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A.冠词的使用错误
冠词分为不定冠词（a 或者an）和定冠词（the）。
a.可数名词前一般要加定冠词或者不定冠词；可数名词如果使用定冠词，要么表示一类东西，要么表示特指。否则的话，要变成复数形式。另外一种可能性是使用所有格的形式。
不可数名词则无此约束。它们意思的区别见下表。
例1：Computer is a machine for collecting，processing and presenting information.
错误：computer 是可数名词，要加冠词。
改正：The computer is a machine for collecting，processing and presenting information.
翻译：电脑是一台用来收集、处理和发布信息的机器。
例2：Government should provide students from low-income families with more support.
错误：government 一般用作可数名词，要加冠词，或者用复数governments。
改正：The government should provide students from low-income families with more support.
翻译：正确。政府应该给低收入家庭的学生提供更多帮助。
b.不可数名词一般不用定冠词，除非特指。可数名词复数一般也不用定冠词，除非特指。
例1：The education is important to one’s job prospects.
错误：education 是不可数名词，如果出现冠词，表示特指。
改正：Education is important to one’s job prospects.
翻译：教育对于一个人的工作前景是重要的。
例2：The parents tend to prefer boarding schools to day schools.
错误：因为是泛指所有的父母，所以不应该加定冠词。
改正：Parents tend to prefer boarding schools to day schools.
翻译：父母倾向于喜欢寄宿学校，而不是走读学校。
c.有一些形容词前面常加定冠词，比如说only，main，same，top。
例：People with same experience should be paid same.
错误：same 前要加the。
改正：People with the same experience should be paid the same.
翻译：经验相同的人应该工资相同。
d.序数词和形容词最高级前要加定冠词。
例1：Tourism has become the top earner of foreign currency for many countries since late twentieth century.
错误：twentieth 这个序数词前要用the。
改正：Tourism has become the top earner of foreign currency for many countries since the late twentieth century.
翻译：自从20 世纪后期开始，旅游业已经成为很多国家赚取外汇的首要手段。
例2：The cigarette is most common method of smoking tobacco.
错误：most common是形容词最高级形式，所以most前要加the。
改正：The cigarette is the most common method of smoking tobacco.
翻译：纸烟是吸食烟草的最普遍方式。
e.有一些词虽然以元音字母开头，却要用不定冠词a。如unique，university，union，European，而另一些词虽然以辅音字母开头，却要用不定冠词an，如hour，honour。
例：An university is an institution where students study for degrees.
错误：university 前不能加an。
改正：A university is an institution where students study for degrees.
翻译：大学是学生通过学习获得学位的地方。
B.名词的单复数问题
a.有一些词或者短语后面一般要加可数名词的复数形式，如a few，few，a variety of，various，other，numerous，a number of，different，one of，many，several，these。
例：Smoking cessation is one of the likely factor that contribute to the development of obesity.
错误：one of 的后面要加名词的复数形式。
改正：Smoking cessation is one of the likely factors that contribute to the development of obesity.
翻译：停止抽烟是可能导致肥胖症的一个因素。
b.有一些词后面一般要加可数名词的单数形式，如any other，another，each，neither，either。
例：Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to peer pressure but not for any other reasons.
错误：any other 后不可以加名词的复数形式。
改正：Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to peer pressure but not for any other reason.
翻译：很多十几岁的年轻人出于同伴的压力而开始抽烟，而不是因为其他任何原因。
c.有一些词或者短语后面一般要加不可数名词，如a little，little，less，much，a large amount of。
例：Little progresses have been made towards tackling poverty.
错误：little 后不能加可数名词的复数形式。
改正：Little progress has been made towards tackling poverty.
翻译：在解决贫困问题上，目前的进展甚微。
d.不可数名词没有复数形式。如information，knowledge，evidence，behaviour，news，research，waste，pollution。
例：There are evidences that rules can lead to children’s anti-social behaviour.
错误：evidence 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
改正：There is evidence that rules can lead to children’s anti-social behaviour.
