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Of all the advantages of exercising, the physical benefits are the most well-known. Regular physical activity can strengthen the heart and lungs, increase muscle strength, and lower blood pressure. It can also promote the growth of bone density, thus reducing people's chances of developing osteoporosis. By helping us to maintain and improve overall physical fitness, exercise lowers our chances of developing chronic diseases. Conversely, a lack of physical activity can increase our risk of health problems. Those who never or rarely exercise, for example, are at greater risk for high blood pressure, which could eventually lead to a heart attack or stroke.
在运动所带来的所有好处中，最为人所熟知的是对身体的益处。有规律的健身活动能增强心肺功能和肌肉力量，降低血压。它也可以促进骨密度的增长，从而降低人们患骨质疏松的几率。运动帮助我们保持和增强整体体质，从而降低我们患慢性疾病的几率。反之，缺乏体育锻炼会提高我们患病的风险。例如，那些从不锻炼或极少锻炼的人患高血压的风险更高，而这最终会导致心脏病或中风。
In recent years, the psychological and emotional benefits of physical activity have been well documented by researchers worldwide. One important way that exercise can improve mental health is by reducing our stress levels. This is especially important for people leading fast-paced lives or who face a high degree of pressure at work or at home. Moderate exercise can even help to alleviate potentially serious psychological conditions, such as anxiety and depression. Even for those who are enjoying good mental health, exercise can still help to boost their self-confidence and give them a greater sense of control.
近年来，世界各地的研究人员已经充分证明了体育活动对精神和情绪方面产生的益处。其中，锻炼促进心理健康的一个重要途径是减少精神压力。这对于那些过着快节奏生活或在工作或家庭中有很大压力的人来说尤为重要。适量运动甚至有助于缓解潜在的精神危机状况，如焦虑和抑郁。即使对于心理健康的人来说，运动也有助于增强其自信心和自控力。
Finally, engaging in physical activity can benefit one's social health as well. Since staying active leads to a more positive frame of mind, those who are physically active will be more likeable than inactive individuals, and able to interact more naturally with friends and colleagues. By increasing our energy level, exercising also enables us to spend more enjoyable time with our loved ones. Moreover, exercise itself can provide an excellent opportunity to socialize with others. For example, people can go jogging or biking with friends, or even make new acquaintances by joining a yoga class or a fitness studio.
最后，体育锻炼也有益于人际关系的发展。由于积极进行体育锻炼能使情绪更加积极，因此经常运动的人比不爱锻炼的人更受欢迎，并且他们能更自然地与朋友和同事进行交流。运动令我们精神饱满，因此与亲人的相处时光也更愉悦。此外，运动本身就是参与社交的绝佳时机。例如，人们可以与朋友一起慢跑或骑自行车，甚至也可以在上瑜伽课或去健身房时结识新朋友。
College athletics contribute both to students' physical well-being and to their mental well-being. There is a new appreciation of the importance of sports as students' bodies are increasingly weak and vulnerable to diseases because of inactivity. School authorities, as well as students themselves, have realized that sports are especially necessary to a person who works with his brain most of the day. Besides, sports offer a healthy form of escape from their monotonous routine studies. Taking part in swimming, jogging and ball games can make their academic life richer and fuller. And most importantly, sports help to promote the development of a student's personality. Such traits of character as competitiveness, self-discipline, teamwork and endurance—the things much needed in their later career and life—are encouraged and cultivated in sports.
大学体育运动无论对学生的身体健康，还是精神健康都有很大的积极作用。由于学生不大参加体力活动，身体素质日益下降，易患各种疾病，因此在大学里人们对体育运动的重要性有了新的认识。学校领导，甚至学生自己也都认识到体育运动对于一个一天大部分时间从事脑力劳动的人来说尤其必要。除此之外，体育运动也为学生单调枯燥的学习生活提供了一种健康的调节方式。参加游泳、慢跑、球类比赛可以使他们的学习生活更加丰富和充实。最重要的是，体育运动有助于促进学生性格的发展。在体育运动中像竞争力、自我约束力、团队合作精神以及忍耐力等品质，得到了激发和培养，而这些品质在他们将来的工作和生活中都是十分必要的。
Pressure from studies can negatively affect university students' psychological health. It is well documented that intense pressure can lead to both anxiety and depression. Consequently, students who place excessively high expectations on themselves or are constantly worried about their grades will be at a heightened risk of developing these emotional symptoms. For students who focus all of their time on academics to the exclusion of other activities, these negative emotions will have no outlet for release and thus may continue to affect them for a long time.
学业压力会给大学生的心理健康带来消极影响。过大的压力会引起焦虑和抑郁，这一点已经得到充分证明。因此，对自己期望过高或经常担心成绩的学生产生这些情绪症状的风险很高。把所有时间都用在学业上而排斥其他活动的学生，不容易释放这些消极情绪，因此有可能长时间受其困扰。
Apart from its harmful effects on emotional well-being, academic pressure can also cause students to suffer physical health ailments. As science confirms, there exists a strong connection between the mind and the body. The brain regulates hormones and biochemical processes to maintain homeostasis. This balance, however, can be offset by excessive stress or pressure, leading to a host of physical problems, including fatigue, muscular tension, headaches, ulcers and insomnia. Academic pressure can also cause indirect physical suffering. Students who worry obsessively about their studies are more likely to lead a sedentary lifestyle devoid of physical activity, which could induce additional physical health symptoms.
