有180万考生考研，阅卷组老师要在一周之内判完所有试卷，不会有时间深究思维或结构，因此写作重在语言地道、简洁。只要文章与“选择、求职、考研、出国、创业”相关即可，考生可以仁者见仁、智者见智。阅卷老师也不会因为某些考生关键词写错或不会写而直接给低分，阅卷关键还是看语言的整体水平如何。
经典范文
As is vividly shown in the cartoon, for college students , choosing what to do upon graduation can be a tough decision to say the least. For the vast majority of students, the choice is among finding a job, pursuing postgraduate studies, going abroad and starting one’s own business. Below the drawing, there is a caption which says :“choice”.
When making this decision, students should consider a variety of factors, including their personal preferences, financial status and career plans. The first factor that they should consider is their own personal preferences. Some students may have entrepreneurial ambitions and dreams of running their own business. The second factor that undergraduate students should consider is their financial situation. Some students can afford the tuition fees of postgraduate studies or studying overseas, while for others the expense would be too heavy a financial strain. The final factor that students should take into account is their intended career. Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with gloomy career prospects, or end up wasting their time and money.
When it comes to the decision by university graduates of their next step in life, there is no one right or wrong choice. Instead, each student must make his/her own decision. With due consideration of personal preferences, financial status and career goals, students can improve their chances of making an optimal choice.
中文翻译
正如漫画所生动地展示的那样，对于大学生而言，至少可以说，选择毕业之后做什么是一个艰难的决定。大多数学生都在求职、考研、出国和创业之间做选择。漫画下面的文字说明写着：“选择”。
在做决定的时候，学生应该考虑很多因素，包括个人偏好、经济状况及职业规划。大学生要考虑的第一个因素就是自己的偏好。有些学生立志成为企业家，梦想经营自己的公司。大学生要考虑的第二个因素就是经济条件。有些学生能够负担考研或出国的学费，而对有些人来说这些费用却是一个沉重的经济负担。大学生要考虑的最后一个因素就是自己的职业生涯打算。错误的决定会让学生面临惨淡的职业前景，或是浪费时间和金钱。
关于大学毕业生对人生下一步的决策，他们的选择没有对错之说。然而，每个学生都必须自己做决定。合理地考虑个人偏好、经济状况及职业目标，大学生就更有可能做出最优的选择。
范文评析
本文共三段、13句、226词。首段为图画描述段，共三句，是“总—分—总”结构。首句为总体描述，点出人物（大学生）+动作（选择毕业之后做什么），依次使用了定语从句放在句首、被动语态、介词短语作状语、动名词短语作主语、主系表结构。第二句为细节描述，出现了介词短语放在句首作状语、主系表结构、并列结构、动名词短语作表语。尾句介绍图画的文字说明，使用了介词短语放在句首作状语、定语从句。
第二段为意义阐释段，共七句，是“总—分”结构。首句是主题句，并概括全文主旨，点出图画的寓意，先后运用了时间状语从句、并列结构。第二、三两句为分论点一，点明第一个考虑因素：个人偏好，第二句使用了定语从句、主系表结构；第三句使用了并列结构、介词短语放在名词后面作定语。第四、五两句为分论点二，点明第二个考虑因素：经济状况，第四句运用了定语从句、主系表结构；第五句采用了并列结构、介词短语放在句首作状语。第六、七两句指出第三个考虑因素：职业生涯打算，第六句使用了定语从句、主系表结构；第七句采用了定语从句、并列结构。
尾段归纳总结，共三句，是“总—分—总”结构。首句是结论句，使用了时间状语从句、含it的固定句型、并列结构；第二句进行转折；尾句对全文进行总结，采用了介词短语放在句首作状语、并列结构、介词短语放在名词后面作定语。
精彩表达
college students 大学生
upon graduation 即将毕业
tough decision 艰难的决定
to say the least 至少可以说
the vast majority of 绝大多数
pursue postgraduate studies 考研
go abroad 出国
start one’s own business 创业
making this decision 做这个决定
a variety of factors 各种因素
personal preference 个人偏好
financial status 经济地位
career plan 职业规划
entrepreneurial ambitions 创业的雄心
run one’s own business 经营自己的生意
financial situation 经济状况
afford the tuition fees 支付学费
postgraduate studies 研究生学习
study overseas 出国留学
financial strain 经济压力
take into account 考虑
intended career 预期的职业
be faced with 面对
gloomy career prospects 暗淡的职业前景
end up 结果是
waste one’s time and money 浪费时间和金钱
next step in life 人生的下一步
with due consideration of 合理的考虑
career goals 职业目标
improve one’s chances 提高……的几率
make an optimal choice 做出最优的选择
佳句拓展
1. There is a recognition that a candidate with a master’s degree will have a competitive advantage over those with only a bachelor’s degree. 普遍认为有硕士学位的候选人将比那些只有学士学位的候选人拥有竞争优势。
2. This is inevitable because ours is a society where one’s income is still determined by the knowledge he/she possesses. 由于我们社会中的个人收入仍然由其所拥有的知识所决定，因此这一点不可避免。
3. With the growing number of college graduates being turned out every year, the situation in the job market is getting tighter and tighter. 随着每年毕业的大学生越来越多，就业市场中的形势越来越严峻。
