第8章
经络与脑的相关性

Chapter 8　The Correlation Between Meridian and Brain with Neural System

在感传过程中，中枢神经、自主神经和外周神经系统等均参与其中，同时发挥着相应的信息传输和调控功能 ^[1] 。

In the propagated sensation (PS) process, the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and peripheral nervous system all join in the PS process and develop the function, associated with information transferring and the function of adjust-controlling (or regulation) ^[1] .

8.1　生理性感传与脑的功能活动密切相关

Closed correlation between physiological propagated sensation and functional activities of brain

8.1.1　感传过程中，脑磁图的对应变化

The associated variation of brain magnetic graph in the PS process

1994年6月，我们对感传过程中脑磁图的变化进行了观测。受试者为经络敏感人，女性，31岁。试验方法是：选择右侧“足三里”为针刺点，SQUID探测点在“脑中”（天目穴），观测激发胃经感传时的脑磁图的变化。结果发现：针刺前，受试者“脑中”穴的磁信号显示以α和β波为主，振幅较普通人（非敏感人）大2～3倍，有不规则的波动。针刺“足三里”后，磁信号的振幅加大，且随着感传运行出现规律的周期性波动，感传仅用1分3秒便可传到头部及上肢；过6秒钟起针，磁信号渐变平稳，受试者感到右半身发热；起针30秒后，磁信号振幅加大，感传从手再回传至足。整个过程中脑磁图的变化记录如下（图8-1-1） ^[1] 。

In June of 1994, we observed the variation of the brain magnetic graph. The tested person (testee) was a meridian sensitive person, female, age 31. The test method was the following. Point Zusanli of right leg was selected as the stimulated puncturing point. The detected location with SQUID facility was point Naozhong(also this point named as Tianmu). At this point, the variation of the brain magnetic graph was measured while stomach meridian was excited. The results showed before puncturing, the magnetic signals at point Naozhong were alpha and beta waves as the main waves, the amplitudes of which were 2-3 times higher than that of common people (non-sensitive people) and with irregular fluctuation. After puncturing the point Zusanli, the amplitudes of the magnetic signals increased and regularly periodic fluctuation happened according to the PSM operation. Only through 1 minute and 3 seconds, the PS reached to head and upper limbs; after 6 seconds, taking off the needle, the magnetic signals gradually reduced and became stable. At this time the right part body of the testee (being tested person) became heat. Then, after 30 seconds, the amplitudes of the magnetic signals increased again and the PS transmitted back and returned from hand to foot. The variation of the brain magnetic graph in the whole process was recorded, shown in Fig. 8-1-1 ^[1] .

8.1.2　感传过程中，大脑感知情况的实时定位

The real time location of the brain perception situation in the process of PS

1973年8月4日，我们在对经络敏感人侯某进行经络感传研究时观察到，用70 Hz（周秒）的电脉冲刺激其左侧心包经“中冲”穴，沿左侧心包经迅速产生感传。进而，42秒后，其右侧心包经在没有任何附加刺激的情况下，也自发产生感传，感传左右相伴，就像智能遥感一般。更令人惊奇的是，随后左右心包经的表里经—三焦经也自发感传，且左右呼应，显示智能控制的特征，值得大家深思与探讨。在感传过程中，大脑感知左右感传的实时定位情况详见表8-1-1。

On 4 August of 1973, while researching PSM, we observed the following PSM effects for a meridian sensitive testee HOU *. We used the electric pulses with 70 Hz to stimulated point Zhongchong of left arm Pericardium Meridian, and along this meridian PSM promptly happened. However, after 42 seconds, along Pericardium Meridian of right arm (opposite arm), the PSM also happened spontaneously without any additional puncturing stimulation. This effect of PS of left and right part of the body happening almost at the same time is very similar to the intellectual remote sensation. Moreover, it is surprised that along two Triple Energizer Meridian of left-right arms, externally and internally related with two Pericardium Meridian, the PS also appeared spontaneously. These effects expose the feature of intellectual control, about which it is worthy to be researched and explored. Concerning the real time location situation in the process of PSM, see table 8-1-1 in detail.

从表8-1-1中可见，仅左侧心包经感传由电脉冲（70 Hz）直接激发，右侧心包经及两侧三焦经（表里经）感传，均为自发过程，其具有如下三个特征：第一，空间位置上，左右对称，两侧一致；第二，激发侧运行在先，自动感应侧紧随其后，一前一后，不错不乱；第三，阴经运行较慢，曲折部位较慢，心包经和肝经先启动而后达终点；阳经运行较快，三焦经和膀胱经后启动则先达终点，快而不乱，清楚地展示出阴阳、表里、信息激发先后和左右对称制约等智能调控的特征 ^[1] 。

From the results in this table, we may see the used electric pulses with 70 Hz to stimulate left arm Pericardium Meridian can excite the spontaneous PSM effect along both Pericardium Meridian of right part of the body and Triple Energizer Meridian of left- right parts. This effect has three features. Firstly, the space locations are consistent for two aspects, and left- right sides are symmetrical, and two aspects are consistent with each other. Secondly, the stimulated side operates in advance, and the induced PSM side follows regularly and appears later. Thirdly, Yin Meridians operate slower, along curved regions running slower; Pericardium Meridian and Liver Meridian starting in advance but reaching to terminals later; Yang Meridians running faster; Triple Energizer Meridians and Bladder Meridians starting behind but reaching to terminals early, faster and regularly. All these phenomena show that Yin-Yang meridians are externally and internally related, exciting information earlier or later, left- right symmetrical and restriction etc. All these facts express the features of intellectual adjusting control ^[1] .

