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Students who cheat on examinations or plagiarize essays have an unfair advantage over other students. For instance, an honest student with average writing ability might spend many hours or even days writing a term paper and receive a grade of, say, 75 percent. A dishonest student might spend only five minutes downloading an essay from the Internet and, unless he or she is caught, receive a grade of 80 percent or higher. Likewise, it would be extremely unjust for a student who cheats on an exam to obtain a perfect score of 100, while a bright and hard-working student studies for a week to receive a score of 95.
考试作弊或剽窃论文的学生相对于其他同学而言有不公平的优势。例如，写作水平一般的诚实的学生可能会花几个小时甚至几天才能写出一篇学期论文，比如说得到了75分。而不诚实的学生可能只花了5分钟就从网上下载了一篇论文，如果他或她不被发现的话，他能得到80分或是更高的分数。同样，如果考试作弊的学生可以得到100分，而聪明勤奋的学生复习了一周只能获得95分，这是非常不公平的。
Plagiarism and cheating on tests are not only unfair to students who do their work independently, but are also detrimental to a university's reputation and the worth of its diploma. If such dishonest practices become prevalent at an institution of higher learning, this information will eventually reach the news media and the community at large. The university's credibility would become diminished, and repairing this credibility would be a slow process. In addition, alumni of a university where cheating and plagiarism are prevalent would see the value of their degree weakened in the job marketplace.
剽窃和考试作弊不仅对那些独立完成作业的学生不公平，而且也对一所大学的声誉及其毕业证的含金量不利。假如这种不诚实的行为在高等学校里面泛滥，最终会被新闻媒体及整个社会所知。这所大学的信誉就会降低，而想弥补这种信誉将是一个漫长的过程。另外，从作弊和剽窃现象泛滥的大学毕业的学生也会发现自己的学位在就业市场中变得不值钱了。
Finally, students who plagiarize others' work or cheat on exams will end up hurting themselves. Even if their actions are not detected, they will fail to achieve the learning that honest students have attained. As they seek employment upon their graduation, potential employers might discover through the interview process that they lack certain required skills or knowledge and, instead, award the job to an honest student able to demonstrate the requisite abilities. Furthermore, deceitful academic practices may lead to habitual dishonesty that affects students long after they leave the university, and could have adverse effects in every facet of their life.
最后，那些剽窃别人成果或考试作弊的学生会自食恶果。即便他们的行为没被发现，他们也没学到那些诚实学生学到的知识。当他们毕业找工作时，潜在的雇主在面试过程中就会发现他们缺乏某些必要的技能或知识，反而会把工作给那些能证明自己具备所需能力的诚实学生。而且，学术造假可能会导致习惯性欺骗，在学生离开学校很长时间后都对其有影响，而且可能对他们生活的各个方面都有负面影响。
Academic dishonesty has a very damaging effect. It not only puts honest students at a competitive disadvantage, encourages those who did not cheat to adopt similar practices later, but undermines the very foundation of academic learning on campus. Since cheating on exams reveals the moral deficiencies as well as the academic weakness of those students who engage in it, the dishonest practice will ultimately exert a perverse effect on their personality.
学术欺诈具有极大的破坏性影响。它不仅使得诚实的学生处于竞争劣势，鼓励那些没有作弊的考生日后采取相似的做法，而且损害了校园里学术研究的基本根基。由于考试作弊揭示了那些作弊考生的道德缺陷和学术弱点，这种不诚实的行为最终将对他们的个性产生负面影响。
It is high time that colleges and universities did something about it. First, it is necessary to take effective precautions. Since the incentives to engage in cheating on exams are mainly due to a lack of adequate precautions, some effective measures should be taken to prevent one form of cheating and another. For example, different test papers might be used in the same exam, and students should be asked to produce their ID card with an attached photo.
对此大学是时候采取一些相应措施了。首先，我们有必要采取有效的预防措施。由于学生考试作弊的动机主要是由于缺少充分的预防措施，我们应该采取有效措施来阻止各种作弊。例如，在一场考试中可以采用不同的考卷，同时要求学生提供附有照片的身份证件。
Second, it is vital to impose strict penalties. It is not enough to simply give the offending students a failing grade for such a policy does not deter those students already in danger of failing the course. To eliminate academic dishonesty thoroughly, serious forms of punishment for a willful offense—a suspension of the offender from school, or a permanent notation on the student's official transcript—should be applied.
