一、专四作文命题分析

前几年，全国高校外语专业教学测试办公室发布了《关于英语专业四级考试(TEM4)题型调整说明》，此后，专四的作文题型发生了变化。我们先来对比一下新旧考纲针对写作部分的要求，看看发生了哪些变化：

由以上两个表格的内容可以看出，题型调整之后，专四写作题型发生的变化还是很大的。首先，取消了Section B，即便条，考生可以不用再为专四考试而准备便条写作了。其次，测试要求的具体表述中发生了变化，旧大纲说的是“能根据所给的作文题目、提纲或图表、数据等，写一篇200个单词左右的作文”，而题型调整说明的测试要求则是“能根据所给的作文题目、图表或阅读材料等，写一篇200个单词左右的作文”，由此可见，删除了原来的“提纲”，增加了“阅读材料”，这显然是一个新的动向，而且，题型调整之后的几年，专四考试的写作均采用了材料作文的形式，这恰好反映了这一调整动向。另外，还有一个变化是考试时间由原来的35分钟增加至目前的45分钟。另外需要注意的是，近几年的专四真题写作部分对词数的要求是in NO LESS THAN 200 words，即“不少于200词”。

下面我们把2022年专四写作真题列出，供考生参考。

PART V　　WRITING　　[45 MIN]

Read carefully the following excerpt of a news report, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:

1. summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then

2. make specific suggestions as to how to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection by using the plastic bag ban as an example.

You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.

Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality: Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Excerpt

Now the trend towards banning plastic shopping bags comes in the wake of new findings regarding the extent and harm of plastic in our environment. Since plastic isn’t biodegradable, it ends up either in landfills or as litter on the landscape and in waterways and the ocean. Plastic can take hundreds of years to decompose and release toxins into the soil and water in the process.

Littered plastic is also a huge problem for the health of wildlife, as many animals ingest it thinking it is food and can have problems thereafter breathing and digesting. The non-profit Worldwatch Institute reports that at least 267 species of marine wildlife are known to have suffered from entanglement or ingestion of marine debris, most of which is composed of plastic. A recent study on the impact of litter on North Sea wildlife has found that some 90 percent of the birds examined had plastic in their stomachs.

Another reason for banning plastic bags is their burden on fossil fuel. Plastic is not only made from petroleum: producing it typically requires a lot of fossil-fuel-derived energy. The fact that the use of millions, or even billions of plastic grocery bags each year means we are drilling for or are importing millions of barrels worth of oil and natural gas for a convenient way to carry home a few groceries.

Environmental groups have continued to push for more plastic bag bans. They argue that using fossil fuel to make something so short-lived, which can blow away at the slightest breeze and pollutes indefinitely, is illogical, particularly when there is a ready alternative: the reusable bag.

由专四真题我们不难看出，题型调整后的专四写作有两个最大的变化：一是删除了Section B，二是采用了材料作文的形式，即根据英文材料就某一话题进行创作。

最近几年，专四考试写作真题的命题都采取了这种根据材料写作文的模式，这就要求我们备考时应熟悉这一题型，并多加练习，进而提升英语专四写作考试成绩。

此外，通过对最近几年新题型真题的解读，我们了解到，专四写作的难度有所增加。题型调整之前，专四考试写作真题总体上为命题类作文，或为直接命题或简单介绍某个话题，要求考生根据该话题发表自己的看法，无论是哪一种，都会明确点出文章立意，要求考生根据文章立意进行写作。题型调整后的专四写作是给出节选材料，要求考生在阅读材料后对材料进行总结，根据作文具体要求，立意作文。这一变化无疑为专四考试写作增加了一定的难度。一方面，新专四考试写作对考生的阅读能力和归纳总结能力进行了考查（作文首先要求考生阅读一则材料，需要考生具备一定的阅读理解能力，能够读懂材料，并对材料观点或主要信息进行归纳总结）；另一方面，新专四考试写作的命题形式为开放性的，考生可以根据自己对材料的理解和观点倾向性，自行选择写作角度，根据自己的理解和立场来写作，这给考生留下了更大的发挥空间，也增加了专四作文命题的灵活性。

关于专四考试作文的话题，我们对2000年以来的历年真题进行了统计：

新题型

旧题型

（注：2020年，因疫情关系，未举办专业四级考试，故表中未列出）

从真题统计来看，专四写作真题话题涉及教育、学习、环保、科技、心理健康、消费购物、文化习俗、社会生活、校园生活、娱乐休闲、运动健身、社会热点等，涵盖学校、社会、生活等方方面面，它们或与大学生生活息息相关，或与社会普遍关注的话题相关。考生在平时需多留意，多思考，形成自己对某个具体问题的看法。 Dv2Gkdd+DO8gw4do1YhPqlOtis2ddXW2xSnDgGcvqGewmNmA3HsreRCviDM7gDY+