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Section 1：题型解读
问：细节题有哪几种题型？
答： 细节题常见的有五大类：第一类是wh-事实题，第二类是true/not true/except题，第三类是图表题，第四类是数字计算题，第五类是排序题。细节题的提问形式比较丰富，常见的提问形式如下（但不局限于以下提问形式，要依据具体情况进行判断）：
1．wh-事实题常见提问方式
According to...,
What do we know about...?
Which of the following...?
Who/when/where/why/how...?
2．true/not true/except题常见提问方式
Which of the following is true?
Which of the following is mentioned except...?
Which of the following is not true?
Which of the following is not mentioned?
3．图表题常见提问方式
According to the charts, ...?
Which of the four pictures below is...?
4．数字计算题常见提问方式
When...?
How much/many will...?
5．排序题常见提问方式
What's the right order of the events?
Which of the following is the correct order of...?
Section 2：技巧解密
问：细节题的常见解题方法是什么？
答： 细节题主要针对某个细节进行提问，答案一般在文中可以直接找到。通常只涉及局部的句或段，所以适合采用三步逻辑解题思路。下面我们通过图表更清晰地展示该思路的具体步骤。
细节题三步逻辑解题思路
★温馨提示： 除了与主旨有关的题型外，细节推断题、词汇题等都可以采用三步逻辑解题思路。另外，绝大部分广告类、图表类等应用文都可以采用三步逻辑解题思路。
A：wh-事实题
真题再现一
A Take a view, the Landscape （风景） Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
段落大意：
本段主要介绍了Take a view这个奖项的由来。
award: 奖项
platform：平台
annual：年度的
competition：比赛
1．Who would most probably enter for T ake a view ?
A．Writers.
B．Photographers.
C．Painters.
D．Tourists.
解析：
第一步，寻找题干或选项中的关键信息： 通读题干可知Take a view为定位关键信息。
第二步，回原文定位关键信息： 定位到本段第一句A Take a view, the Landscape Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers 可知Photographers 最有可能入围Take a view奖项。
第三步，仔细对比选项与原文，解出答案： 由定位信息可知，本题答案为 _____。
真题再现二
Access to Residential Rooms
Students are provided with a com-bination （组合密码） for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others . The fee is $25 to change a room combination.
段落大意：
本段主要讲述学生进入宿舍要有组合密码，而且密码不能告诉其他人。另外，住宿生活办公室的人如果发现密码被泄露，就会更改密码，更改费用是25美元。
resident：居住者
2．What if a student is found to have told his combination to others ?
A．The combination should be changed.
B．The Office should be charged.
C．He should replace the door lock.
D．He should check out of the room.
解析：
第一步，寻找题干或选项中的关键信息： 通读题干和选项可知told his combination to others为关键定位信息。
第二步，回原文定位关键信息： 定位到本段may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others可知，需要改变组合密码。
第三步，仔细对比选项与原文，解出答案： 由定位信息可知，本题答案为______。
B：true/not true/except题
真题再现三
Cooking Policy
Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven （微波炉） to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.
段落大意：本段主要讲述住在配有厨房的宿舍里的学生是可以做饭的，但要保持厨房的干净整洁，否则将被剥夺使用权。可以在房间里使用小型微波炉加热饭菜。
responsibility：责任
staff：员工
3．Which of the following is true about the cooking policy ?
A． A microwave oven can be used.
B． Cooking in student rooms is permitted.
C． A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.
D． Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.
解析：
第一步，寻找题干或选项中的关键信息： true/except题型的关键定位信息比较多，题干中的the cooking policy和四个选项中的主语都为关键定位信息。
第二步，回原文定位关键信息： 由第一句话中的only permitted to cook in the kitchen可知，只允许在厨房做饭，所以选项B错误。由第二句中的clean up after cooking可知，饭后要打扫干净厨房，所以可以排除选项C和D。再根据第五句With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms可知，小的微波炉是可以使用的。
第三步，仔细对比选项与原文，解出答案： 由定位信息可知，正确答案为______。
C：图表题
真题再现四
Pie Graphs
A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents 100 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.
A pie graph might include a legend, or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows one month's expense.
Amy 's June Expenses
4．Which of the following cost Amy most?
A．Food.
B．Books.
C．Movies.
