“无话可说”是思路堵塞的表现,思路一堵塞,考场上就心慌,越心慌就越写不下去。考生可以借鉴两位中文大师的经验。梁实秋先生说他年轻时也有这种情况,他说:“我们初学为文,看题目,便觉一片空虚,搔首踟蹰,不知如何落笔。无论是以‘人生于世……’来开始,或以‘时代的巨轮……’来开始,都感觉文思枯涩难以为继,即或搜索枯肠,敷衍成篇,自己也觉得内容贫乏,索然寡味。”后来,胡适之先生告诉他:“有什么话,说什么话;话怎么说,就怎么说。”可见,面对作文题,先要想“有什么话”。
推荐方法1:随意写作法(free-writing)
即把进入你脑海的所有想法写下来,不必顾忌语法、标点、拼读。比如,此时你的脑海一片空白,你就写下“我的脑海一片空白(My mind has gone blank.)”,你觉得很疲劳,就写下“我感觉很累(I’m so tired.)”。当你写下一些不相关的东西时,有意无意中会产生一些灵感,从而打开写作的思路。
下面是随意写作的一个范例(以“电脑”为例)。
Computer. I do not know what to write about it. I’m so tired. My family has two computers. I simply… I really do not know what to say. It is all said before. My mind has gone blank. Yesterday there was a quarrel in my family because of playing games on the computer. They said I’m so absorbed in the computer, forgetting everything. Playing games is a waste of time for anyone who is trying to do something that deserves concentration. I like the Internet. It can provide me with all kinds of information. E-mail is so convenient. Some games are totally unfit for children. Many people have complained about this. Maybe it is also none of my business. There are so many programs for children. It makes computer become very interesting. I am tired of computer. Pause, but if there were no computer, what our life would become of? Oh, I am scribbling some nonsense.
这样下来,有些思路就可以成为之后写作的论点和论据。
有话说了,再想想“话怎么说”。从某种意义上来说,这就是联想与想象,没有联想与想象就没有作文。写作文时,考生不妨从以下几个方面想想:古今中外,课内课外,校内校外,家庭内外,各行各业,这样打开思路之后,各种素材就会联翩而至。
推荐方法2:自由联想法
即在写作前把与主题相关的所有念头和看法自由联系在一起的方法。这个过程也可通过图画形式表示。
例如:
推荐方法3:列单词法
即把相关的单词列出来,用作打开思路的提示,如:
●computer: a screen, keyboard
●computer manufacturer, Microsoft, Internet
●untired worker, work accurately and quickly
●advertisement on the Internet, all kinds of information
●some unhealthy games
●entertainment; informative, entertaining and instructive programs
●harm to your eyes, waste of time, negligence of one’s work or study, ruin of independence to harmonious human relations…
●be glued to computer, be crazy about TV…
●computer VS. TV, computer VS. newspaper
写作文时,一定要多动脑筋。多问几个为什么,让思维扩散开来,可以有效克服思路阻滞。这时,可用横向思维,由此及彼地想;也可用纵向思维,由表及里地想;或用逆向思维,从相反的方向想。
推荐方法4:提问题法
拿到话题不知从何写起时,不妨问自己一系列问题。这些问题都可以用“W-word以及How”来引导,如:
●What do you know about the history of computer?
●Why do people like computer?
●How long do you use the computer every day?
●What are your favourite computer games?
●What are some of the computer makers or computer brands?
●How to maintain a computer?
●Whether should computer be widely used to entertain or educate?
●How seriously has some computer affected our health?
●Why can we say that computer has ruined our independence, cut us from natural environment?
●Who should be responsible for selecting the right programs for children?