翻译：有证据表明：规则会导致小孩的反社会行为。
e.有些可数名词的复数形式变化不规则，不是仅仅加s 或者es。
例：The datas are a valuable asset to the company.
错误：data本身已经是复数形式。
改正：The data are a valuable asset to the company.
翻译：数据对公司来说是一项宝贵的财产。
f.注意代词的单复数形式，代词he，she，it，one，anybody，everybody，somebody，nobody 都是单数形式，而代词they 是复数形式。
例：Anybody who does not save money for their retirement will have to accept a lower standard of living in later years.
错误：anybody是单数，而后面的代词是their。
改正：Anybody who does not save money for his/her retirement will have to accept a lower standard of living in later years.
翻译：任何不能为退休提前存钱的人都要接受晚年比较低的生活标准。
A.主谓不一致
a.动名词和不定式作主语时，谓语动词一定是单数形式。
例1：Raising standards of literacy are the government’s priority.
错误：句子的主语是raising standards，而不是standards。
改正：Raising standards of literacy is the government’s priority.
翻译：提高文化素质是政府的首要任务。
例2：To rear a child alone are challenging to any parent.
错误：句子的主语是to rear a child，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。
改正：To rear a child alone is challenging to any parent.
翻译：独立抚养一个小孩对于任何父母亲都是有挑战性的。
b.不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一定是单数形式；如果主语是“...of...”的词组，谓语的数需要和“of”之前的名词保持一致。
例：The adequacy of financial resources are crucial to the operation of a not-for-profit organisation.
错误：adequacy是不可数名词，谓语动词不应该用are。
改正：The adequacy of financial resources is crucial to the operation of a not-for-profit organisation.
翻译：资金的充足对于非营利机构的运作是至关重要的。
c.当主语后跟with，together with，coupled with，combined with，as well as，like 时，谓语动词的数跟随主语变化。
例：Overworking，combined with a poor diet，lead to physical degeneration.
错误：主语是overworking，不可数名词。
改正：Overworking，combined with a poor diet，leads to physical degeneration.
翻译：工作过度，连同不良的饮食，会导致体质下降。
d.一些代词（anybody，anything，everybody，everything，nobody，nothing，somebody，something，each，every，none）后面的谓语动词一定是单数形式。
例：Even if somebody fall sick，everything go on as usual.
错误：somebody 和everything 后的动词都应该用单数形式。
改正：Even if somebody falls sick，everything goes on as usual.
翻译：即便有人病了，一切还是照常进行。
e.there be句型中谓语动词的数跟随其后面的名词变化。
例：There is a number of countries which perform poorly in containing pollution.
错误：主语是countries，谓语动词应该用复数形式。
改正：There are a number of countries which perform poorly in containing pollution.
翻译：有不少国家在控制污染上表现很差。
f.由what，whether，how，that，where 引导的主语从句中，谓语动词常用单数形式。
例：How we cope with massive technological change in the 21st century are an interesting issue.
错误：how 引导的主语从句后的谓语动词用单数形式。
改正：How we cope with massive technological change in the 21st century is an interesting issue.
翻译：我们如何处理21 世纪的大规模技术变化是一个有趣的问题。
B.情态动词的使用错误
a.使用情态动词（can，could，must，need，may，might 等）时，需要注意它们意义上的区别。
例：Children’s confidence should be shaken if they are not given adequate support.
错误：“小孩的信心”不是“一定”被动摇。
改正：Children’s confidence can be shaken if they are not given adequate support.
翻译：小孩的信心可能被动摇，如果他们没有被给予足够的支持。
b.情态动词后面只加动词原形。
例1：This trend can persisted for years.
错误：情态动词后面一般只加动词原形。
改正：This trend can persist for years.
翻译：这个潮流能持续很久。
例2：Clothes for travel should was lightweight and practical.
错误：was的原形应该是be。
改正：Clothes for travel should be lightweight and practical.
翻译：旅游用的衣服应该轻便和实用。
c.如果情态动词后是被动语态，动词应该是be done的形式。
例：Environmental problems should be solve as soon as possible.