8.1.3　周期性的自主性感传

Periodic and autonomic PS

经络敏感人何某在左侧心包经“内中冲”接受同样电脉冲刺激后，多次出现多经轮替感传的自主性感传现象。

For meridian sensitive testee HE *, after using electric pulses stimulation on point Nei Zhongchong(inner zhongchong) of left arm Pericardium Meridian, the autonomic PSM appeared alternatively along many other meridians as well.

第一次自主性感传：电脉冲刺激结束，心包经感传止于足大趾后，过1′30″，左右两侧一起开始自主性感传。感传起于肝经足1～2趾间，前面沿肝经上行，1分钟达肺部，2′23″达头部，前面沿心包经3′44″达中指端，背面沿膀胱经下行，3′10″达肾俞，在臀部扩散，3′30″达腘窝，3′56″止于足小趾。

The first time autonomic PS, just ending the electric pulses stimulation, the PSM along Pericardium Meridian finished at the foot big toe, and then after 1′30″, both left and right body sides PSM started from the location between big (first) and second toe running up along Liver Meridian, reaching to lung for 1 minute, to head for 2′23″. At the anterior of the body, PS ran along Pericardium Meridian reaching to the terminal of middle finger for 3′44″, and at the posterior of the body, PSM ran along bladder reaching to point Shenshu and diffused at hip for 3′30″, then reaching to axillary fossa for 3′56″, finished finally at little (fifth) toe.

第二次自主性感传：第一次自主感传结束后1′30″，左右两侧一起开始第二次自主性感传，同起于小趾，沿膀胱经上行，3′22″与3′51″分别到达两侧小肠经，波及三焦经及大肠经。

The second time autonomic PS, after the first time autonomic PS finished for 1′30″, the second time autonomic PSM ran along both left and right body sides, starting at little toes, then ran up along Bladder Meridian, reaching to left-right Small Intestine Meridians for 3′22″ and 3′51″ respectively, expanding also to Triple Energizer Meridian and Large Intestine Meridian.

第三次自主性感传：第二次自主感传结束后1′30″，左右两侧一起开始第三次自主性感传，同起足4～5趾间，一支沿胆经上行，至头；另一支从足底向内，走肝经在头部与胆经相会，再走三焦经，分别于6′41″和6′51″达环指。

The third time autonomic PS, after the second time autonomic PSM finished for 1′30″, the third time autonomic PSM ran along both left and right body sides at the same time, starting at the gap between fourth and little toe, one branch ran up along Gallbladder Meridian, reaching to head; another branch ran from the sole toward inner side and along Liver Meridian up to head and met Gallbladder there, then ran along Triple Energizer Meridian reaching ring finger for 6′41″ and 6′51″ respectively.

第四次自主性感传：第三次自主感传结束后1′30″，手三阴经、手三阳六经一起从手上传，2′37″达胸部，间隔3′后开始返回手部原位。之后，足三阴经、足三阳经六经一起从足上传，2′17″达腹部，间隔3′后开始返回足部原位。

The fourth time autonomic PS, after the third time autonomic PSM finished for 1′30″, 6 meridians, i. e.three Hand-Yin and three Hand-Yang Meridians, started at the same time, and ran up to chest part for 2′37″,through 3′gap, then returned back to the original hand parts. Further more, 6 meridians, i. e. three Foot-Yin and three Foot-Yang Meridians, ran up to abdomen part for 2′17″, through 3′then returned back to the original feet parts.

第五次自主性感传：第四次自主感传结束后1′30″，从两侧第二趾开始，感传自发沿胃经上传，经头走大肠经，左侧5′24″止于左示指，右侧6′24″右示指。

The fifth time autonomic PS, after the fourth time autonomic PS finished for 1′30″, the PS started from the second toe of left-right sides, and ran up along Stomach Meridian, via head to Large Intestine Meridian, ending at left index finger for 5′24″ and at right index finger for 6′24″.

第六次自主性感传：第五次自主感传结束后1′30″，再次出现与第四次传导途经相同的自主性感传，但感传的速度加快两倍。

The sixth time autonomic PS, after the fifth time autonomic PSM finished for 1′30″, the PS appeared again as the same courses of the fourth autonomic PS, but the PS velocity is twice faster.

第六次自主性感传结束后，间隔1′42″，受试者感到全身发热，疲倦，经过3′18″，这些症状消退。但又间隔1′42″后，受试者再次感到全身发热，经半小时，又开始单经传导，与第一次自主性感传一致 ^[1] 。

After the sixth time autonomic PSM finished for 1′42″, the testee felt heat throughout the whole body and tired, then for 1′18″, these symptoms relieved and diminished. But for another 1′42″, the testee felt heat again throughout the whole body. Half an hour later, the PS along single meridian course started again as the first time autonomic PS ^[1] .

