Reason dreams of an empire of knowledge, a mansion of the mind. Yet sometimes we end up living in a hovel by its side.

—Heinz R. Pagels, The Dreams of Reason

If I remember, I predicted fence integrity would fail.

—The character of Ian Malcolm,
in Michael Crichton’s Jurassic Park

THE CAST OF CHARACTERS
and Their Primary Roles

WITH THE ENRON CORPORATION, HOUSTON, TEXAS

The Top Officers

Kenneth Lay, chairman and CEO

Jeffrey Skilling, president (1997–2001), CEO (2001)

Rich Kinder, president (1989–1996)

Greg Whalley, president (2001)

In the Finance Division

Andrew Fastow, chief financial officer (1998–2001)

Michael Kopper, head of special projects

Jeffrey McMahon, treasurer (1999–2000), CFO (2001–2002)

Ben Glisan Jr., treasurer (2000–2001)

Raymond Bowen Jr., treasurer (2001–2002)

Jordan Mintz, general counsel

Lea Fastow, assistant treasurer

Michael Jakubik, vice president

Jim Timmins, director, private equity

Tim Despain, vice president

Bill Brown, vice president

The Internal Accountants

Richard Causey, chief accounting officer

David Woytek, vice president, corporate auditing

Rodney Faldyn, vice president, transaction accounting group

Ryan Siurek, member, transaction accounting group

In Risk Assessment

Richard Buy, chief risk officer

Vince Kaminski, vice president of research

Stinson Gibner, analyst

Vasant Shanbhogue, analyst

Rakesh Bharati, analyst

Kevin Kindall, analyst

In Corporate Development

J. Clifford Baxter, executive vice president

Mark Muller, senior vice president

Sherron Watkins, vice president (2001)

The Corporate Staff

Rebecca Carter, investor relations representative, corporate secretary

Mark Palmer, head of corporate communications

Stephen Kean, head of government affairs (1998), chief of staff (1999–2001)

Mark Koenig, head of investor relations

Cindy Olson, head of community relations

In the Legal Department

James Derrick, general counsel

Rob Walls, deputy general counsel

Rex Rogers, associate general counsel

In Wholesale Energy

Kenneth Rice, chief executive

Kevin Hannon, president

Greg Whalley, president (2000)

Amanda Martin, managing director, asset management

Mark Haedicke, general counsel

Kristina Mordaunt, co-head of finance legal cluster (1997–1999)

Timothy Belden, managing director, west power trading division

John Forney, manager, west power real time trading desk

Stuart Zisman, senior counsel

Mark Frevert, president, London (1998), unit chairman (2000–2001)

In Retail Energy

Andrew Fastow, managing director (1996)

Lou Pai, chief executive (1996–2001)

David Delainey, chief executive (2001)

Raymond Bowen Jr., vice president

In the International Division

Rebecca Mark, chief executive

Joseph Sutton, deputy

In the Broadband Division

Kenneth Rice, co-chief executive (1999), chief commercial officer (2000)

Joseph Hirko, co-chief executive

Kevin Hannon, chief operating officer

Rex Shelby, senior vice president

Kristina Mordaunt, general counsel (1999–2001)

At Portland General, an Electric Utility

Kenneth Harrison, chairman

Joseph Hirko, chief financial officer (1991–1996)

At Azurix, a Water Company

Rebecca Mark, chief executive

Amanda Martin, executive director

Colin Skellett, executive director

On the Board of Directors

John Duncan

Herbert “Pug” Winokur Jr.

Norman Blake

Charles “Mickey” LeMaistre

Robert Jaedicke

Robert Belfer

Wendy Gramm

William Powers

WITH ARTHUR ANDERSEN & CO .

Joseph Berardino, managing partner (2001–2002)