错误：被动语态应该是should be solved。
改正：Environmental problems should be solved as soon as possible.
翻译：环境问题应该尽快解决。
C.助动词的使用错误
a.助动词使用时需要符合下表的搭配。不难发现，当be，been，being 出现时，后接的动词不是原形，而是动词的现在分词或者过去分词形式。
例1：A country should be balance the budget each year.
错误：be 动词后不可以加balance 的动词原形。
改正：A country should balance the budget each year.
翻译：一个国家每一年都必须平衡开支。
例2：Teachers are always play an important role in formal education.
错误：be 动词后不可以加play 的动词原形。
改正：Teachers always play an important role in formal education.
翻译：老师总是要在正式教育中扮演一个重要的角色。
b.初学者需要不断参考前面的表格，确保谓语动词完整。
例：One of the many benefits of travelling overseas learning how to cope with the unexpected.
错误：这句话并没有谓语动词，learning 是现在分词，不能构成完整的谓语动词。
改正：One of the many benefits of travelling overseas is learning how to cope with the unexpected.
翻译：去外国旅行的众多好处中的一个，是学习如何处理突发事件。
c.下面是几种常用时态的区别。在雅思大作文中，很少出现过去时，主要是现在时和将来时。
例：This incident reflected the decline of team sports in today’s universities.
错误：如果是一般过去时，就意味着和现在已经没有联系和影响。
改正：This incident has reflected the decline of team sports in today’s universities.
翻译：这个事件反映了在当今大学里团体体育运动的衰落。
d.很多充当时间状语的副词或者短语提示句子的时态。
例：During the last decade，there was much discussion and controversy over the impact of global economic integration.
错误：时间状语是during the last decade，提示句子需要用现在完成时。
改正：During the last decade，there has been much discussion and controversy over the impact of global economic integration.
翻译：在过去十年里，有很多讨论和争论是关于国际经济一体化的影响。
e.has/have有可能是助动词，用于完成时；也可能是实义动词，表示“有”。
例：Obesity has a problem to many Americans for decades.
错误：has 在这里是“有”的意思，“肥胖有问题”，明显不恰当。
改正：Obesity has been a problem to many Americans for decades.
翻译：几十年来，肥胖对于很多美国人来说，都是一个问题。
A.主语一般由名词或者具备名词性质的短语、词语或者从句充当，而动词不可以充当主语
例：Give children a comfortable home environment is parents’ duty.
错误：give是一个动词，不能充当句子的主语。
改正：Parents’ duty is to give children a comfortable home environment.
翻译：父母的责任是给孩子一个舒适的家庭环境。
B.宾语一般由名词或者具备名词性质的短语、词语或者从句充当，而动词不可以充当宾语
一些动词，如continue，start，pretend，intend，attempt，decide，learn，后面经常加动词不定式作为宾语。
例：Many rural residents have decided move to cities.
错误：move是动词，不能充当decide的宾语。
改正：Many rural residents have decided to move to cities.
翻译：很多农村的居民已经决定搬到城市。
C.不及物动词和系动词没有被动语态
不及物动词后不能直接加任何名词或者名词性质的成分作宾语；如果要加宾语，则要加介词；不及物动词没有被动语态，如happen，appear，disappear，rise，emerge，occur，take place 等词都没有被动语态。
例1：The accident was similar to the one that was happened last year.
错误：happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态。
改正：The accident was similar to the one that happened last year.
翻译：这个事故和去年发生的那个类似。
例2：I disagree many points made by the supporters of globalisation.
错误：disagree 是不及物动词，不能直接加宾语points。
改正：I disagree with many points made by the supporters of globalisation.
翻译：我不同意全球化支持者所提出的很多观点。
D.有一些动词词组如consist of，belong to，take place，benefit from 也没有被动语态
例：The curriculum is consisted of core courses and optional courses.
错误：consist of没有被动语态。
改正：The curriculum consists of core courses and optional courses.