8.1.4　循经血管功能的周期性变化

The periodic variation of the blood vessel function along meridians

受试者何某，在体质本身具有三个特殊条件：第一，经络敏感；第二，皮肤敏感，有划痕症等；第三，内脏有肾下垂。在治疗皮肤划痕症的过程中，我们发现她经络敏感，在多次连续经穴刺激过程中，又观测到上述多种周期性感传的奇特经络现象。

Testee HE * has three special conditions with his body qualities. Firstly, meridian sensitive; secondly, skin sensitive, having disease of scratch scar; thirdly, having disease of gastropotosis (stomach downward)of viscera. In the process of treatment of her scratch scar, we found that she was meridian sensitive, and in many times of stimulating process to puncture points, we also observed many kinds of curious meridian phenomena of periodic PSM.

1973年5月16日上午8点至12点，我们对何某进行了经穴刺激感传观察，发现在多次出现自主性感传之后，从午后13点40分开始出现循经的神经血管功能改变，即循经皮丘带（皮肤隆起，如同荨麻疹一样）。皮丘消退之后，变为充血带（红线），过了15～30分钟，又变为贫血带（白线），边界虚如飞行云，宽约1 cm，与麻感带重合。上述皮疹变化每6小时重复发生一次，3月后改为3个小时重复一次，每次在半小时内即可全消退。不论刺激“少商”、“商阳”还是“中冲”，均在双肾经及左心经出现，见如图8-1-2。

During 8-12(am) of 16 May, 1973, in the process of stimulation to puncture points we observed and found after many times of autonomic PSM, starting from 13:40 (pm), the function variation of blood vessel of nerves along meridians. Those are skin“papule zone”(small skin bumps as urticaria). After diminishing, the congestive zone occurred (red line), then after 15-30 minutes, became anemic zone (white line), the edge zone with about 1 cm wide was similar to the moving cloud, which was overlapped with the numb sensitive zone. The above mentioned variation of skin rash occurred once every 6 hours. After 3 months, this phenomenon became once every 3 hours. For every time, it relieved and diminished thoroughly within half an hour. No matter what point, (point Shaoshang, Shangyang or Zhongchong) was stimulated, this effect occurred at left- right two Kidney Meridians and left Heart Meridian, shown in Fig. 8-1-2.

此种循经皮丘带现象，在解放军309医院、沈阳的医院也曾有过报道。浙江省经络研究所也发现过一例循经红线的病例，在十四经均可显现。在法国、日本、德国也有类似个例报道。这些事实证明，经络感传与植物神经系统和中枢神经系统（如丘脑）的功能活动具有密切关联 ^[1] 。

This kind of skin papule zone has been reported by The 309th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army in shenyang. In Zhejiang province, this effect of red line along meridians was also reported as one example by Meridian Institute of Zhejiang Province. This effect could be exposed along any meridian among 14 meridians. In France, Japan and Germany, the similar cases and examples have also been reported. All these facts verify that the PSM is closely related with the functional activities of autonomic(vegetative) neural system and central neural system (as thalamus) ^[1] .

8.2　病理性感传与脑的功能活动密切相关

The closed correlation between pathologic propagated sensation and the functional activities of brain

8.2.1　病理性感传与脑

Pathologic PS and brain

病理性感传主要发生在病灶部位，往往定时发生，也可因疲劳及外加刺激诱发出现。大连医学院脑内科的刘澄中教授曾观察麻胀感传者356例，他们均为中枢神经弥漫性病变和脑部占位性病变的患者，为此，他认为病理性感传与大脑皮质的病理过程及病灶对神经组织的刺激有关。

The pathologic PS mainly occurs at the location of focus and disease symptoms. It occurs frequently at the definite time, induced to occur also at tired time or stimulated time, Professor LIU Chengzhong of intracerebral department has observed 336 cases of patients having PS with numb and swelling. Those cases were all with smeared or diffused pathologic lesion of central nerves and cerebral space occupancy lesion. He pointed out that pathologic PS is related with pathologic process of cerebral cortes and stimulating neural tissues by focus (disease symptoms).

中国中医科学院的薛崇成教授等根据“幻肢感传”现象，曾提出经络现象发生在神经中枢内部的观点。他们在截肢病人身上用针刺激发生感传后，该病人仍然感到感传走到已被截去的肢体末端，因此，他们认为，没有腿，却仍然感到腿上的神经活动，意味此过程是在大脑皮质中产生的。他们在研究腰麻和持续性硬膜外麻醉者循经感传现象中也发现，腰麻后，刺激气户，多数受试者出现的感传向下传入全部感觉消失区，并继续向下传至足趾端。他们认为，循经感传的感知觉是在中枢神经系统内部发生的，这种感传只能用大脑体感区功能运动的定向扩延加以解释 ^[2] 。

Professor XUE Chongcheng et al. of China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences, according to the phenomena of“PS along magic limb”, proposed a viewpoint of that meridian phenomenon occurs in the central nerves After they stimulated puncturing on the patient who has already cut off the limb, but that patient still felt the PS had run till the terminal of his cut limb. Thus far, they, the professor et al. considered that even without limb, the patient still felt the nerve’s activities on his limb. This means that the process produced in the cerebral cortex. During the process of researching PS phenomena for the patient being treated by waist anesthesis and constraining outer anesthesis at hard membrane, they also found that after waist anesthesis, and being stimulated at point Qihu, most testees felt PS transmitted down to all the regions where the sensation had already diminished, and then propagated till the toe terminals. They considered that the sensory-perception of the PS occurs in the central neural system. This kind of PS could only be explained by the following conclusion, The directional expanding of functional movement is governed by the body-sensitive region in the cerebrum ^[2] .