Andrew Pincus, general counsel

John Riley, practice director

Rich Corgel, practice director

In the Houston Office

David Duncan, partner

Stephen Goddard, partner

Thomas Bauer, partner

Carl Bass, partner

Debra Cash, partner

Patricia Grutzmacher, partner

Gary Goolsby, global managing partner

James Hecker, partner

In the Professional Standards Group, Chicago, Illinois

John Stewart, partner

Ben Neuhausen, partner

In the litigation group, Chicago, Illinois

Nancy Temple, lawyer

WITH DYNEGY CORPORATION, HOUSTON, TEXAS

Chuck Watson, chairman and chief executive

Stephen Bergstrom, president

Keith Fullenweider, deputy general counsel

Rob Doty, chief financial officer

WITH MERRILL LYNCH & COMPANY

Daniel Bayly, head of global investment banking

James Brown, head of strategic asset lease and finance

Schuyler Tilney, relationship banker, Houston office

Robert Furst, relationship banker, Dallas office

John Olson, securities analyst

WITH GREENWICH NATWEST, GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT, AND LONDON, ENGLAND

Gary Mulgrew, managing director

Giles Darby, managing director

David Bermingham, banker

WITH J. P. MORGAN CHASE

James (Jimmy) Lee, vice chairman

Rick Walker, relationship banker

WITH KYNIKOS ASSOCIATES

James Chanos, president

THE OTHER CHIEF EXECUTIVES

Dennis Kozlowski, Tyco International

Rupert Murdoch, News Corporation

Sumner Redstone, Viacom

WITH THE LAW FIRMS

At Vinson & Elkins, Houston, Texas

Joseph Dilg, managing partner

Ronald Astin, partner

Max Hendrick III, partner

At Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, Washington, D.C .

William McLucas, partner

Charles Davidow, partner

Joseph Brenner, partner

William Joor, partner

Reed Brodsky, counsel

At Weil, Gotshal & Manges, New York City

Thomas Roberts, partner

Mary Korby, partner

THE PRESIDENTS

George H.W. Bush (1988–1992)

Bill Clinton (1992–2001)

George W Bush (2001–2004)

AT THE WHITE HOUSE OF GEORGE W. BUSH, WASHINGTON, D.C .

Dick Cheney, Vice President

Andrew Card, Chief of Staff

AT THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, WASHINGTON, D.C .

John Ashcroft, Attorney General

Larry Thompson, Deputy Attorney General

Michael Chertoff, head of the criminal division

On the Enron Task Force

Leslie Caldwell, director

Andrew Weissmann, deputy director

With the Federal Bureau of Investigation

Robert Mueller, director

Joseph Ford, special agent

AT THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, WASHINGTON, D.C .

Arthur Levitt, chairman (1993–2001)

Harvey Pitt, chairman (2001–2003)

Richard Walker, director of enforcement (1998–2001)

Stephen Cutler, director of enforcement (2001–2004)

Linda Chatman Thomsen, deputy director of enforcement

In the Fort Worth Regional Office

Spencer Barasch, associate district administrator

Robert Hannan, lawyer

AT THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, WASHINGTON, D.C .

Lawrence Summers, Secretary (1999–2001)

Paul O’Neill, Secretary (2001–2002)

AT THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, WASHINGTON, D.C .

Donald Evans, Secretary

AT THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON, D.C .

Colin Powell, Secretary

IN CALIFORNIA STATE GOVERNMENT, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

Gray Davis, Governor

IN THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS

In the Senate

Trent Lott, Majority Leader, Republican of Mississippi

Phil Gramm, Republican of Texas

In the House of Representatives

W J. (Billy) Tauzin, Republican of Louisiana

James Greenwood, Republican of Pennsylvania

Staff, House Energy and Commerce Committee’s Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations

Mark Paoletta

David Cavicke

Ken Johnson

AT THE WALL STREET JOURNAL

Jonathan Weil, reporter

John Emshwiller, reporter

Rebecca Smith, reporter

AT FORTUNE MAGAZINE

Bethany McLean, reporter

OTHERS

Bal Thackeray, leader, Shiv Sena, Mumbai, India

Arnold Schwarzenegger, actor, Los Angeles, California

THE PRIMARY DEALS

JEDI

Joint Energy Development Investments. A fund—jointly owned by Enron and the California Public Employees Retirement System, or Calpers—to invest in oil and gas properties.

JEDI II

Also formed between Enron and Calpers, for investments in a wider range of assets.

CHEWCO

An off-books partnership controlled by an Enron executive. Used to purchase Calpers’s interest in JEDI to allow for the retirement system to invest in JEDI II.

LJM CAYMAN

Also known as LJM1. An investment fund managed by Enron’s chief financial officer. Used mainly to provide Enron with a protection against a decline in the price of its investment in a technology company, Rhythms NetConnections.

LJM2

A far larger investment fund, also managed by Enron’s CFO. Used primarily to purchase investments and assets that Enron wanted to sell, and to provide cash to off-books entities that were also doing deals with the company.

THE RAPTORS

A quartet of off-books entities which were, at one point, partly owned by LJM2. They were created for the purpose of providing Enron with a protection against losses from certain investments in other companies and assets.

BRAVEHEART

The code name for a deal involving the sale by Enron of a portion of its video-on-demand business, formed in a joint venture with Blockbuster. Again, the sale was to an off-books entity created by the company.

THE CAST OF CHARACTERS and Their Primary Roles