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小结

正如我们看到的,出于各种现实利益的考量,老一代东南亚政治精英有意压制了国内的反日情绪。本着经济理性的基本原则,日本的历史问题被简化为战争赔偿问题。1977年,随着日本政府宣布所有战争赔偿执行完毕,所谓的“血债”就这样得到了强制性的解决,至于两个民族或国家在历史认知上的差异,似乎并不是一个十分要紧的问题。在很多领导人看来,未来的合作才是当务之急。但是,东南亚国家这种“务实”的态度,却极大地减小了日本在历史问题上所面临的国际压力。在没有深刻反省的前提下,日本轻而易举就实现了与东南亚国家“和解”,这样的经历无疑助长了其错误的历史观,使日本右翼看到了逃脱历史罪责的可能。

时间推移,当老一代东南亚人逐渐逝去,随他们而去的还有战争带来的历史创伤。20世纪90年代初,爱国主义教育运动在中国大陆大范围开展起来,1995年民政部批准了第一批100处爱国主义教育基地,战争记忆就这样在一次次参观活动中、在历史课本中、在影视作品里,不断向新一代传递。而对于东南亚的年轻一代而言,发生在祖辈之间的战争则显得遥远又陌生,作为美国的盟友以及一个拥有和平宪法的国家,日本似乎并不构成什么切实的威胁,倒像是一个不错的邻居。

参考文献

中文文献

黄滋生、何思兵:《菲律宾华侨史》,广东高等教育出版社2009年版。

姜帆:《蒙巴顿对战后初期缅甸政局的影响》,《南洋问题研究》2013年第2期。

金应熙:《菲律宾史》,河南大学出版社1990年版。

晋林波:《日韩“冷战”的原因与影响》,《国际问题研究》2015年第6期。

周杰:《战后初期日本对东南亚“赔偿外交”的策略变化分析》,《浙江师范大学学报》(社会科学版)2007年第5期。

[澳]芭芭拉·沃森·安达娅、伦纳德·安达娅:《马来西亚史》,黄秋迪译,商务印书馆2010年版。

[澳]米尔顿·奥斯本:《东南亚史》,郭继光译,商务印书馆2012年版。

[澳]史蒂文·德拉克雷:《印度尼西亚史》,郭子林译,商务印书馆2014年版。

[英]D.G.E.霍尔:《东南亚史》,商务印书馆1982年版,下册。

英文文献

Goto,Ken'ichi, Tensions of Empire Japan and Southeast Asia in the Colonial and Postcolonial World ,Ohio:Ohio University Press & Singapore University Press,2003.

Gunn,Geoffrey C.,“Remembering the Southeast Asian Chinese Massacres of 1941-1945”, Journal of Contemporary Asia 37,No.3,2007.

He,Yinan, The Search for Reconciliation Sino - Japanese and German - Polish Relations since World War Ⅱ,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009.

Lee,Kuan Yew, From Third World to First The Singapore Story 1965-2000 ,New York:Harper Collins Publishers,2000.

Reynolds,E.Bruce, Thailand ' s Secret War OSS SOE and the Free Thai Underground During World War Ⅱ,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004.

Seekins,Donald M.,“Japan's Aid Relations with Military Regimes in Burma,1962-1991:The Kokunaika Process”, Asian Survey 32,No.2,1992.

Singh,Bhubhindar,“ASEAN's Perceptions of Japan:Change and Continuity”, Asian Survey 42,No.2,March/April 2002.

Strefford,Patrick,“How Japan's Post-War Relationship with Burma Was Shaped by Aid”, Asian Affairs 41,No.1,2010.

Sudo,Sueo, The International Relations of Japan and Southeast Asia Forging a New Regionalism ,New York:Routledge,2002.

Thang,Leng Leng,and S.K.Gan,“Deconstructing‘Japanisation’:Reflections from the‘Learn from Japan’Campaign in Singapore”, New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 5,No.1,2003.

Wai,Keng Kwok,“Justice Done?Criminal and Moral Responsibility Issues in the Chinese Massacres Trial Singapore,1947”,Yale University,2001.

Yew,Lee Kuan, The Singapore Story Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew ,Singapore:Times Editions Pte Ltd,1998.


[1] Geoffrey C.Gunn,“Remembering the Southeast Asian Chinese Massacres of 1941-1945”, Journal of Contemporary Asia ,Vol.37,No.3,2007,pp.274,83.

[2] Ken'ichi Goto, Tensions of Empire Japan and Southeast Asia in the Colonial and Postcolonial World ,Ohio:Ohio University Press & Singapore University Press,2003,p.228.

[3] Lee Kuan Yew, The Singapore Story Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew ,Singapore:Times Editions Pte Ltd,1998,p.53.

[4] Goto, Tensions of Empire Japan and Southeast Asia in the Colonial and Postcolonial World ,p.227.

[5] Donald M.Seekins,“Japan's Aid Relations with Military Regimes in Burma,1962-1991:The Kokunaika Process”, Asian Survey ,Vol.32,No.2,1992,p.254.

[6] Patrick Strefford,“How Japan's Post-War Relationship with Burma Was Shaped by Aid,” Asian Affairs ,Vol.41,No.1,2010.

[7] Yinan He, The Search for Reconciliation Sino - Japanese and German - Polish Relations since World War Ⅱ,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009.

[8] 本段内容参考了Patrick Strefford,“How Japan's Post-War Relationship with Burma Was Shaped by Aid”, Asian Affairs ,Vol.41,No.1,2010。

[9] Donald M.Seekins,“Japan's Aid Relations with Military Regimes in Burma,1962-1991:The Kokunaika Process”, Asian Survey ,Vol.32,No.2,1992,p.250.

[10] Kuan Yew Lee, From Third World to First The Singapore Story 1965-2000 ,New York:Harper Collins Publishers,2000,p.503.

[11] 本段内容参考了E.Bruce Reynolds, Thailand ' s Secret War OSS SOE and the Free Thai Underground During World War Ⅱ,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004,pp.8,12。

[12] E.Bruce Reynolds, Thailand ' s Secret War OSS SOE and the Free Thai Underground During World War Ⅱ,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2004,p.376.

[13] Bhubhindar Singh,“ASEAN's Perceptions of Japan:Change and Continuity”, Asian Survey ,Vol.42,No.2,March/April 2002,p.282.

[14] Leng Leng Thang and S.K.Gan,“Deconstructing‘Japanisation’:Reflections from the‘Learn from Japan’Campaign in Singapore”, New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies ,Vol.5,No.1,2003,p.91.

[15] Leng Leng Thang and S.K.Gan,“Deconstructing‘Japanisation’:Reflections from the‘Learn from Japan’Campaign in Singapore”, New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies ,Vol.5,No.1,2003,p.93.

[16] Sueo Sudo, The International Relations of Japan and Southeast Asia Forging a New Regionalism ,New York:Routledge,2002,p.54. 1VbMUDmrRV4kmMk58hdNJKGGbl/Cl3KzqU23AyqxQolIxn98DsrSg4HxtjFgvYur

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