8.2.2　脑震荡诱发多经麻感带及痛敏带

Numb sensitive zone and pain sensitive zone along many meridians induced by cerebral concussion

例1

循经感传显著的脑震荡病人，郑某。1975年，该病人左侧头顶被铁杆扎伤，发生脑震荡。之后每天症状发作5次。先从外伤处开始出现麻热感传，沿左侧膀胱经下传直达左小趾外侧，再以麻凉感从小趾出发，回传至左侧头部［图8-2-1（a）］。每次病理性感传出现的时候，均会伴有头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐等多种症状，连续发作约一小时便自动停止。该病人还在多经存在固定性麻感带及痛敏带，表现为：左侧三焦经、小肠经、脾经、胆经及膀胱经是固定性麻感带，右侧大肠经为麻感带，而右小肠经、心包经、胆经和膀胱经为痛敏带，右脾经为麻痛相间的反应带［图8-2-1（b）～图8-2-1（h）］ ^[1] 。

Example 1 Patient of cerebral concussion with obvious PS, ZHENG * in 1975, was traumatic hurt by iron bar on the top of head, and occurred cerebral concussion. Then, 5 times per day the following symptoms happened. Firstly, the numb and heat PS began from the hurt location, then ran downwards along Bladder Meridian to the outer aspect of the fifth toe of left foot, furthermore returned back from that toe to the left part of head with numb and feeling cool, see Fig. 8-2-1(a). While pathological PS occurred, many symptoms such as headache, head whirl, nauseated, vomiting et al., all were accompanied and continued for about one hour, then stopped automatically. The fixed numb sensitive zone and pain sensitive zone along many meridians still existed. These are expressed as the following. At left side, Triple Energizer Meridian, Small Intestine Meridian, Spleen Meridian, Gallbladder Meridian and Bladder Meridian were fixed numb sensitive zones; at right side, Large Intestine Meridian were numb sensitive zones; but at right side, Small Intestine Meridian, Pericardium Meridian, Gallbladder Meridian and Bladder were pain sensitive zone; right side Spleen Meridian was reactive zone with alternative numb-pain, see Fig. 8-2-1(b)to Fig. 8-2-1(h) ^[1] .

例2

邢某，女，46岁。于1968年左侧头部摔伤，发生脑震荡，经常出现阵发性头疼、恶心、肢体麻痛。

Example 2 XING *, female, age 46, in 1968 tumbled and hurt at head left part with cerebral concussion, and with frequent headache, nauseated and numb and pain around limbs.

1975年2月25日，进行经络检查，发现左肺经为麻感带，左大肠经为痛敏带；右肺经及右大肠经均为痛敏带；左三焦经为麻感带，两侧心经及心包经为痛敏带；左足三阴经为痛敏带；左胃经、胆经为麻感带，左膀胱经、胆经为痛敏带；右胃经为麻感带，右胆经、膀胱经为痛敏带。图8-2-2。

On 25 February, 1975 in the meridian inspection, it was found that left Lung Meridian was numb sensitive zone, left Large Intestine Meridian was pain sensitive zone; right Lung Meridian and right Large Intestine Meridian were all pain sensitive zones; left Triple Energizer Meridian was numb sensitive zone; both sides Heart Meridian and Pericardium Meridian were pain-sensitive zones; left three Foot-Yin Meridians were pain sensitive zones; left Stomach Meridian was numb sensitive zone; left Bladder Meridian and Gallbladder Meridian were numb-pain zones, right Stomach Meridian was numb sensitive zone; right Gallbladder Meridian and Bladder Meridian were pain-sensitive zones, see Fig. 8-2-2.

8.2.3　一侧激发生理性感传抑制对侧病理性反应

The physiological PS exciting at one aspect of the body to depress the pathological reaction on the opposite aspect

1975年10月19日，李定忠教授应用经络疏导仪检测郑某左侧大肠经的电导状态时。刚开通脉冲电刺激左“合谷穴”，立即引起该病人脑震荡症状发作，出现头痛、头晕、恶心等一系列症状。李教授随即取出一片磁通量为1 600 GS的磁片，贴敷其右侧“合谷穴”上，病人马上产生右侧大肠经生理性感传，7分钟传至头部，病人的脑震荡症状随即停止。与此同时，病理性感传（麻木和痛敏）也随之缓解。该现象验证了：①生理性感传对脑部病变具有调节作用；②对病理性感传（麻木和痛敏）具有抑制作用。同时证明：经络调整的左病右治的对称制约规律是客观存在的 ^[1] 。

On 19 Oct ober, 1975, while the author inspected the situation of electric conduction of left Large Intestine Meridian of ZHENG *, by switching on the meridian dredge-conducting instrument, and used electric pulses to stimulate his point Hegu, then suddenly led to happen with the patient’s former symptom, accompanied also with a series of symptoms such as headache, whirl and nausea. At this time the author stuck a magnetic piece with 1 600 Gauss magnetic field strength onto the point Hegu of right hand. Meanwhile, the physiological PS along right side Large Intestine Meridian occurred, after 7 minutes transmitted to head, and his cerebral concussion stopped at once. At the same time, the pathological PS (numbness and pain) relieved as well. This phenomenon verifies ① the physiological PS may adjust brain diseases; ② the pathological PS (numbness and pain sensation) could be depressed and relieved. The results also verify that the following law of meridian really objectively exists. The disease of left aspect could be cured by right aspect treatment governed by symmetric-restriction law of meridian regulation ^[1] .

