◆Unit 8

benefactor [ 'benɪfæktə(r) ]

常考 n. 赠送者；捐助者 ： one that confers a benefit especially one that makes a gift or bequest

近义 backer, contributor, friend, patron, sponsor, supporter

举例 In his old age he became a benefactor of the arts.

他晚年成了一个艺术赞助人。

beneficial [ ˌbenɪ'fɪʃl ]

常考 adj. 有益的，有利的 ：conferring benefits; conducive to personal or social well-being

近义 advantageous, benefic, beneficent, benignant, favorable, good, helpful, profitable, propitious, salutary, toward, useful

举例 vitamins which are beneficial to our health 对我们健康有益的维生素

beneficiary [ ˌbenɪ'fɪʃərɪ ]

常考1 n. 受惠者（接受好处的人） ：one that benefits from something

举例 I am the beneficiary of her generosity.

我是她的慷慨的受益人。

常考2 n. （遗嘱、保险、退休金等的）受益人 ：the person designated to receive the income of a trust estate

举例 the beneficiary of trust fund 信托基金的受益人

benevolent [ bə'nevələnt ]

常考 adj. 乐善好施的 ：characterized by or suggestive of doing good

近义 altruistic, beneficent, benign, benignant, good, goodhearted, kind, kindhearted, kindly

举例 The company has proved to be a most benevolent employer.

benign [ bɪ'naɪn ]

常考1 adj. 和蔼的；温和的 ：of a kind and gentle disposition

近义 altruistic, beneficent, benevolent, benignant, good, goodhearted, kind, kindhearted, kindly

举例 They are normally a more benign audience.

他们通常观看时比较温和。

常考2 adj. 没有危害的，温和的 ：showing gentleness and mildness ; a benign substance or process does not have any harmful effects

举例 We’re taking relatively benign medicines and we’re turning them into poisons.

常考3 adj. 良性的，非恶性的 ：of no danger to health ; not recurrent or progressive; not malignant

举例 It wasn’t cancer, only a benign tumor.

这不是癌症，只是良性肿瘤。

派生 benignity[ bɪ'nɪgnɪtɪ ] n. 温和；善举；善行；仁慈

bent [ bent ]

常考1 n. 倾向，爱好 ：a tendency, disposition, or inclination

近义 bias, cast, disposition, leaning, partiality, penchant, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, proneness, propensity, squint, tendency, trend, turn

举例 The natural bent of my mind was to science.

我生来爱好科学。

常考2 n. 才能；天赋 ：a special inclination or capacity ; talent

近义 aptitude, aptness, faculty, flair, genius, gift, head, instinct, knack, talent, turn

举例 Having a decided bent for languages, he picked up Italian in no time.

bequeath [ bɪ'kwi:ð ]

常考 v. 遗留给，传下去 ：to pass (something) on to another ; hand down

近义 hand down, hand on, pass (along or on), transmit

举例 bequeathed to their children a respect for hard work 把崇尚努力工作的精神传给他们的孩子

bequest [ bɪ'kwest ]

常考 n. 遗赠，遗产 ：the act of giving, leaving by will , or passing on to another

举例 The church here was left a bequest to hire doctors who would work amongst the poor.

这个教堂接收到一笔遗产，可以用来聘请医生为穷人治病。

berate [ bɪ'reɪt ]

常考 v. （愤怒并长时间地）批评或指责 ：to rebuke or scold angrily and at length

近义 scold, denounce, impugn, decry, condemn, reproach, castigate, reprove, reprimand, reprehend, rebuke, censure

举例 She might have taken the opportunity to berate scientists for their closed minds.

bereft [ bɪ'reft ]

常考1 adj. 失去……的 ： deprived of something

近义 abandoned, derelict, deserted, desolate, forlorn, forsaken

举例 They are bereft of their dignity.

他们被夺去了尊严。

常考2 adj. 缺少的（某些需要或希望的东西） ： lacking something needed or expected

近义 bankrupt, bare, barren, destitute, void

举例 Today’s graduates seem keenly aware that the future is bereft of conventional expectations.

现在的毕业生似乎敏锐地认识到了未来缺乏旧有的期望。 chCqKyVTQLxMrM8egOe01bGRcqAsDTuY7+s2/8j0SUfovU2MDR+uNDkfiW63o+tM