翻译：教学大纲由主课和选修课组成。
E.准系动词如seem，remain，prove，appear，look，smell，taste 等一般不用被动语态
例1：Most children are seemed to be better at remembering bad habits，instead of good ones.
错误：seem 是系动词，没有被动语态。
改正：Most children seem to be better at remembering bad habits，instead of good ones.
翻译：大部分孩子看来都比较容易记得坏习惯，而不是好习惯。
例2：Teamwork has been proven effective in improving students’ performance.
错误：prove 是系动词，没有被动语态。
改正：Teamwork has proven effective in improving students’ performance.
翻译：团队工作在提高学生表现方面已经被证明是有效的。
F.及物动词的使用错误
a.及物动词后一定要加名词或者名词性质的成分作宾语，构成主语＋谓语动词＋宾语的基本句型；否则就是错误的。
例1：I will discuss in some detail.
错误：discuss 是及物动词，后面必须有宾语，而in some detail只是状语。
改正：I will discuss this topic in some detail.
翻译：我会比较详细地讨论这个话题。
例2：In many countries，salaries remain unchanged and even reduce.
错误：reduce 是及物动词。
改正：In many countries，salaries remain unchanged and even drop.
翻译：在很多国家，收入一般不变，甚至下跌。
b.有一些及物动词后面跟宾语和宾语补足语，构成主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语的基本句型，如make，see，have，let，这些词后面跟的动词常用不加to 的动词不定式形式。
例1：Education can let young people to find jobs easily after they finish their education.
错误：to 是多余的。
改正：Education can let young people find jobs easily after they finish their education.
翻译：教育能够让年轻人在完成学业后很容易找到工作。
例2：Whether we like it or not，our families shape our lives and make us to be what we are.
错误：to be 是多余的。
改正：Whether we like it or not，our families shape our lives and make us what we are.
翻译：不管我们是否喜欢，我们的家庭决定我们的生活，让我们成为不同的个人。
c.有一些及物动词后面跟宾语和不定式，构成主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语的基本句型，如enable，encourage，allow，prompt。
例：Private sponsorship has allowed the academic community survive.
错误：allow somebody to do something 是固定表达，to不能省略。
改正：Private sponsorship has allowed the academic community to survive.
翻译：私人赞助让学术界可以生存下去。
d.有一些及物动词同时也是不及物动词，注意在语境中确定其词性。
例：Consumer confidence should improve，as it is crucial to an economic recovery.
错误：消费者信心应该是被提高。
改正：Consumer confidence should be improved，as it is crucial to an economic recovery.
翻译：消费者信心应该被提高，这对经济复苏是至关重要的。
G.介词的使用错误
a.介词不是连词，一般后面只接名词或者具备名词性质的短语或者带连词的宾语从句，因此不能加句子。比较容易被当作连词的介词（短语）有despite，in spite of，during，because of，due to，也不能加动词。
例1：Many smokers are unwilling to cease smoking despite they have knowledge of ill health effects.
错误：despite 不是although，不是连词。
改正：Many smokers are unwilling to cease smoking despite their knowledge of ill health effects.
翻译：很多抽烟者不愿意停止抽烟，尽管他们知道这有害健康。
例2：Many children depend on their parents give support.
错误：on 是介词，后面不能加句子。
改正：Many children depend on their parents’ support.
翻译：很多小孩依赖他们父母的支持。
b.to在某些情况下（如词组give rise to，contribute to，pay attention to，conform to，lead to中）作介词，需要加名词或者具备名词性质的成分充当宾语，而不是加动词原形充当不定式。
例1：Public disorder can lead to damage a country’s economy.
错误：to 是介词，后面不能加动词。
改正：Public disorder can lead to a country’s economic crisis.
翻译：社会的无秩序状态可能导致一个国家的经济灾难。
例2：There are many solutions to deal with the problem.
错误：to 是介词，后面不能加动词。
改正：There are many solutions to the problem.
翻译：这个问题有很多解决方法。
c.有一些词既可以作介词，也可以作连词（跟句子），考生需根据语境进行判断，如for，since，after，before，as。
例：Traditional buildings are desired sometimes，for the simple reason is that they are of commercial and cultural values.