8.3　大脑参与经络调控的科学验证

Scientific verification of brain joining in the meridian adjusting-control

8.3.1　感知觉产生于脑的整合

Sensory-perception (SP) produced by conformity and regulation of brain

在日常生活中，外界的许多刺激物作用于人的感觉器官，经过神经系统的信息加工，在人脑中产生的对该刺激物个别属性的反映就是感觉。外部世界有大量的刺激冲击人的各种感官，人们倾向于有选择地输入信息，把感觉信息整合、组织起来，形成稳定、清晰而完整的映像，并根据自己的经验把它归类，并赋予名称和意义。此种人对感觉信息的组织和解释过程就是知觉，它是对直接作用于感觉器官的事物整体属性的反映。

In the daily life, many stimulating subjects, acting onto the sensory organs via the way of treatment by nerve system form the sensation. There is a large quantity of exciting things impacting onto various sensory organs of the human body. Human body is tentative to input information selectively, conform, arrange and organize those information to form stable and clear images, then sort out them with definite names and meanings according to oneself’s experiences. The organization and explanation to sensation is just the perception (SP), which is the reflection for the global attributes from the action on to the sensory organs.

感知觉通常总是与过去经验联系在一起的，在日常生活中，单纯的感觉是不存在的（除非是新生儿或在特殊条件下），感觉信息一通过感觉器官传达到脑，知觉也就随之产生了。因此，知觉的产生是以头脑中的感觉信息为前提并且同感觉同时进行的。但知觉并不是各种感觉的简单总和，在知觉过程中，除了包含有感觉之外，还含有记忆、思维和言语活动等。

The SP is always connected with the former experiences. In the daily life, the pure sensation does not exist (except the born baby or under special conditions). Once the sensory information transmits to the brain via the sensory organs, the perception generates. Thus, the generation of perception is based on the sensory information in the brain and proceeds with the sensation simultaneously. However, the perception is not the simple sum of various sensations. In the process of perception, except sensation, there are remembrance, thinking and linguistic activities etc.

8.3.2　循经感传有大脑感知活动的参与

PCM having the participation from the activities of brain perception

几十年的循经感传研究和临床实践，使我们充分认识到大脑感知参与了经络感传的全过程。受试者或病人会亲口告诉你，感传由哪里产生，沿哪里运行，经过哪里，到达哪里，什么性质的感受，是酸麻胀痛，还是冷热跳动，都能说得清清楚楚。你问他：“你怎么能知道在哪里运行呢？”他会告诉你：“我用手一摸就知道。”甚至有多宽，有什么变化都会告诉你。你如果用针轻轻点刺皮肤，便可查出循经传导的麻感带或痛敏带的边界，说明感觉传导和大脑感知是并行的。不仅有思维和语言表达，感传还有记忆的特征。病人不仅在针刺的当时有感传，回去之后每过10分钟左右会再度出现循经感传，直到深夜入睡为止。有过敏体质的人上午进行激发感传观察之后，下午1点40分准时循经出现皮丘带、红线及白线，而且是和麻感带重合出现。此种现象每隔6小时或3小时重复出现一次。

Through tens of years to research PSM, we have sufficient knowledge about the brain perception joining in the whole process of PSM. All testee (being tested person) and patients could tell you that where the PSM generates, along what course, where propagate to, what feeling—sour, numbness, heavy, swelling, pain; cold, warm, pulsing etc. When you ask the patients how do they know, and they could clearly tell you that they know even the width and the variation of the sensation zone by hand touching. If you use the needle to prick the skin, you may check out the edge of the numbness sensation zone of the PSM. With this effect, it could be explained that the runs in parallel with the brain perception. The patient not only could express his (her) thinking with language, but also felt PSM during treatment, even after treatment 10 minutes till falling. For the person with body quality of hypersensitivity, the observation of excited PSM in the morning, then, at 1:40 pm, the“skin bump zone (as urticalia), white and red lines etc. along meridian appeared and overlapped together with numb sensation zone. This kind of phenomena appeared once per six or three hours.

事实说明，大脑的感知和外周的经络传导同行，而且有智能化的调控。由此可知，所有的经络感传现象都需有大脑与外周神经系统的参与 ^[1] 。

Those facts explain that the brain perception runs in parallel with the peripheral meridian propagation, having intellectualized regulating control as well. From this, it could be understood that all the phenomena of PSM are accompanied by participation of brain and peripheral neural system ^[1] .

8.3.3　经络治疗过程中有广泛大脑活动的参与

Participation by brain during the process of meridian therapy

大量的临床实践、临床研究及实验研究都证明，经络的智能调控与脑的功能活动密切相关 ^[2] ：

By a lot of clinical practices and experimental research, it is verified that the intellectualized regulating control of meridian is closely related with the brain activities ^[2] .