D．Clothing.
解析：
本题可以由右边的图表知道，clothing是花费最多的项目，所以正确答案为______。
D：数字计算题
真题再现五
Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labors, they would earn as much as £172,000 a year. The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income £30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.
段落大意：
妈妈们的家务活和有薪水的工作一样繁重。研究表明，妈妈们的工作如果按照薪水衡量的话，可高达172000英镑一年。这比首相的年薪还要高30000英镑。
5．How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister ?
C.£30,000.
D.£142,000.
C.£172,000.
D.£202,000.
解析：
第一步，寻找题干或选项中的关键信息： 通读题干和选项可知，the Prime Minister和数字为关键定位信息。
第二步，回原文定位关键信息： 根据段落中的they would earn as much as£172,000 a year以及This would make their yearly income£30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns可知，首相的工资是£172000-£30000=£142000。
第三步，仔细对比选项与原文，解出答案： 由定位信息可知，正确答案为______。
真题再现六
It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962 , and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan.
段落大意：
1962年，巴尔的摩某个炎热的夏日，在室外做不了任何事情，公寓里面也不例外。要知道我住进有空调的房子是10年后的事了。那天我弟弟建议找个地方看电影。
6．In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner ?
A．1952.
B．1962.
C．1972.
D．1982.
解析：
第一步，寻找题干或选项中的关键信息： 通读题干和选项可知，air conditioner和数字为关键定位信息。
第二步，回原文定位关键信息： 定位到本段的This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years。
第三步，仔细对比选项与原文，解出答案： 由定位信息可知，那一年是1962年，而10年以后我们才住进一间有空调的房子。即作者是在1972年住进了有空调的房子。所以答案为______。
E：排序题
排序题分为两种：一种是局部排序题，这种排序题通常只涉及某一个段落，相对来说比较简单；另一种是全文排序题，这种题型的难度要大一些，答案通常分布在文章的多个段落甚至每个段落，寻找起来比较费时。常见的排序多为按照时间顺序排列。
真题再现七
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists . Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system that will organize the trip around the store. If you're looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.
The device also keeps a record of what you buy. When you're finished, the device figures out your bill. Then you go to the checker or place your card into a self-checkout stand and pay.
第一段大意：人们可以使用家用电脑列出购物清单。进入商店后，店员会用顾客的会员卡开启一个可以安排购物路线的电脑系统。如果要买牙签，你只要输入该单词或者在清单中选中，电脑屏幕上就会显示出你的位置和在哪里可以找到牙签。
第二段大意：这个设备还可以记录你买了什么。完成选购之后，设备会显示你的账单，然后你可以去柜台结账或去自助付款机付款。
7．Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?
a． Start the system.
b． Make a shopping list.
c．Find the things you want.
d．Go to a self-checkout stand.
A．a-b-d-c
B．b-a-c-d
C．a-c-b-d
D．b-c-a-d
解析： 本题可以采取抓住首尾的模式。通过第一段的描述可以确定第一件事是Make a shopping list，所以答案一定在B和D之中。然后通过a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system可确定第二件事情为Start the system，排除选项D，最后得出答案为______。
真题再现八
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic （过敏的） reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping （踩） on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR .
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead .
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions （按压） until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star,” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
段落大意：
本文的特点是采取了倒叙手法。
首先，第一段和第二段讲述了女孩伊莎贝拉通过踩压父亲胸部的方式，对父亲进行了急救，让父亲的心脏重新起搏，苏醒过来。
然后，第三段和第四段讲述伊莎贝拉的妈妈在拨打999急救时伊莎贝拉就意识到等医生来的话就太晚了，所以自己就开始对父亲实施急救，但由于自己的力量太小，所以才使用踩压的方式。
接着，第五段讲述伊莎贝拉的妈妈打完电话后过来接替伊莎贝拉做心肺复苏，直到救护车到来。
第六段和第七段讲到学校给伊莎贝拉颁了一个奖，而且伊莎贝拉说到妈妈教过她心肺复苏，以及妈妈对伊莎贝拉的评价。
最后两段主要讲述伊莎贝拉的爸爸星期六因为过敏反应被送去医院，回家的第二天便发生了心脏骤停的紧急情况，以及现在的康复情况。
8．What's the right order of the events?