4. Many people consider university education as a springboard towards better jobs or a higher salary, and to get a degree is their only goal. 很多人把大学教育视为迈向好工作或高薪的跳板，而且获得学位是他们唯一的目标。
5. College students also have the opportunities to make mistakes without serious consequences, and to learn lessons from such experience. 大学生也有机会犯一些没有严重后果的错误，并且从这些经验中吸取教训。
6. The university education can provide students with a platform on which they can fully exert their potential. 大学教育可以给学生提供一个使其充分发挥潜能的平台。
7. Some people incorrectly believe that earning money is more important than one’s personal preference. 有些人错误地认为赚钱比个人喜好更为重要。
8. Lawyers, for example, need to have superior reasoning skills and above-average memories; firefighters must be able to lift and carry heavy objects; and it is imperative that pilots have an excellent vision and can work well under pressure. 例如律师需要具有卓越的推理能力以及优秀的记忆力；消防员必须能够举起并背负重物；而飞行员必须有出众的视力并能在压力下正常工作。
9. In order to decrease the risk of prolonged unemployment after graduation, students should consider whether a particular career is“hot”or not before settling upon a choice. 为了减少毕业后长期找不到工作的风险，大学生在做出选择之前应该考虑这个职业是否“热门”。
考生作文
满分档作文（17-20分）
As is vividly depicted in the picture , thousands of graduates are in face of choices in their life. There are generally four choices for them now, which are searching for a job, getting admitted to be a postgraduate, studying abroad and creating their own enterprises. It seems that they are quite confused and don’t know which might be the best way.
The implication underlying this picture is rather thought-provoking. Nowadays, many students in universities or colleges are not sure of what they want and where they will go in the future. They easily become anxious and helpless when choices confront them.
What should we do? In my opinion, the most important thing is having a goal. It is crucial for us college students to understand what we actually want and what kind of men we want to be. And then follow your heart. If you have the ambition to be an expert in some fields, you will naturally choose to study abroad or take the entrance test for postgraduates. And if you are willing to improve your working skills or just feed yourselves early and support your families, you will be the hunters chasing after jobs or the creators of a new company.
中文翻译
如图所示，成千上万的毕业生面临着他们人生中的选择。目前对于他们而言，一般有四种选择，分别是就业、考研、出国和创业。他们似乎相当困惑，不知道哪条路最好。
这幅图画背后的寓意是相当发人深思的。目前，很多大学生不确定他们想要什么，将来去向何方。他们面对选择时，很容易感到焦虑无助。
我们应该做什么？我认为，最重要的事就是拥有一个目标。我们大学生很有必要了解我们真正想要什么，以及我们想成为什么样的人。然后跟随你的内心。如果你想成为某些领域的专家，自然你就会选择出国留学或考研。如果你想提高工作能力或只是想尽早养活自己和家人，你就应该找工作或者自己创业。
范文评析
2012年之后，教育部《大纲分析》不再公布高分作文，本文是2013年北京阅卷组满分档范文，共三段、12句、203词。首段共三句，是“总—分—总”结构。首句是总体描述，点出了“人物+动作+环境”，使用了非限制性定语从句放在句首、被动语态、主系表结构、介词短语放在句尾作状语。第二句进行细节描述，出现了倒装句、非限制性定语从句、现在进行时、平行排比结构。尾句进行小结，运用了物主代词放在句首作主语、主系表结构、并列谓语、宾语从句。
第二段为意义阐释段，共三句，是“总—分”结构。首句承上启下，是过渡句，使用了现在分词短语放在名词后面作定语、主系表结构；第二、三句展开论证，第二句出现了介词短语放在名词后面作定语、主系表结构、宾语从句、并列结构；第三句运用了主系表结构、并列结构、时间状语从句。
第三段为建议措施段，共六句。第一、二句为主题句，第一句使用了设问的修辞手段，第二句自问自答，出现了介词短语放在句首作状语、主系表结构。第三、四句进行解释论证，第三句运用了物主代词放在句首作形式主语、主系表结构、不定式短语作真正主语、宾语从句、并列结构；第四句使用了省略句。第五、六句分别提出建议措施：第五句出现了条件状语从句放在句首、介词短语放在名词后面作定语、一般将来时、并列结构；第六句使用了条件状语从句放在句首、主系表结构、现在分词短语放在名词后面作定语。
值得注意的是，本文虽未使用太多难词长句，绝大部分表达以中学词汇为主，但没有使用过多令阅卷教师望而生厌的模板句型，全文均为考场上自由发挥，符合满分作文要求：简洁、地道、舒服。本文再次警醒广大考生：如想取得考研写作高分，务必摒弃所谓的押题和万能模板，扎扎实实提高写作实力！
10分作文
It goes without saying that this drawing aims at illustrating the choices in front of we university students who have been graduated from school. In this picture, four roads—searching a job, further study, going to a foreign country for study and doing a own business, sperate in the face of the students.