森和用正电子发射CT（PCT）（PET）成像研究发现，针刺正常志愿者一侧或双侧手三里、合谷穴时，双侧中央前回、中央后回和丘脑的局部葡萄糖代谢率明显增高；脑血管病、脑动静脉畸形术后和脑肿瘤术后针刺病人一侧手三里、合谷穴时，不但对侧中央前回，中央后回和丘脑的局部葡萄糖代谢率明显增高，而且病变区的局部葡萄糖代谢率亦比针刺前明显增高 ^[2] 。

By using CT-(PCT) (PET), i. e. positron computer tomography, Morikazu (Senhe) of Japan discovered the following. While puncturing the points Shousanli and Hegu at one lateral aspect or double lateral body aspects of a normal volunteer, the metabolism rate of local area glucose in those parts are obviously high.Those parts are: central anterior-gyri and central posterior-gyri of opposite lateral aspect of the body, and local area of thalamus. For another patient of vascular disease, after the operations of malformation of arteries-vein disease, and after the operations of cerebral tumor, while puncturing the points Shousanli and Hegu, not only the metabolism rate of local area glucose in those parts (central anterior-gyri and central posterior-gyri etc.) are obviously high, but also in the region of lesion (disease change) increased as well ^[2] .

贾少微等用单光子发射CT（SPECT）研究针刺对局部脑血流和脑功能的影响，发现针刺正常志愿者一侧合谷和曲池时，以对侧大脑额顶叶皮质、对侧丘脑、同侧基底核和双侧小脑的局部脑血流和功能增高为特点，差异非常显著（ P ＞0.01）。针刺脑血管病病人合谷和曲池穴时，除和正常志愿者所见相同外，病变区明显变小或消失，证明针刺可以增加局部脑血流量和增强脑细胞功能活动 ^[3] 。

By using SPECT (single photon emission computer tomography), JIA Shaowei et al. found while puncturing the points Hegu and Quchi at one aspect of a normal volunteer, two kinds of measured results are quite different. These measurements have obvious difference as their characteristics (P>0.01). While puncturing the points Hegu and Quchi for a patient of brain vascular disease, the region of lesion (disease change) reduced obviously or even diminished except those observed effects as a normal volunteer.From this, it could be verified that the acupuncture may increase the quantity of blood flux of brain and strengthen the functions of brain ^[3] .

刘美娟等用SPECT观察了18例缺血性脑血管病针刺前后局部脑血流的变化，其中13例（72.2%）针刺后脑血流有不同程度的增高，认为脑血流改善的主要因素与神经调节没有任何联系，要是说明通过神经调节，必须有神经电学证据，脑血流不是神经调节而是体液调节。针刺对脑血管的影响类似直接刺激颈交感神经的作用，当切断双侧交感神经后，针刺对脑血管的作用消失。实验证明，脑及交感神经参与了经络调控 ^[4] 。

LIU Meijuan et al. using SPECT observed the variation of brain blood flux in the location region in brain before and after acupuncture for 18 patients of ischemic blood vessels disease, among whom, 13 patients (72.2%) had their brain blood flux increased to some extent after acupuncture. These results show that the main improved factors of brain blood flux have nothing to do with neural adjustment, but body fluid. This is because if by nervous adjustment, then it has to have the evidence of neural electric signals.The influence of acupuncture on sympathetic nerves is similar to the acupuncture acting directly on neck vertebra. While switching off the sympathetic nerves of both aspects, the influence of acupuncture on brain blood vessels diminished. By these experiments, it is verified that both brain and sympathetic nerves participated in the adjusting control of meridian ^[4] .

在20多年前，我们与北京医院磁共振检测室的专家合作，通过应用经穴刺激后感传显著者脑血氧代谢磁共振成像技术，发现经穴有特定的脑功能定位。如刺激胃经足三里穴，颞叶海马旁回血氧代谢活动增强。穴位相同，深刺进入真皮（进针约3 cm）和表皮挑治（不进真皮）结果都相同。刺激胃经伏兔穴记录到的结果与刺激足三里穴结果一致。两穴同属胃经，体表距离虽然相差约30 cm，但脑功能变化的主要部位基本一致 ^[5] 。

About 20 years ago, cooperating with nuclear magnetic inspection division of Beijing Hospital, we found that the meridian has the specific functional location in brain, i. e. by using the technique of nuclear magnetic image to test brain blood metabolism for PSM sensitive persons. For example, while stimulating point Zusanli, the side- gyri blood- oxygen metabolism activities of temporal lobe hippocampus increased.In this case, both by using deep needling into dermis (true skin) into about 3 cm and epidermal (superficial skin) pricking not into dermis, the effects were the same. In addition, by stimulating with needles at point Futu and point Zusanli of Stomach Meridian the results were also the same. These two points all belong to the Stomach Meridian. Though the distance between these two points is 30 cm on skin, but the main variation location of the brain functional images is almost the same. ^[5]

胃经（图8-3-1）与脾经（图8-3-2）对比观测：胃经伏兔穴与脾经阴陵泉穴一表一里，相距约30 cm，针刺结果对比表明，脑功能变化图像基本一致。脑功能变化部位均在颞叶海马旁回，相关系数 r ＞0 5，证明有相关性 ^[6] 。

Comparing the observation of Stomach Meridian (Fig. 8-3-1) and Spleen Meridian (Fig. 8-3-2), we may obtain the following results. While puncturing both point Futu of Stomach and point Yinlingquan of Spleen Meridian. The distance between these two points is 30 cm, and they belong to two interior and exterior meridians respectively. The brain functional images are basically consistent with each other. The variation location of the brain functions are all at temporal lobe hippocampus sidegyri, with correlated parameter of r>0.5, and the interrelation is verified ^[6] .

