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Reason dreams of an empire of knowledge, a mansion of the mind. Yet sometimes we end up living in a hovel by its side.
—Heinz R. Pagels,
The Dreams of Reason
If I remember, I predicted fence integrity would fail.
—The character of Ian Malcolm,
in Michael Crichton’s
Jurassic Park
The Top Officers
Kenneth Lay, chairman and CEO
Jeffrey Skilling, president (1997–2001), CEO (2001)
Rich Kinder, president (1989–1996)
Greg Whalley, president (2001)
In the Finance Division
Andrew Fastow, chief financial officer (1998–2001)
Michael Kopper, head of special projects
Jeffrey McMahon, treasurer (1999–2000), CFO (2001–2002)
Ben Glisan Jr., treasurer (2000–2001)
Raymond Bowen Jr., treasurer (2001–2002)
Jordan Mintz, general counsel
Lea Fastow, assistant treasurer
Michael Jakubik, vice president
Jim Timmins, director, private equity
Tim Despain, vice president
Bill Brown, vice president
The Internal Accountants
Richard Causey, chief accounting officer
David Woytek, vice president, corporate auditing
Rodney Faldyn, vice president, transaction accounting group
Ryan Siurek, member, transaction accounting group
In Risk Assessment
Richard Buy, chief risk officer
Vince Kaminski, vice president of research
Stinson Gibner, analyst
Vasant Shanbhogue, analyst
Rakesh Bharati, analyst
Kevin Kindall, analyst
In Corporate Development
J. Clifford Baxter, executive vice president
Mark Muller, senior vice president
Sherron Watkins, vice president (2001)
The Corporate Staff
Rebecca Carter, investor relations representative, corporate secretary
Mark Palmer, head of corporate communications
Stephen Kean, head of government affairs (1998), chief of staff (1999–2001)
Mark Koenig, head of investor relations
Cindy Olson, head of community relations
In the Legal Department
James Derrick, general counsel
Rob Walls, deputy general counsel
Rex Rogers, associate general counsel
In Wholesale Energy
Kenneth Rice, chief executive
Kevin Hannon, president
Greg Whalley, president (2000)
Amanda Martin, managing director, asset management
Mark Haedicke, general counsel
Kristina Mordaunt, co-head of finance legal cluster (1997–1999)
Timothy Belden, managing director, west power trading division
John Forney, manager, west power real time trading desk
Stuart Zisman, senior counsel
Mark Frevert, president, London (1998), unit chairman (2000–2001)
In Retail Energy
Andrew Fastow, managing director (1996)
Lou Pai, chief executive (1996–2001)
David Delainey, chief executive (2001)
Raymond Bowen Jr., vice president
In the International Division
Rebecca Mark, chief executive
Joseph Sutton, deputy
In the Broadband Division
Kenneth Rice, co-chief executive (1999), chief commercial officer (2000)
Joseph Hirko, co-chief executive
Kevin Hannon, chief operating officer
Rex Shelby, senior vice president
Kristina Mordaunt, general counsel (1999–2001)
At Portland General, an Electric Utility
Kenneth Harrison, chairman
Joseph Hirko, chief financial officer (1991–1996)
At Azurix, a Water Company
Rebecca Mark, chief executive
Amanda Martin, executive director
Colin Skellett, executive director
On the Board of Directors
John Duncan
Herbert “Pug” Winokur Jr.