1．Izzy kicked Colm.
2．Debbie called 999.
3．Izzy learned CPR.
4．Colm's heart stopped.
A．3-1-2-4
B．4-2-3-1
C．3-4-2-1
D．4-3-1-2
解析： 本题考查四个细节的排序，涉及全文的多个段落。根据文章的叙述，女孩以前就学会了CPR。在父亲的心脏停止跳动之后，她的母亲先拨打了999，女孩发现自己的手臂力气不够大，才用脚踩她父亲胸部的方式进行急救，故答案选______。
KEY
1．B
2．A
3．A
4．D
5．B
6．C
7．B
8．C
Section 1：真题精练
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。本章节重点练习细节题。
A
University accommodation （住所） offices
Many university accommodation offices have their own list of registered landlords （房东）. Others also provide information on accommodation agencies and other housing organization. The advantage of using your university accommodation is that you can get some support if you have a problem. The disadvantage is that they are unlikely to have enough registered landlords to house all their students.
Property papers: Loot and Renting
Loot is an important source （来源） of information about private housing for co-renters. The offers are from private landlords, agencies and individuals looking for other co-renters. They also have a website: www.loot.com. The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains. The disadvantage is that there is no quality control over the offers.
Renting is another useful paper. The offers in this paper are mainly from accommodation agencies. Their website is at www.renting.co.uk .
Accommodation agencies
The majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies. The advantage of using accommodation agencies is that you will have access to a large number of accommodations. A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation. The disadvantage is that they will make a range of charges to potential renters.
Noticeboards
Around the universities you will find a number of noticeboards where offers of accommodation will be posted. These will either be from landlords or from students. Some universities will also have online noticeboards where students can advertise to other students. Advertisements from students can be an excellent way to find accommodation. However, advertisements from landlords can be problematic.
Word of mouth
Some of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth. It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students. However, don't suppose that just because you have found out about housing from a friend it is necessarily going to be better than that found through any other source.
Family
Faced with the very high rents charged in London, some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative. In some cases this might be a good choice.
1．What is the advantage of using Loot ?
A．It has more offers from accommodation agencies than Renting .
B．It gives you personal information about other co-renters.
C．Their website is designed mainly for students.
D．There are some good bargains.
2．A good agent can help you ______.
A．know more people
B．find cheap accommodation
C．get the right accommodation quickly
D．get free information about most accommodations
3．The information passed on by word of mouth is important because ______.
A．it is better than that found through any other source
B．it helps you find some of the best housing never advertised
C．the final year students always offer better information
D．the landlords have little valuable information
4．For students going to London for the first time, which of the following provides the most reliable information?
A．University accommodation offices.
B． Loot and Renting .
C．Noticeboards.
D．Family.
B
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （装置） well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution （解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
1．What does the author think of new devices?
A．They are environment-friendly.
B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home.
D．They go out of style quickly.
2．Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A．To reduce the cost of minerals.
B．To test the life cycle of a product.
C．To update consumers on new technology.
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
3．Which of the following uses the least energy?
A．The box-set TV.
B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV.
D．The desktop computer.
4．What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A．Stop using them.
B．Take them apart.
C．Upgrade them.
D．Recycle them.
C
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical （对称的） shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues （线索）, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
1．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A．By following instructions.
B．By using a tool.
C．By turning the box around.
D．By removing the lid.
2．Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A．Using a key to unlock a door.
B．Telling parrots from other birds.
C．Putting a ball into a round hole.
D．Grouping toys of different shapes.
3．What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A．How far they are able to see.
B．How they track moving objects.
C．Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D．Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers
B．Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C．Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers
D．Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
D
The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham （LoB） will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization （数字化） of everyday life.
Set to open in 2013, the £188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.
As digital media （媒介） is important to its idea , the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.
Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning: “The aim is to mix the physical with the digital, providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”
The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.
Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual （虚拟的） LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual world's specialist. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.
Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an “enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development. And The People's Archive is an online library of figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.
Gambles says: “Technology will enable us to make the library's content and services open to citizens as never before.”
1．The underlined part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of ______.
A．the equipment
B．the project
C．the digital media
D．the physical library
2．While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can ______.