胃经与肾经无所属所络关系，脾经与肾经虽均位于小腿内侧，也无所属所络关系。针刺肾经太溪穴，核磁共振检测的脑功能变化主要在基底节和侧脑室部位（图8-3-3），与脾经、胃经有明显的差别。

The Stomach Meridian and Kidney Meridian do not belong to same Meridian-collateral system and without any relationship. The punctured points of these two meridians are all at interior lateral aspects. While puncturing point Taixi of Kidney Meridian, the variation of cerebral function viewed by nuclear magnetic images mainly appeared at the location of basal node (seator) and lateral ventricles of brain (Fig. 8-3-3), by which the obvious difference between Spleen and Stomach Meridians is shown.

大脑作为神经系统的中枢，通过自主神经、躯体神经与全身各部位相连。在中医理论中，大脑作为髓之海，主要通过十四经，尤其足太阳膀胱经和督脉与整个经络体系交汇，与周身各部分相接，在人体生理代谢与功能活动过程中，起着统帅和调控的作用。所以，经络运行和调控离不开大脑生理和心理活动 ^[7-9] 。

The brain as the center of the neural system, through autonomic (botanic) nerve, trunk nerve connects with various parts of the human body. As the“sea of marrow”in TCM theory, the brain, connecting with all parts of the body mainly through six Hand-Foot Yang meridians, Conception Vessel and Governor Vessel, through 14 Meridians, especially Foot Bladder Meridian and Governor Meridian, plays the govern role to adjusting-control all the body. Thus, the meridian operation and adjusting-control could not get rid off the physiological and psychological activities of brain ^[7-9] .

大脑的生理或病理活动同时对应着机体组织多种多样的声、光、热、电磁波、振荡或粒子传输等多种理化量的变化，这些作用都是双向的。人体组织器官的生理和病理活动，也会通过多种电磁生物效应和化学效应作用于大脑，影响大脑的生理和心理活动。这是一个物质—能量传输的互动过程，是一个细胞群落进行信息交流的动态过程，也是能量影响波动和化学粒子传输的联动过程 ^[1] 。

The physiological and pathological activities of the brain accordingly correspond to many kinds of the variations of physical and chemical quantities, such as sound, light, electricity, heat, electro-magnetic waves and oscillations or particles transferring etc. All these reactions are dual-directional. The physiological and pathological activities of the tissues and organs of the human body could also act onto the brain through electro-magnetic and chemical effects to influence the physiological and pathological activities of brain. This is a mutual acting process of material-energy transmission, and is a dynamic process of communication and exchange among cell groups as well as a combined movement of energy-informationwave and chemical-particle transmission ^[1] .

8.4　经络与脑神经影像学研究

Neuro-imaging meridian effects in the human brain

针灸疗法在中国应用已有三千多年历史，正受到西方国家越来越多的重视。但是，针灸的作用机制目前还不清楚。大多数研究认为，针灸可以影响神经系统释放某些神经递质或激素因子，提示针灸是通过调制神经系统的功能而有治疗功效的。功能神经影像技术的发展，比如正电子发射断层扫描成像、功能核磁共振成像、脑电图及脑磁图等技术为研究针灸对大脑活动的影响提供了直观的检测方法。特别是近十年来，许多研究对应用功能磁共振和PET技术，以及针灸对大脑的调控作用进行了探索。

Acupuncture has been widely used in China for three millennia as an art of healing and is getting more and more attention from the Western countries. Unfortunately, its mechanisms of action are not well understood.Almost all studies hypothesize that acupuncture elicits therapeutic effects via influencing nervous function or release of neurotransmitters/hormones. A large number of studies suggest acupuncture modulates, at least partly, the activity of nervous system. The development of Functional neuroimaging technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) provide a means to monitor the neurophysiologic effects of acupuncture in the human brain Especially, during the past decade, many studies applying fMRI and PET have been performed to investigate the cerebral matrix related to acupuncture therapy.

穴位特异性是传统中医针灸理论的重要组成部分。按照传统中医理论，不同的穴位可以治疗不同的疾病。在一项考察穴位特异性的功能磁共振研究中 ^[10] ，研究者发现针刺合谷（LI4）和太冲（LR3）两个不同穴位，可以引发大脑不同的反应。针刺太冲，可以引发大脑中央后回、扣带回后部、海马旁回、BA7区、BA19区和BA41区激活，而额下回、扣带回前部和BA17区，BA18区产生负激活。针刺合谷可以引起颞区激活，而中央前回、颞上回、BA8区、BA9区和45区发生负激活（图8-4-1）。其他研究也提供了穴位特异性的支持证据。最近的一项功能核磁共振研究采用了改进的交叉因子实验设计，结果表明，针刺太冲穴（LR3）确实可以引起大脑内某些特异性脑区的激活（图8-4-2） ^[11] 。穴位的特异性不但在两个相距较远位置的穴位上可以看到，同样可以在相邻的两个不同穴位得到体现 ^[12] 。这些影像学研究为穴位特异性理论提供了直接的证据。