Norman Blake
Charles “Mickey” LeMaistre
Robert Jaedicke
Robert Belfer
Wendy Gramm
William Powers
Joseph Berardino, managing partner (2001–2002)
Andrew Pincus, general counsel
John Riley, practice director
Rich Corgel, practice director
In the Houston Office
David Duncan, partner
Stephen Goddard, partner
Thomas Bauer, partner
Carl Bass, partner
Debra Cash, partner
Patricia Grutzmacher, partner
Gary Goolsby, global managing partner
James Hecker, partner
In the Professional Standards Group, Chicago, Illinois
John Stewart, partner
Ben Neuhausen, partner
In the litigation group, Chicago, Illinois
Nancy Temple, lawyer
Chuck Watson, chairman and chief executive
Stephen Bergstrom, president
Keith Fullenweider, deputy general counsel
Rob Doty, chief financial officer
Daniel Bayly, head of global investment banking
James Brown, head of strategic asset lease and finance
Schuyler Tilney, relationship banker, Houston office
Robert Furst, relationship banker, Dallas office
John Olson, securities analyst
Gary Mulgrew, managing director
Giles Darby, managing director
David Bermingham, banker
James (Jimmy) Lee, vice chairman
Rick Walker, relationship banker
James Chanos, president
Dennis Kozlowski, Tyco International
Rupert Murdoch, News Corporation
Sumner Redstone, Viacom
At Vinson & Elkins, Houston, Texas
Joseph Dilg, managing partner
Ronald Astin, partner
Max Hendrick III, partner
At Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, Washington, D.C .
William McLucas, partner
Charles Davidow, partner
Joseph Brenner, partner
William Joor, partner
Reed Brodsky, counsel
At Weil, Gotshal & Manges, New York City
Thomas Roberts, partner
Mary Korby, partner
George H.W. Bush (1988–1992)
Bill Clinton (1992–2001)
George W Bush (2001–2004)
Dick Cheney, Vice President
Andrew Card, Chief of Staff
John Ashcroft, Attorney General
Larry Thompson, Deputy Attorney General
Michael Chertoff, head of the criminal division
On the Enron Task Force
Leslie Caldwell, director
Andrew Weissmann, deputy director
With the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Robert Mueller, director
Joseph Ford, special agent
Arthur Levitt, chairman (1993–2001)
Harvey Pitt, chairman (2001–2003)
Richard Walker, director of enforcement (1998–2001)
Stephen Cutler, director of enforcement (2001–2004)
Linda Chatman Thomsen, deputy director of enforcement
In the Fort Worth Regional Office
Spencer Barasch, associate district administrator
Robert Hannan, lawyer
Lawrence Summers, Secretary (1999–2001)
Paul O’Neill, Secretary (2001–2002)
Donald Evans, Secretary
Colin Powell, Secretary
Gray Davis, Governor
In the Senate
Trent Lott, Majority Leader, Republican of Mississippi
Phil Gramm, Republican of Texas
In the House of Representatives
W J. (Billy) Tauzin, Republican of Louisiana
James Greenwood, Republican of Pennsylvania
Staff, House Energy and Commerce Committee’s Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
Mark Paoletta
David Cavicke
Ken Johnson
Jonathan Weil, reporter
John Emshwiller, reporter
Rebecca Smith, reporter
Bethany McLean, reporter
Bal Thackeray, leader, Shiv Sena, Mumbai, India
Arnold Schwarzenegger, actor, Los Angeles, California
Joint Energy Development Investments. A fund—jointly owned by Enron and the California Public Employees Retirement System, or Calpers—to invest in oil and gas properties.
Also formed between Enron and Calpers, for investments in a wider range of assets.
An off-books partnership controlled by an Enron executive. Used to purchase Calpers’s interest in JEDI to allow for the retirement system to invest in JEDI II.
Also known as LJM1. An investment fund managed by Enron’s chief financial officer. Used mainly to provide Enron with a protection against a decline in the price of its investment in a technology company, Rhythms NetConnections.
A far larger investment fund, also managed by Enron’s CFO. Used primarily to purchase investments and assets that Enron wanted to sell, and to provide cash to off-books entities that were also doing deals with the company.
A quartet of off-books entities which were, at one point, partly owned by LJM2. They were created for the purpose of providing Enron with a protection against losses from certain investments in other companies and assets.
The code name for a deal involving the sale by Enron of a portion of its video-on-demand business, formed in a joint venture with Blockbuster. Again, the sale was to an off-books entity created by the company.