Timberline Vegetation on Mountains

adjacent[ ə'dʒeɪsnt ]

adj. 毗连的，邻近的，接近的

close to ; lying near

【近】 near , nearb y , proximate

alpine[ 'ælpaɪn ]

adj. 高山的，阿尔卑斯山的

of or relating to high mountains

attain[ ə'teɪn ]

v. 达到，到达

to reach as an end; gain ; achieve

【近】 accomplish , achieve , gain , reach

avalanche[ 'ævəlæntʃ ]

n. 山崩，雪崩

a fall or slide of a large mass, as of snow down a mountainside

bare[ ber ]

adj. 赤裸的，无遮蔽的

without the usual covering

【近】 bald , naked , nude

birch[ bɜ:rtʃ ]

n. 桦树，桦木

any of various deciduous trees or shrubs

boundary[ 'baʊndrɪ ]

n. 界限，范围

something that indicates or fixes a limit or extent

【近】 border , borderland , frontier

broadleaf[ 'brɔ:dli:f ]

adj. 阔叶的

having broad leaves

browse[ braʊz ]

v. 吃叶，吃……上的草

to feed on leaves, young shoots; graze

cessation[ se'seɪʃn ]

n. 停止

a bringing or coming to an end; a ceasing

contribute[ kən'trɪbju:t ]

v. 有助于

to help bring about a result; to act as a factor

creep[ kri:p ]

n. 徐行，爬

A very slow rate of speed

【近】 crawl , drag , inch

deciduous[ dɪ'sɪdʒʊəs ]

adj. 落叶的

losing foliage at the end of the growing season

deformed[ dɪ'fɔ:rmd ]

adj. 畸形的，变形的

misshapen , esp. in body or limbs

diversity[ daɪ'vɜ:rsətɪ ]

n. 多样性

the quality of being made of many different elements, forms

duration[ dʊ'reɪʃn ]

n. 持续时间

the time during which something exists or lasts

【近】 span

endure[ ɪn'dʊr ]

v. 忍耐，忍受

to undergo, especially without giving in; suffer

equatorial[ ˌekwə'tɔ:rɪəl ]

adj. 赤道的，赤道附近的

of, located at, or relating to an equator

evergreen[ 'evərgri:n ]

n. 常绿树，常绿植物

a tree having foliage that persists green throughout the year

fairly[ 'ferlɪ ]

adv. 更确切地，完全地

actually; fully

frost[ frɔ:st ]

n. 霜

a deposit of minute ice crystals

graze[ greɪz ]

v. 吃草，放牧

to feed on growing grasses

herb[ hɜ:rb , ɜ:rb ]

n. 药草，香草

a seed plant

ibex[ ˌaɪbeks ]

n. 野生山羊

any of several wild goats

insulation[ ˌɪnsə'leɪʃn ]

n. 隔离，孤立

the act or process of isolating

lichen[ 'laɪkən ]

n. 青苔，苔藓，地衣

a grey, green or yellow plant-like organism

low-lying[ 'loʊˌlaɪɪŋ ]

adj. 低标高的

situated below the normal height or altitude

Makalu[ 'mʌkəˌlu: ]

n. 马卡卢峰

a mountain , 8,476 meters high

mature[ mə'tʃʊr ]

v. 使成熟，成熟

to bring to full development ; ripen

microhabitat[ ˌmaɪkroʊ'hæbəˌtæt ]

n. 微小环境

a very small, specialized habitat

moist[ mɔɪst ]

adj. 潮湿的，多雨的

slightly or moderately wet

【近】 damp , dank

moisture[ 'mɔɪstʃər ]

n. 湿气，降雨，水分

diffuse wetness; dampness; water

moss[ mɔ:s ]

n. 苔藓

any of a class (musci) of bryophytic plants

occasional[ ə'keɪʒənl ]

adj. 偶然的

happening or appearing now and then

polar[ 'poʊlər ]

adj. 两极的，极地的

of or relating to a geographic pole

prevalent[ 'prevələnt ]

adj. 普遍的，流行的

widely or commonly occurring

【近】 prevailing , widespread

profound[ prə'faʊnd ]

adj. 极深的，深奥的

thoroughgoing; far-reaching

prone[ proʊn ]

adj. 有……倾向的，易于……的

having a tendency or inclination; being likely

【近】 apt , disposed , inclined , lik ely

prostrate[ 'prɑ:streɪt ]

adj. 伏地的

lying down

ridge[ rɪdʒ ]

n. 山脊

a range of hills or mountains

rigor[ 'rɪgə ]

n. 严厉，艰苦

the fact or condition of being rigorous

satisfactory[ ˌsætɪs'fæktərɪ ]

adj. 令人满意的

giving satisfaction sufficient to meet a demand; adequate

seedling[ 'si:dlɪŋ ]

n. 秧苗，树苗

a young plant that is grown from a seed

semiarid[ ˌsemɪ'ærɪd ]

adj. 半干旱的

characterized by relatively low annual rainfall

shoot[ ʃu:t ]

n. 芽

a young stemlike growth arising from a plant

【近】 sprout

shrub[ ʃrʌb ]

n. 矮树，灌木

a woody plant of relatively low height

smother[ 'smʌðər ]

v. 使窒息，闷死

to stop the breathing of

【近】 choke , stifle , suffocate

snowdrift[ 'snoʊdrɪft ]

n. 雪堆

a mass or bank of snow piled up by the wind

snowfall[ 'snoʊfɔ:l ]

n. 降雪

a fall of snow

steppe[ step ]

n. 大草原

a vast semiarid grass-covered plain

striking[ 'straɪkɪŋ ]

adj. 惊人的，引人注目的

attracting attention or notice; dramatic

subtropics[ ˌsʌb'trɑ:pɪks ]

n. 亚热带

subtropical regions

timberline[ trmbəˌlaɪn ]

n. 林木线

tree line

transition[ træn'zɪʃn ]

n. 转变，转换

passage from one state or stage to another

【近】 change , passage , sh ift , transit

tropics[ 'trɒpɪks ]

n. 回归线，热带地区

either of the two parallels of terrestrial latitude

tundra[ 'tʌndrə ]

n. 苔原，冻土地带

a treeless area between the icecap and the tree line

twisted[ 'twɪstɪd ]

adj. 有病的，古怪的

mentally or emotionally unsound or disturbed; sick

ultraviolet[ ˌʌltrə'vaɪələt ]

adj. 紫外线的

situated beyond the visible spectrum at its violet end

universal[ ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:rsl ]

adj. 普遍的，通用的

applicable or common

【近】 common , general , generic

vegetation[ ˌvedʒə'teɪʃn ]

n. 植被，植物

the plants of an area or a region; plant life

velocity[ və'lɑ:sətɪ ]

n. 速度，速率

the rate of speed of action or occurrence

【近】 pace , spe ed , tempo

vertical[ 'vɜ:rtɪkl ]

adj. 垂直的，直立的

being or situated at right angles to the horizon; upright

【近】 perpend icular , plumb , upright

whereas[ ˌwer'æz ]

conj. 然而

while ; on the contrary sKn8sPuHvuO1t+BgFvaxlQ1dneTmsEqLQBoH2+x7bVr/4uHB4f+FiMTD7jjhy+zi