错误：for 在这里是介词，不是连词，后面不能加句子，that they are...是表语从句。
改正：Traditional buildings are desired sometimes，for the simple reason that they are of commercial and cultural values.
翻译：传统建筑有时候是受人喜爱的，因为一个简单的原因——它们有经济和文化价值。
d.介词在很多情况下用法是固定的，考生除了熟背之外，好像并无他法，如aware of，damage to，preference for。
例：People have different attitudes for life.
错误：与attitude 搭配的介词一般是towards。
改正：People have different attitudes towards life.
翻译：人们对生活有不同的态度。
H.副词的使用错误
a.副词或者名词短语充当状语时，前面不能加介词。
例1：Students are more likely to do homework on the computer in today.
错误：today 作状语时是一个副词，前面不能加介词。
改正：Today，students are more likely to do homework on the computer.
翻译：学生如今更有可能在电脑上做作业。
例2：People can travel to and from duty in every day on foot or by bike.
错误：every day 作状语，前面不能加介词。
改正：People can travel to and from duty every day on foot or by bike.
翻译：人们可以每天步行或者骑自行车上下班。
b.副词几乎可以修饰所有语法成分，但是不能修饰名词或者代词，形容词只可以修饰名词或者代词。
例1：There are not easy answers to the problems facing this country.
错误：not 是副词，不能修饰名词answers，应该用具备形容词性质的no，等于not any，not one或者not a。
改正：There are no easy answers to the problems facing this country.
翻译：这个国家面临的问题没那么容易解决。
例2：A balanced diet is an integral part of a healthily lifestyle.
错误：healthily是副词，不能修饰名词。
改正：A balanced diet is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle.
翻译：饮食平衡是健康生活的重要部分。
c.副词一般很少充当表语，而只有形容词才可以。
例1：Young drivers are more possibly to have accidents than old drivers.
错误：possibly 是副词，不能作表语。
改正：Young drivers are more likely to have accidents than old drivers.
翻译：年轻的驾车者比年长的驾车者更容易出车祸。
例2：Cycling is beneficially to our health.
错误：beneficially 是副词，不能作表语。
改正：Cycling is beneficial to our health.
翻译：骑车对我们的健康是有益的。
d.副词在have/has been这个结构中一般出现在这两个词的中间。
例：The importance of education for one’s success has been long recognised in society.
错误：这里long是副词。
改正：The importance of education for one’s success has long been recognised in society.
翻译：教育对一个人成功的重要性在社会上一直都被大家认同。
A.一个完整的句子不能充当另外一个句子的主语
在这种情况下，需要将其中一个句子改成从句，或者使用形式主语it。
例1：Students receive job training is important.
错误：students receive job training是一个句子，不能充当另外一个句子的主语。
改正：It is important for students to receive job training.
翻译：学生接受工作训练是重要的。
例2：Students receive job training can become competitive in the labour market.
错误：students receive job training是一个句子，不能充当另外一个句子的主语。
改正：Students can become competitive in the labour market if they receive job training.
翻译：如果学生接受工作培训的话，他们在劳动力市场上会变得非常有竞争力。
B.连词的使用错误
a.一般来说，两个连词不能同时用在一个句子当中，典型的例子包括because和so，although和but。
例：Although the crime rate is falling in many parts of the world，but violent crimes are constantly rampant.
错误：although 和but 不能连用。
改正：Although the crime rate is falling in many parts of the world，violent crimes are constantly rampant.
翻译：虽然在世界上很多地方犯罪率在下降，暴力犯罪仍然是非常猖獗的。
b.标点符号中，分号semi-colon（；）类似于连词，而逗号comma（，）不具备连词的功能。
例：Education has been made available to more people nowadays，however，many adults have some problems with literacy and numeracy.
错误：however 是副词，不是连词，前后都是完整的句子，因此不能用逗号连接。
改正：Education has been made available to more people nowadays； however，many adults have some problems with literacy and numeracy.