A．get a general idea of the LoB
B．meet more world-famous experts
C．learn how to put up a library building
D．understand how the specialists work on the project
3．Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens?
a. It offers better learning tools.
b. It reaches users in different ways.
c. It provides users with smart phone.
d. It allows users to enrich its material.
e. It gives non-stop physical and digital services.
A．a, b, d
B．a, c, e
C．b, c, d
D．b, d, e
4．This text is most probably taken from ______.
A．a computer book
B．a library guide
C．a project handbook
D．a newspaper report
E
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund （基金） （our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor）.
For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball—simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
1．What do the words more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The more, the better.
B．Enough is enough.
C．More money, more worries.
D．Earn more and spend more.
2．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A．Saving up for her holiday.
B．Raising money for a poor girl.
C．Adding the money to her fund.
D．Giving the money to a sick mother.
3．Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A．To try out an idea.
B．To show a parent's love.
C．To train his attention.
D．To help him start a hobby.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Take It or Leave It
B．A Lesson from Kids
C．Live More with Less
D．The Pleasure of Giving
Section 2：答案详解
A
1．解析： 根据题干信息the advantage of using Loot 定位到第二个黑标题，根据The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains可知， Loot 的优点是价格便宜，所以答案为D。
2．解析： 根据题干信息A good agent 定位到第三个黑标题，根据A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation可知，一个好的中介代理人可以按你的要求帮你找到好的房子，而且还可以帮你节省时间，所以答案为C。
3．解析： 根据题干信息word of mouth定位到倒数第二个黑标题，根据Some of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth可知，一些好的房子从不打广告，而是靠口口相传，所以答案为B。
4．解析： 通过到原文中寻找四个选项的相关信息可知，B的缺点是no quality control，C的缺点是advertisements from landlords can be problematic，D只适合some students。而A项University accommodation offices的优点是you can get some support if you have a problem，所以对于第一次去伦敦上学的人来说，A项能提供the most reliable information，故答案为A。
B
1．解析： 根据文章第一段中的That's bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things可知，过时的装置做相同的事情要消耗比新装置更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新装置更环保、节能，所以正确答案为A。
2．解析： 根据文章第二段中的To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product可知，巴比特团队研究的目的是弄清楚这些装置消耗了多少电能，所以正确答案为D。
3．解析： 根据文章最后一段中的They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，比盒式电视、液晶电视和台式电脑的耗能都要低，所以正确答案为B。
4．解析： 根据第一段中的but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style. That's bad news和最后一段中的So what's the solution...the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function可知，文章一直在建议读者不要再使用不环保、不节能的旧设备，所以正确答案为A。
