◆Unit 8

calcify [ 'kælsɪfaɪ ]

常考 v. 僵化 ：to make or become inflexible and unchanging

近义 harden, indurate, ossify, petrify

举例 He didn’t calcify, but he can be said to have shrunk.

派生 calcification[ ˌkælsɪfɪ'keɪʃn ] n. 钙化，僵化

注意 该词来自化学元素钙：calcium

calculable [ 'kælkjələbl ]

常考1 adj. 可以计数或估计的 ：that can be calculated or estimated

举例 calculable odds 可数的东西

常考2 adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 ：readily relied on; dependable

近义 reliable, responsible, solid, sound, trustworthy, trusty

举例 a calculable assistant 可信赖的助手

calculated [ 'kælkjʊleɪtɪd ]

常考 adj. 精心计划的，故意的 ：made or planned to accomplish a certain purpose; deliberate

近义 considered, deliberate, intentional, premeditated

举例 It was a calculated attempt to cover up her crime.

callous [ 'kæləs ]

常考 adj. 情感冷漠的；无情的 ：feeling or showing no sympathy for others; hard-hearted

近义 cold-blooded, cold-hearted, compassionless, hard, hardened, hardhearted, heartless, obdurate, stonyhearted, unfeeling

举例 a callous indifference to the suffering of others

派生 callousness[ 'kæləsnəs ] n. 无情；冷漠；狠心

callow [ 'kæləʊ ]

常考 adj. 不成熟的，缺乏经验的 ： lacking adult maturity or experience; immature

近义 inexperienced, juvenile, green, unsophisticated, innocent, raw, unfledged

举例 a callow youth 涉世不深的毛头小子

cellular [ 'seljələ(r) ]

常考 adj. 多孔的 ：containing cavities; having a porous texture

举例 cellular rocks 多孔的岩石

注意 cellular 也有“细胞的”意思。

calumniate [ kə'lʌmnɪeɪt ]

常考 v. 诽谤，恶意中伤 ：to make maliciously or knowingly false statements about

近义 asperse, backbite, defame, malign, slander, slur, tear down, traduce, vilify

举例 Do not calumniate good people, otherwise you will be punished.

calumnious [ kə'lʌmnɪəs ]

常考 adj. 诽谤的，中伤的 ：containing or implying calumny; slanderous or defamatory

近义 defamatory, detractive, injurious, invidious, scandalous, slanderous

举例 Virtue itself escapes not calumnious strokes.—Shakespeare

即使是美德，也逃不掉诽谤中伤。——莎士比亚

派生 calumny[ 'kæləmnɪ ] n. 诽谤，污蔑

camaraderie [ ˌkæmə'rɑ:dərɪ ]

常考 n. 友情 ：goodwill and lighthearted rapport between or among friends; comradeship

近义 comradeship, familiarity, fellowship, friendliness

举例 the loyalty and camaraderie of the wartime Army

camouflage [ 'kæməflɑ:ʒ ]

常考1 n./v. 伪装，掩饰（通过伪装或与周围环境融为一体的） ：the method or result of concealing personnel or equipment from an enemy by making them appear to be part of the natural surroundings ；to conceal

举例 The military vehicle was camouflaged.

军车被伪装起来了。

常考2 n./v. 掩饰（通过曲解或其他手段） ： to conceal , usually through misrepresentation or other artifice

近义 disguise, dissemble, dissimulate, mask, masquerade

举例 camouflaged their hatred with professions of friendship Hj1VWPZWAat5E+/JNoGA4cSXgTh0+h3tfWbnV8rKDUbmJUvfKwOJ0rGYGzctGgtZ