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You want a formula for success? Take two Jews who have just been fired, add an Irishman who just walked away from a bankruptcy and an Italian running a no-name investment banking firm. Add—then subtract—Ross Perot. Lease space from a shrinking discount chain, fill a space the size of a football field full of hardware (and a few hundred empty boxes), and you’ve got a company.
At least that’s the way we did it.
■ ■ ■
The creation of The Home Depot began with two words in the spring of 1978: “You’re fired!”
Twenty years ago, we were two out-of-work executives. Our situation was not a lot different than millions of others who were shown the door. We had little in the way of capital and faced some daunting personal and legal challenges as we tried to get our careers back on track.
In our early years, we lived on the edge, with no balance sheet and a lack of financing. It took great romancing to establish the vendor base necessary to open and maintain the broad product selection for which we quickly became known. We were always pushing boundaries beyond where our industry’s conventional wisdom suggested we could go.
And it paid off: In just twenty years, our company, The Home Depot, has multiplied exponentially from four stores in Atlanta to 775 stores, 160,000 associates, and $30 billion in sales. Almost all of our growth has come from internal expansion and very little through acquisition. How did we and our associates do it?
Building The Home Depot was a tough, uphill battle from the day we started in a Los Angeles coffee shop shortly after we were fired. No one believed we could do it, and very few people trusted our judgment. Or they trusted our judgment, but just didn’t think the whole concept of a home improvement warehouse with the lowest prices, best selection, and best service was going to work. They certainly didn’t realize that what we were planning would turn out to be a revolution in the retail business.
While we want to tell the story of The Home Depot because it’s a great entrepreneurial tale, our larger goal is to convey what we learned along the way about customers, associates, competitors, growing a business, building a brand, and many other topics everyone in business needs to know.
We’re two regular guys from similar modest personal backgrounds and religious orientation who were given a strong drive to succeed by our respective parents. The values that form the core of The Home Depot’s business philosophy are bigger than one person. They developed from our families as well as from key business experiences in the early days of our careers.
This book is the story of that virtually unparalleled growth and the values and culture that nourished it.
But we’re not a company that’s just about numbers. The numbers are important as a measure of our success. But we’ve attained them because of a culture that is agile and flexible enough to change direction as quickly as events demand it. When something isn’t working in our stores, we don’t keep doing it the wrong way simply because the rules say to do it that way. Instead, we do it the right way and change the rules. We do things because they’re the right things to do for our customer.
A set of eight values has been our bedrock for the past twenty years. Although they were not put in writing until 1995, these values—the basis for the way we run the company—enabled us to explode across the North American landscape and will be the vehicle for reaching our ambitious goals in the international marketplace.
We’re only as good as our people—especially the men and women working in our stores every day. If the front line isn’t absolutely committed to the cause, we can’t win. That’s why we believe a sure way of growing this company is to clearly state our values and instill them in our associates. Values are beliefs that do not change over time; they guide our decisions and actions. They are the principles, beliefs, and standards of our company. We call this process of enculturation “breeding orange.”
In summary, we care about the customer and we care about each other. As you’ll see throughout this book, our values are not platitudes that are dead on arrival on a lobby wall plaque, but are the spine that shapes the way we do business. These are The Home Depot’s core values, although they are so universal that they should apply to every company:
Our values empower people to be their best. If we can implant a value system that lets them apply their basic goodness and ingenuity to The Home Depot and its customers, that’s all we need to succeed. That will allow them to do all the right things without us having to constantly tell them.
Nobody loves a company. A company is just a sign. Nobody loves brick and mortar.
These values are our company. They are our belief system, and we believe in them as much today as we did when the first Home Depot stores opened in June 1979. Without them, we’re no different than our competition. Our competitors could copy them just as they’ve copied our stores, products, and merchandising ideas. But they would have to believe in the ideas underlying these values to make them effective, and that’s a tough step to take.
The Home Depot—and other companies, such as Wal-Mart—have helped create a consumer revolution through low prices and wider availability of products that was unimaginable twenty years ago. Many of the products now offered by The Home Depot were either too expensive or available only through contractors. Contractors could only get them from distributors or wholesalers and, after all of the markups, many home improvement projects were beyond the means of many middle-class people. Who would have thought that today an average person could walk into a store and buy a complete designer kitchen for $3,000 and get the knowledge to install it at no extra cost? We helped create a market of male and female “weekend warriors” who confidently glide from project to project—and call on us for assistance whenever they hit a rough spot.
In 1981, before we went public, Bernie made speeches locally in the Atlanta area, where we are based. Standing before 400 members of a local Rotary Club, he asked, “How many people consider themselves real do-it-yourselfers?” He described a DIYer as someone who owned power saws, electric drills, etc., or who could change a light fixture. How many, he asked, could repair a toilet themselves rather than call a plumber? “A do-it-yourselfer is somebody who really can do those things,” he said.
Out of 400 people, maybe 20 raised their hands.
In 1997, he made another speech to the same group and asked the same question. This time, only 15 out of 450 people did not raise their hands. We had changed America.
■ ■ ■
Our employees, customers, and investors all want to hear the story of The Home Depot. “Tell us how it started,” they ask. Every colorful detail, every unforgettable, crazy character. When we do store visits, they ask endless questions about the early days of the company. They want to hear what happened, even the most familiar of business legends, in our own words.
Naturally, we enjoy telling these stories. But what’s even more important to us is sharing what is learnable and transferable from our experience. For example, while we are still busy on a day-in, day-out basis as cofounders and senior executives, The Home Depot is not a cult of personality. One of our greatest accomplishments is hiring a cadre of people who are smarter than we are and who will one day run this business without us—even better than we did—and not miss a beat.
That’s a vital issue to us. Because somewhere around the opening of the 300th Home Depot store a few years ago, we realized there would now be Home Depot stores that we would never visit in person, associates we would never shake hands with or personally welcome aboard.
For people like us who started the business and personally tagged and shelved merchandise and took care of customers in our first stores, to think that today we are opening up stores that we will never see is a scary thought. It is a sobering thought. That speaks to the growing size of the company and the importance of passing on what we know to others.
That raises another issue: It’s one thing to have corporate values, but another thing to communicate them. When we had four stores, it was easy. We knew everyone by name and saw them on an almost daily basis. But with 761 stores and 160,000 associates, the challenge is much more complex. We can’t control everything that goes on in that many stores. But our values are the magic of The Home Depot. By consistently and emphatically teaching and enculturating them through the ranks of managers and on to the people working in the stores, we know that each and every one of these 160,000 folks will take care of the customer and each other. The rest takes care of itself.
So as you read, we hope you’ll pick up a few ideas for building your own business along the way.
Finally, there may come a day twenty years from now when we will want to go back and remember the truth about The Home Depot. That’s the real reason we wrote this book. So we can sit rocking on a porch swing and say to each other, “My God, is that what happened? What a story that was; is it true?”
It is; every word of it. Cross our hearts and swear to bleed orange.
B
ERNIE
M
ARCUS
A
RTHUR
B
LANK
Atlanta, Georgia
November 1998