C
1．解析： 根据第一段第四、五句The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut可知，戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉是通过使用“钥匙”从盒子里取出坚果的，而“钥匙”是一种工具，所以答案为B。
2．解析： 根据文章第二段第一句中的In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age可知，一岁左右的婴儿能将圆形状物放入圆孔中，由此推知一岁左右的婴儿最可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”这个任务，所以答案为C。
3．解析： 根据文章最后一段可知，后续测试的目的是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉在进行形状的选择时，是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用了触觉，所以答案为D。
4．解析： 根据首末法定位到文章第一段第一句Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old可知，本文主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉具有识别形状的能力这一话题，所以答案为D。
D
1．解析： 根据第三段中的the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies可知，its即the project，所以答案为B。
2．解析： 根据倒数第三段中的Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB可知，公众访问数字化图书馆时可以进一步了解伯明翰图书馆，所以答案为A。
3．解析： 根据第四段中的it is about giving people the right tools for learning和providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different ways可知a和b正确；根据倒数第二段中的users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material可知d正确，所以答案为A。
4．解析： 该文章主要介绍了一座在建的数字化图书馆，属于新闻报道类文章，应该是节选自报纸。综观选项，a computer book电脑书籍；a library guide图书馆指南；a project handbook工程手册；a newspaper report新闻报道，所以答案为D。
E
1．解析： 根据第一段中这两句话Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings语义上的转折可推断出，成年人不喜欢被很多东西淹没的感觉，但往往认为对孩子来说东西越多越好，所以正确答案为A。
2．解析： 根据第二段中的She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund可知，当我们承诺把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意卖一些玩具，所以正确答案为C。
3．解析： 根据第三段中的I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I de-cided to play with him with only one toy...I chose a red rubber ball以及文章最后一段中的My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us可知，作者跟儿子玩球是为了测试自己的理念是否可行，所以正确答案为A。
4．解析： 根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子如何用更少的东西生活得更充实，而第二、三段的内容是作者在孩子们身上就此理念所做出的努力和尝试，所以正确答案为C。A项“要么接受，要么放弃”、B项“从孩子身上学到教训”以及D项的“给予的乐趣”均不符合文章的主要内容。
Section 3：全文翻译
A
大学住宿办公室
许多大学的住宿办公室都有注册的房东名单，有的还提供中介机构和其他房屋机构的信息。利用你的大学住宿办公室的好处就是如果遇到住宿问题的话可以得到一些帮助。缺点是，他们不可能给所有的学生提供足够的注册房东。
地产报纸： Loot 和 Renting
Loot报纸是合租者寻找私人房屋信息的一个重要来源。信息的提供者是私人业主、中介和其他寻找合租的人。其网站是：www.loot.com。利用Loot的好处是有很好的价格优势。缺点是对信息提供者没有质量管控。
Renting报纸是另一个有用的信息来源。信息的提供者主要来自住宿中介。其网站是：www.renting.co.uk.。
住宿中介
伦敦的大多数出租房屋可能都是通过住宿中介打广告的。利用住宿中介的好处是，你可以得到大量的住宿信息。一个好的中介代理人会聆听你的需求，为你节省时间，帮你寻找合适的住房。缺点是，他们会对潜在的房客收取各种费用。
布告栏
在大学周围，你会发现很多布告栏，在那里会张贴很多住宿信息。这些信息有的来自房东，有的来自学生。一些大学还会有网上的布告栏，学生们可以在上面打广告。来自于学生的广告是寻找住房的一个很好的途径。然而，房东发布的广告可能会产生一些问题。
口口相传
伦敦有些最好的房屋是从不打广告的，而是通过一批批的学生口口相传。你有可能能从将要毕业的学生那里得到很好的住房信息。但是，不要因为房子信息是从朋友那里得到的就认为其一定会比从其他信息来源得到的信息好。
家庭
面对伦敦的高租金，一些学生和家长会考虑买房。在某些情况下，这可能是一个不错的选择。
