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常考1 adj. 反对的，敌对的 ：acting or serving to oppose; antagonistic
近义 adversarial, antagonistic, antipathetic, opposed, opposing, oppositional
举例 adverse criticism 反对的批评
常考2 adj. 不利的，有害的 ：contrary to one’s interests or welfare; harmful or unfavorable
近义 disadvantageous, negative, unadvantageous, unfavorable, unsatisfactory, untoward
举例 adverse drug effects 有害的药效
常考 n. 逆境，厄运 ：a state, condition, or instance of serious or continued difficulty or adverse fortune
近义 haplessness, misfortune, unfortunateness, unluckiness, untowardness
举例 He showed courage in adversity.
他在逆境中表现出勇敢。
常考1 v. 拥护；主张 ：to speak, plead, or argue in favor of; support
近义 back, champion, endorse, get behind, plump for, recommend, side with, stand behind, stand by, support, uphold
举例 Mr. Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business.
威廉斯先生是个保守派，主张政府应减少对商业的控制。
常考2 n. 倡导者，支持者 ：one that supports or promotes the interests of another
近义 exponent, champion, expounder, proponent, supporter
举例 an advocate of peace 和平支持者
派生 advocacy[ ] n. 拥护
常考 n. 美学；审美学 ：the formal study of art, especially in relation to the idea of beauty
举例 The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of aesthetics, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.
常考 adj. 和蔼可亲，易于与人交谈的 ：being friendly , amiable and at ease in talking to others
近义 amiable, amicable, cordial, genial, congenial
举例 Mr. Brooke is an extremely affable and approachable man.
派生 affability[ ] n. 和蔼可亲
常考 adj. 相关类似的；隶属的 ： closely associated with another typically in a dependent or subordinate position
近义 related, agnate, akin, allied, cognate, connate, connatural, consanguine, kindred
举例 the United Nations and its affiliated organizations 联合国及其附属机构
派生 affiliation[ ] n. 密切联系，隶属关系
常考 n. 相似；熟悉 ：if you have an affinity with someone or something, you feel that you are similar to them or that you know and understand them very well
近义 likeness, alikeness, analogy, comparison, resemblance, semblance, similarity, simile
举例 He has a close affinity with the landscape he knew when he was growing up.
常考 v. 断言；确认 ：to assert (as a judgment or decree) as valid or confirmed
近义 aver, avouch, avow, declare, depose, predicate, profess
举例 Everything I had accomplished seemed to affirm that opinion.
派生 affirmative[ ] adj. 肯定的，确定的
常考 v. 折磨 ：to inflict grievous physical or mental suffering on
近义 agonize, anguish, curse, excruciate, plague, rack, scourge, smite, strike, torment, torture
举例 Italy has been afflicted by political corruption for decades.
常考 adj. 富裕的 ： generously supplied with money, property, or possessions; prosperous or rich
近义 flush, moneyed, rich, wealthy, opulent, wealthy
举例 an affluent country 一个富裕的国家
派生 affluence[ ] n. 丰富，富裕