参考文献

［1］ 刘大为. 实用重症医学 [M]. 2版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社,2017.

［2］ VINCENT J L, D DE BACKER. Circulatory shock [J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 369 （18）: 1726-1734.

［3］ GOMERSALL CHARLES D, JOYNT G, CHENG C, et al. Basic Assessment and Support in Intensive Care [M]. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.

［4］ ANDREW RHODES, LAURA E EVANS, WALEED ALHAZZANI, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016 [J]. Intensive Care Medicine, 2017, 43: 304-377.

［5］ ANAND KUMAR, DANIEL ROBERTS, KENNETH WOOD, et al. Duration of Hypotension Before Initiation of Effective Antimicrobial Therapy is the Critical Determinant of Survival in Human Septic Shock [J]. Critical Care Medicine, 2006, 34 （6）: 1589-1596.

［6］ LIMA A, JANSEN T C, VAN BOMMEL J, et al. The Prognostic Value of the Subjective Assessment of Peripheral Perfusion in Critically Ill Patients [J]. Critical Care Medicine, 2009, 37 （3）: 934-938. +xDpyiyAMLXuZd4aM42GUFQjcZ4A9I7FvMgcSEuCYoggQM3T1u9OE59NmDnjYDDK