其次，实行严厉的惩罚措施非常重要。仅仅给那些作弊的学生不及格的分数是不够的，因为这不足以制止徘徊在及格线的学生铤而走险。为了彻底消除学术欺诈，学校对于有意冒犯的学生应该实行严厉的惩罚措施，例如对作弊者采取停学的处分，或者在学生的官方成绩单上做永久的标记。
Ethics can be defined as the principles of behavior relating to moral conduct and judgment. One area in which ethics has been the subject of increasing debate is that of industry and business. While some people believe that robust business ethics often go unrewarded and may even reduce a company's competitiveness, others argue that high ethical standards can be conducive and instrumental to the success of a business. I am a strong proponent of the latter view.
道德规范可以被定义为与道德行为和判断力相关的行为准则。在工商业领域，道德规范已经成为越来越受争议的话题。尽管有些人认为健全的商业道德经常没有回报，甚至有可能会减弱公司的竞争力，另外一些人则认为高水准的道德标准有助于企业的成功。我强烈赞同后者。
The first benefit of maintaining a high standard of business ethics is that, in the long run, it will ensure a larger and more loyal customer base. Some businesses conduct their trade with no concern for the preservation of the environment or for the well-being of their employees. Examples include clothing retailers that use child labor and pharmaceutical companies that perform biased clinical trials. Most customers are unwilling to make any purchases that would perpetuate these kinds of unethical practices; ultimately, people will choose to spend their money on the products and services of ethically sound companies.
从长远来看，保持高水准商业道德的第一个好处就是，能确保更大和更忠实的顾客群。有些商家做生意时，不关心环保或员工福利。这样的例子包括服装零售商使用童工以及制药公司进行了有偏差的临床试验。大多数顾客不愿意进行任何可能会使这些不道德的行为继续下去的购买行为；人们最终会选择购买道德信誉良好的公司的产品和服务。
In addition to attracting more customers, ethical leadership can also improve employee recruitment, retention and productivity. Not surprisingly, most people would prefer to work for a company that demonstrates honesty, integrity and responsibility. For this reason, a worker who found out that his or her boss was engaging in ethically questionable practices would be likely to “jump ship” at the first available opportunity. Furthermore, since ethically strong companies are more appealing to discriminating job seekers, such firms will be able to choose from a wider range of potential employees and thus select the most talented individuals with the skills needed to further enhance the corporate.
除了能吸引更多的顾客，有道德的领导层也能促进职工的招聘、留任和提高生产力。难怪大多数人都更愿意为一个讲诚信、正直又有责任感的公司工作。为此，员工在发现自己老板的行为有道德问题时，很可能寻找机会在第一时间跳槽。此外，既然道德感强的公司对求职者有更大的吸引力，那么这样的公司也就能够从范围更广的准雇员中挑选最具才能的人，他们具备进一步提升公司实力所需的技能。
Last but not least, strict ethical standards are instrumental in ensuring that a company does not get into legal or regulatory trouble. Firms with a high level of ethics and responsibility will not only safeguard themselves from potentially hefty fines, but also avoid negative media coverage that can leave a company's reputation permanently tarnished. In extreme cases, lax ethics can even spell the demise of an entire corporation, as was the case with Bre-X minerals limited, WorldCom, and Enron Corporation. Such fates can be avoided by businesses that place an emphasis on corporate ethics.
最后但同样重要的一点，严格的道德标准有利于确保公司不会陷入法律或规章上的纠纷。道德水准高和责任感强的公司，不仅能保护自己免受可能的巨额罚款，而且也可以避免负面的媒体报道，这种报道有可能使一个公司永久地名誉扫地。在一些极端的例子里，不严格的道德规范甚至会导致整个企业的倒闭，比如Bre-X矿业有限公司，WorldCom公司和Enron公司。公司可以通过重视商业道德来避免这样的命运。
Admittedly, setting high ethical standards entails certain costs for a business. However, any cost associated with establishing an ethically favorable reputation will ultimately pay for itself as the company attracts more customers, maintains a loyal and motivated workforce, and avoids costly regulatory action. In today's increasingly competitive business world, perhaps the question that companies should ask themselves is not whether they can afford to be ethical, but whether they can afford not to be.
诚然，制定高水准的道德标准会让一个企业承担某些费用。然而，有关建立良好的道德信誉的任何花费终将有回报，因为公司能吸引更多的顾客，保留忠诚又积极进取的员工队伍，避免昂贵的监管行为等。在今天竞争日益激烈的商业世界里，企业该问自己的也许不是能否负担得起发扬商业道德的费用，而是能否承担得了没有道德规范的后果。