Acupoint specificity theory is one essential foundation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupuncture theory. According to TCM, acupuncture at specific acupoints is able to treat certain types of diseases.In an fMRI study focusing on the acupoint specificity ^[10] , they showed acupuncturing in two acupoints, LI4 and LR3, elicited distinct responding patterns. Acupuncture at LR3 evoked specific activation at the postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, BA7, BA19 and BA41, but deactivation at the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, BA17 and BA18. Acupuncture at LI4 evoked specific activation at the temporal pole, but deactivation at the precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, pulvinar and BA8, BA9 and BA45 (Fig. 8-4-1). Other data also suggest that multiple brain areas may support acupoint specificity. In a recent cross-factorial improvement fMRI study, the specific cerebral responding pattern to acupuncture at Point Taichong LR3 was confirmed, providing compelling evidence for the neuronal mechanism of acupuncture (Fig. 8-4-2) ^[11] . Acupoint specificity is not only supported by selected acupoints which were generally far-between each other, but also by two different and adjacently located acupoints ^[12] . These imaging studies provide straight evidence for supporting the acupoint specificity theory.

除了穴位特异性（这一重要问题），神经影像学研究还发现针灸对大脑呈分布式网络调控。这些分布式脑区包括第一、二感觉皮层（负责感觉信息的初步辨识和定位），边缘系统（如下丘脑，杏仁核，扣带回和海马）也参与其中 ^[13] 。综合看来，神经影像学结果为针灸对大脑皮质和皮质下结构（如脑干，边缘系统，小脑）的分布式脑区网络进行的调制提供了强有力的证据。边缘系统和脑干通常被认为是参与内源性镇痛网络的一部分。因此，针灸有可能是通过一个包括感觉系统、自主神经系统及认知功能广泛分布的网络起到镇痛作用的。

Beyond the property of acupoint specificity, neuroimaging studies also find acupuncture modulates a distributed network of brain areas. This includes primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (SI, SII), which support initial localization and early qualitative characterization of somatosensory stimuli, limbic brain regions (e. g., hypothalamus, amygdala, cingulate, and hippocampus) are also recruited. ^[13] Collectively, neuroimaging data strongly suggest that acupuncture modulates many distributed cortical and subcortical (i. e., brainstem, limbic, cerebellum) brain areas. Limbic and brainstem areas within these networks have also been demonstrated to support endogenous antinociceptive mechanisms and are part of the“pain neuromatrix”. Thus, acupuncture may exert its therapeutic effects on pain by modulating a distributed network of brain areas involved in sensory, autonomic, and cognitive/affect processing.

经络理论是针灸理论最核心的理论之一。众多的经络在体内组成经络系统，连接体表穴位和体内各个脏器，是人体运行气血、协调阴阳、联通脏腑、沟通内外、贯串上下的通路。这与神经系统呈网络式对人体生理功能进行调节相一致。其中，神经系统对生理活动的调节的规律亦与经络对脏腑的调节规律非常类似。比如，神经对感觉信息的处理及对肢体活动的调控具有交叉性，而经络对脏腑功能的调节也具有此种规律。这种现象在脑成像的结果也可以很明显地得到直接体现。比如针刺左侧太冲穴，尽管可以引起双侧视觉皮层激活，但右侧更为显著。而针刺右侧合谷穴，则左侧扣带回的响应呈现优势。

The theory of meridians is one of the most fundamental parts of acupuncture theory. There is a network of meridian channels inside the body linking to numerous acupoints located on skin and organs inside the body. The network of meridians transport Qi and blood, regulate Yin and Yang, connect the zang-organs with the fu-organs, and associate the external with the internal as well as the upper with the lower. The network distributing pattern of meridians is consistent with the neural pattern regulating human physiological functions. Especially, some principles of meridian regulation are similar to the neural regulation modes. The cross-over characteristics of neural sensory information processing and the regulation to physical actions exist in the mode of meridian regulation to zang-organs and fu-organs.Such phenomenon is displayed apparently in the cerebral responding modes to simulation at acupoints in functional imaging studies. Stimulation at left Liv3 activates, although bilateral visual cortex are activated, the opposite side visual prominently (Fig. 8-4-2). And stimulation at right LI4, the response originating from left singulate cortex is stronger than that from the right cingulate cortex.

通过对大量相关研究分析，采用功能神经影像技术对针灸机制进行研究是行之有效的。更为重要的是，脑功能成像技术为研究经络的本质提供了有力的手段，使得经络具有的一些功能特点及对脏腑调控的规律可以得到直观的显现。虽然目前也存在一些问题，比如各个研究结果的统一性不完全一致。即便如此，功能影像技术为研究经络与脑、神经的相关性提供了直接而有力的证据。

Reviewing many correlating studies, the efficiency of functional neuroimaging techniques in exploring the mechanism of acupuncture is valid. The most important, functional imaging techniques provide an effective way to explore the nature of meridians and make the rules in the meridian regulation explicit and visible. Although there are still some flaws, such as the consistence of results among respective studies is not so ideal. Whatever, functional imaging techniques pave the way for providing straight evidence of the neuronal mechanism of acupuncture.

参考文献

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