学业压力除了对心理健康有危害以外，也会引起学生生理上的疾病。科学证实，人的精神与肉体之间存在紧密的关联。大脑通过调节激素和生化过程来保持体内平衡。然而，过多的压力会打破这种平衡，引起很多身体问题，包括疲劳、肌肉紧张、头痛、溃疡和失眠。学业压力也会间接地引发身体疾病。过分担心学业的学生更容易处于一种长期伏案、不爱运动的生活状态，这会导致更多的身体疾病。
Academic pressure can also adversely affect students' social health. University students who are under severe pressure in their studies are less likely to socialize with their peers and may even isolate themselves to some degree. In addition, psychologists have demonstrated a causal link between stress and various negative emotional changes. Classmates of the affected students are unlikely to understand the reasons for such changes and may shy away from interaction with them. College students who are overcome by academic pressure may thus find it difficult to make and sustain healthy social relationships.
学业压力对学生的社交健康也有负面影响。大学生在严峻的学业压力下不太可能与同龄人正常交往，甚至可能在某种程度上把自己孤立起来。另外，心理学家已经证明，压力与各种负面的情绪变化之间存在着因果关系。受影响学生的同学们不太可能理解发生这些变化的原因，因此可能不愿意同这些受到影响的学生交往。因此有学业压力的大学生可能会发现建立并保持健康的人际关系很困难。
Personally, I love clean air. I think many people feel the same way. Second-hand cigarette smoke makes our breathing air dirty and it is a proven cause of cancer and other respiratory ailments. In my view, breathing smoky air is just as unhealthy as drinking dirty water. Thus, I’m in favor of any rule that prohibits smoking in public places and office buildings.
就我个人而言，我喜欢呼吸清新的空气，我想许多人和我一样。二手烟不但污染我们呼吸的空气，而且研究证明，二手烟还会引发癌症及其他呼吸系统疾病。在我看来，呼吸弥漫着烟雾的空气就跟饮用脏水一样不健康。因此，我赞同任何禁止人们在公共场所及办公楼内吸烟的规定。
Can't we do without a rule and just ask people to stop smoking? Voluntary abstention has been previously proven ineffective. In most countries, smokers are the minority and all of them are well aware that their cigarette smoke can adversely affect the health of others. Although considerate smokers refrain from lighting-up indoors in public places, many ignorant ones pollute the air of others wherever and whenever they feel the urge to smoke. Some smokers are arrogant and seem to believe that smoking is a personal right and that it is nobody else's business. These types will rebuff any request to put out their cigarettes, even in the face of a “no-smoking” sign. Sometimes, a government rule is the only way to settle the issue.
我们不要什么规定，直接要求人们戒烟不可以吗？从前的经验表明，自主戒烟收效不大。在大多数国家，烟民占少数，而且每一位吸烟者都非常清楚吸烟有害他人健康。尽管自觉的吸烟者在公共场所会克制自己不在室内吸烟，但很多无知的吸烟者则是随时随地，想抽就抽，也不理会烟雾会污染他人呼吸的空气。有些吸烟者十分傲慢，似乎以为吸烟是个人权利，不关别人的事。要求这些人熄灭香烟，定会遭到他们的断然拒绝，即使是在写有“禁止吸烟”的告示牌面前也不管用。有时候，政府的一条规定是解决这一问题的唯一办法。
Why should we be so concerned about public places and office buildings? I think these are the areas where second-hand cigarette smoke can be the most dangerous and where the right to non-polluted air is the most evident. Public places are intended for everyone to use and enjoy. Cigarette smoke unjustly prevents many members of the public from fully enjoying these places. It also makes these public areas hazardous for children, seniors, and people with respiratory problems. Most office buildings don't have open windows so they end up recirculating the internal air many times over. Workers spend eight or more hours breathing the same air. This extended exposure to recirculated air multiplies the harmful effects of any cigarette smoke in the building.
我们为什么会如此在意公共场所和办公楼呢？我想是因为在这些地方，二手烟可能造成的危害最大，同时公共场所和办公楼也是最应该确保空气清洁的地方。公共场所是供每个人愉快使用的地方。而吸烟使得许多公民无法在这些场所过得十分愉快，这一点很不公平。同时，在公共场所吸烟还会危及小孩、老人及呼吸系统疾病患者的健康。大多数办公楼都采用封闭式的窗户，因而室内空气会在办公楼内循环多次。大楼员工每天有八个小时或更长时间会呼吸相同的空气。由于大家得长时间呼吸经多次循环的空气，因此如果有人在大楼内吸烟，其危害会更加严重。
The factors for a great rise in teenage smoking are complex. Some attribute it to the improved standard of living which enables kids to have more pocket money, and others place the blame on cigarette advertising and the import of cigarettes, which give them easy access to Marlboros. Whatever the causes, only particular external circumstances have been examined. The factors, actually, are psychological as well as social. Most young people begin to smoke just out of curiosity: they have a strong desire to experience the pleasure of smoking which is forbidden to them. They also have a subconscious feeling that smoking will make them mature, tough and sophisticated. When they light up a cigarette, and produce puffs of smoke carelessly, they are under the illusion that they are grown-ups instead of kids and that they are admired rather than rejected by society.
青少年吸烟人数剧增的原因是很复杂的。有些人把它归咎于生活水平的提高，使得孩子有更多的零用钱（用来买烟），也有些人说问题出在香烟广告和香烟的进口上，这使得年轻人很容易得到“万宝路”。但无论什么原因，都只考虑了特殊的外在环境。实际上，原因不仅仅是社会方面的，还有青少年心理方面的。大多数年轻人开始吸烟只是出于好奇心：由于不准年轻人吸烟，所以他们有一种强烈的欲望，想体验一下吸烟带来的快感。他们潜意识里也觉得，吸烟会使他们成熟、强硬和老练。当点燃一支香烟，漫不经心地喷出一圈圈烟雾时，他们有一种幻觉：他们已经是大人而不是小孩了，人们投来的是羡慕的眼光，而不是厌弃的神情。