Now it is increasingly important for us to make a good decision in the stressful and strainful competition which may frustrate us. On the one hand, different choices may lead us to a completely different way which may influence us in the future. On the other hand, the opinions of our parents and relatives which are different from ours may confused us. What’s more, none of the choices means an easy way.
As the saying goes,“To left, or to right, that’s a hard decision”. From what have been discussed above, therefore, it is necessary that some effective and efficient measures should be taken. First, a campaign about choices must be launched. Second, we students should think over before we make a decision. As far as I am concerned, only the choices which suit us is the best one, so we should make the final decision following our heart.
作文评析
本文基本完成了试题规定的任务：
1）虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；
2）所使用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽存在一些错误，但不影响整体理解；
3）采用了简单的衔接手法，内容基本连贯，层次基本清晰；
4）格式和语域基本合理；
5）对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果。
3分作文
In this picture, many students who will be leaving university, standing stay on the road, in front of them, there have four roads stand by their ways, but at the same time, they are lossing cloudn’t do their choices.
It looks impossible, because there are so many ways, but in fact, it is unfreshing in the university. I think, they are not ready to go. In China, 16-17 years time we study in school, but we just study a little knowledge that how to slove the problem in our life by ourself or partwork, in fact, we study Chinese, English, Physiting… in more time, then when you should choice by yourself, you are not ready to do.
作文评析
本文未能完成试题规定的任务：
1）明显遗漏主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容；
2）语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复；
3）语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差；
4）未使用任何衔接手法，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段；
5）无格式与语域概念；
6）未能把信息传达给读者。
万能框架
教育类
It is subtly revealed in the portrayal that______. Obviously,______. We are informed that______.
Some driving factors that contribute to the above-mentioned changes may be summarized as follows. First and foremost, China has become particularly active in______, which leads to the increasing demand of qualified______. In addition, the development of job market on the whole cannot keep pace with the expansion of college graduates, which obliges a large number of students to stay on campus for another two or three years to get better prepared for their career. Last but not least, working pressure is another reason. Taking all these factors into account, we may predict that with the speedy development of our society, the number of recruitment of______will keep growing in the forthcoming decade.
On the other side of the coin, however, this tendency may bring about a good many problems, such as the waste of talent. It is necessary for us to take effective measures to ensure this situation doesn’t get out of hand, and encourage students to develop practical skills while learning theoretical knowledge, since both of them are the demands of the employers.
参考译文
这幅漫画微妙地揭示了______。显而易见，______。我们可以得知：_____。
促成上述变化的一些主要原因可以概括如下。首先，中国在______方面已经变得异常活跃，这导致了对高素质______需求的增加。此外，就业市场的总体发展无法跟上大学毕业生数量的增加，这促使很多学生继续在校园里待上两三年，为就业进行更好的准备。最后，工作压力是另外一个原因。考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以预计：随着社会的迅速发展，_______的招生人数在未来十年将会继续增加。
然而，问题的另一方面是，这种趋势可能带来很多问题，例如人才的浪费。我们必须采取有效措施确保这一状况不会失控，同时鼓励学生们在学习理论知识的同时培养自身的实践技能，因为用人单位对这两方面都有一定的要求。
预测练习
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
注： 预测练习题的经典范文及译文请参见《预测范文精编》，可登录本书封面上的下载地址下载。