B
我们也许认为我们有一种文化，那就是在第一次看到某种光鲜、崭新的事物时就抛弃我们的旧技术，但一项新的研究表明，当我们的旧装置过时之后，我们仍然会继续使用它们。那对环境——以及我们的钱包——来说是一个坏消息，因为这些过时的装置比做同样事情的更新的装置消耗更多的能量。
为了弄清楚这些装置使用了多少能量，纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的考利·巴比特和她的同事追踪研究了每种产品整个生命周期的环境成本——从制作它的材料被开采出来到我们停止使用这个装置。这种方法提供了一个数据，显示了自20世纪90年代早期以来家庭消耗的能量是如何演变的。装置按照一代一代分组。台式电脑、基本的移动电话和盒式电视是1992年社会的特征。1997年数码相机问世。在2007年平板电脑和电子阅读器出现之前，MP3播放器、智能手机和液晶电视在2002年进入了家庭。
然而，当我们积攒了更多的装置，我们并没有扔掉我们的旧装置。“起居室里的电视机被换掉了，安在了孩子们的房间里。而突然有一天，你家里每个房间都有一台电视机。”一位研究人员说道。电子装置的平均数量从1992年每户4台上升到了2007年的13台。我们不只是保留这些旧装置——我们还继续使用它们。根据巴比特团队的分析，旧的桌面显示器和带有阴极射线管的盒式电视机是最差的装置，在1992年至2007年期间，这些装置的能量消耗和排放的温室气体增加了一倍多。
那么解决的方案是什么呢？该团队的数据只持续到了2007年，但研究人员还探究了如果消费者们用新电子产品取代旧产品会发生什么，这些新产品不止有一个功能，比如用于文字处理和观看电视的平板电脑。他们发现在平板电脑而不是电视和台式电脑上观看更多点播娱乐节目可以将能耗降低44%。
C
戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉，一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉，已被证明具有与人类两岁幼儿相似的形状识别能力。虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外是否会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在鸟笼里时能熟练使用工具。在最近的一次实验中，研究人员给凤头鹦鹉一个装有一颗坚果的盒子。盒子的正面是透明的，有一个几何形状的钥匙孔。研究人员给了这些鹦鹉5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入正确的“钥匙”就能让坚果出来。
对人类来说，一岁左右的婴儿就能将圆形状物放入圆孔中，但是要再过一年他们才有能力把不那么对称的形状放进对应的孔洞中。这种认识到一个形状需要转到一个特定的方向才合适的能力被称为“环境参照系”能力。在实验当中，戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉在大多数情况下能够纯粹依靠视觉识别选择出合适的工具。在反复试验中，凤头鹦鹉在相似的测试中做得比猴子更好。这表明戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉在移动空间内的物体时，的确拥有“环境参照系”能力，类似于两岁的幼儿。
据研究人员称，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来进行形状的选择。
D
价值数百万英镑的新伯明翰图书馆将是城市接受日常生活数字化方式最为明显的标志。
伯明翰图书馆将于2013年开始对外开放，价值1.88亿英镑的伯明翰图书馆已经在伯明翰戏剧院附近开建并初具轮廓，与其共用一些设施。
数字媒介对于伯明翰图书馆的建设项目很重要。这一方案已经为当地许多新兴的小公司提供了新技术研究的机会。
伯明翰图书馆项目总监布赖恩·甘博斯说这是为人们学习提供正确的工具。“我们的目标是将实体的图书馆与数字化图书馆相结合，通过不同的方式提供24小时服务。更重要的是使我们能以更高的效率影响更多人。”
他说，数字化图书馆和有形的图书馆一样重要。它提供远程服务，确保永不向大众关闭。
甚至在伯明翰图书馆建成之前，公众就已经能够从网上访问虚拟的伯明翰图书馆了。伯明翰虚拟图书馆是由伯明翰虚拟世界专家巴登设计的。它不仅能让大众了解伯明翰图书馆，还能让伯明翰图书馆的工作人员在开馆前熟悉图书馆的建筑及其工作方式。
其他两个在伯明翰的小型数字化公司也参与了图书馆建设方案。Substrat是一个数码设计公司，它正在研发被称为“放大的现实”方案的项目。伯明翰图书馆发展早期的一个重要部分是使用令人激动的智能手机，而这个项目正致力于此。人民档案馆也是一个在线图书馆，它拥有由卡湖数字化公司建立的城市历史数据。它鼓励使用者们丰富材料并对材料加以评论。
甘博斯说：“科技将使图书馆的内容和服务能够以前所未有的方式向市民开放。”
E
成年人知道被物品淹没是什么样的感觉。但当涉及孩子们和他们的物品时，为什么我们会经常认为越多越好呢？好消息是，我可以帮助自己的孩子比我自己更早地学习如何用更少的东西生活得更充实。
我发现假期前是一个鼓励孩子们捐赠不太常使用的东西的好时机，而且这么做效果很好。由于我们的努力，我们的女儿乔治娅决定把一大袋玩具捐赠给一个小女孩，这个小女孩的妈妈因为生病而无法支付她的假期花费。当我们承诺把钱放入她的学校基金里时（我们上幼儿园的女儿对长大后成为一名医生这件事非常认真），她选择出售一些她不经常使用的大件物品。
几个星期以来，我一直在思考更大、更深刻的问题：我们怎么样让它成为孩子们的习惯呢？我们如何训练自己去帮助他们按照需求，使用更少的东西来生活呢？昨天我和我的儿子谢泼德坐在一起，我决定在这个问题上试验一下我的理论。我决定只和他玩一个玩具，玩到这个玩具不再引起他的兴趣时为止。我预计他对这个玩具的兴趣能维持大约5分钟，最多10分钟。我选了一个红色的橡皮球——这个玩具很简单、到处都有。我们传球，他试图将球放进自己嘴巴里，他试着拍球、滚球、坐在球上面、扔球。对他来说，这些完全足够了。不知不觉中，1个小时就过去了，到了该去吃午饭的时间了。
我们俩都沉浸在这简单的一起玩球的游戏中了。我的全部注意力都放在他身上，而他的全部注意力也在我身上。这个在一件物品上找到乐趣的小实验对我们两个都有用。