翻译：如今，更多的人可以获得教育；然而，很多成年人仍然有读写和计算的问题。
c.有一些副词，如however，therefore，otherwise，thus，hence，常被误认为是连词，实际上这些词是不可以连接句子的。试看下面四个准确的句子。
句1：He studied hard； therefore，he passed the test.（分号等于句号）
句2：He studied hard.Therefore，he passed the test.（句号连接句子）
句3：He studied hard，so he passed the test.（so 是连词）
句4：He studied hard，and therefore，he passed the test.（and是连词）
例：People like to think that being on a diet is healthy，however，there is considerable evidence to the contrary.
错误：however 是副词，不能连接两个句子。
改正：People like to think that being on a diet is healthy； however，there is considerable evidence to the contrary.
翻译：人们总是喜欢认为节食是健康的；然而，有大量的证据证明这是错误的。
d.多于一个的名词、动词、形容词等出现的时候，需要使用并列连词and，but 或者or。
例1：Smoking，drinking are banned in many places of work.
错误：smoking 和drinking 都是主语，要用连词。
改正：Smoking and drinking are banned in many places of work.
翻译：抽烟和喝酒在很多工作场所都是被禁止的。
例2：More people would prefer cycling，walking if conditions were right.
错误：cycling 和walking 都是宾语，应该用连词。
改正：More people would prefer cycling or walking if conditions were right.
翻译：如果条件适当的话，更多人会喜欢骑自行车或者走路。
C.句子残缺
a.从属连词（because，although 等）一定要连接两个句子。状语从句一般是由从属连词（because，although，since，as 等）引导的。
例1：Because it is not serious.Many countries do not take any real countermeasure.
错误：because引导的是一个从句，缺一个主句。
改正：Because it is not serious，many countries do not take any real countermeasure.
翻译：因为这不是很严重，很多国家没有采取任何实质性的对策。
例2：Some countries are not able to solve environmental problems.Although these countries have realised these problems’ devastating effect.
错误：although引导的是一个从句，缺一个主句。
改正：Some countries are not able to solve environmental problems，although these countries have realised these problems’ devastating effect.
翻译：有一些国家不能解决环境问题，尽管这些国家意识到这些问题的影响。
b.完整的句子一定要有谓语。
例：Tourism has instead of agriculture as the main industry in many places.
错误：instead of 是介词词组，不能充当谓语动词。
改正：Tourism has replaced agriculture as the main industry in many places.
翻译：旅游业在很多地方已经代替农业成为支柱产业。
c.完整的句子一定要有主语。
例：In China has more than 100 million subscribers to cable television.
错误：in China 是介宾短语，不能充当主语。
改正：China has more than 100 million subscribers to cable television.
翻译：中国有超过一亿的有线电视观众。
D.名词性从句的使用错误
a.whether 和that 不能同时使用。
例：The question remains whether that it was a serious love affair or a passing fancy.
错误：whether 和that 不能同时使用。
改正：The question remains whether it was a serious love affair or a passing fancy.
翻译：这究竟是严肃的感情，还是一时的好感，这个问题仍然存在。
b.名词性从句可以用how，what，why，when，where等词引导，但不能与that 同时使用。
例：Many people do not realise that how serious environmental problems can be.
错误：that 和how 不能同时使用。
改正：Many people do not realise how serious environmental problems can be.
翻译：很多人意识不到环境问题可以多么的严重。
c.that引导名词性从句时，从句一定是完整的句子，这和定语从句有显著的不同。
例：It is widely believed that people improving efficiency by using computers.
错误：improving不是完整的谓语动词。
改正：It is widely believed that people can improve efficiency by using computers.
翻译：被广泛认可的事情是人们可以通过使用电脑提高效率。
d.和状语从句、定语从句类似，名词性从句出现时，必须要有主句，否则句子不完整。
例：The fact that education is the key to a country’s long-term success.
错误：the fact引导同位语从句，但没有主句。
改正：Government funding is supported by the fact that education is the key to a country’s long-term success.
翻译：政府的资助基于一个事实：教育是国家长期成功的关键。