List of Illustrations
Illustrations in the Text
Jacques-Louis David, sketches of Napoleon, 1797. Musee d'Art et d'Histoire, Palais Masséna, Nice. Photograph: Giraudon / Bridgeman Images
Baron Dominique Vivant-Denon, title page of ‘The Description of Egypt’, 1809. Photograph: akg-images / Pietro Baguzzi
Charles-Joseph Minard, Graph to illustrate the successive losses in men of the French army in the Russian Campaign of 1812–13, pub. 1869. Photograph: © Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris
Sèvres Manufactory after Antoine Denis Chaudet, Bust of Emperor Napoleon I, 1806. Bibliothèque Marmottan, Boulogne-Billancourt, Paris. Photograph: Giraudon / Bridgeman Images
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Colour Plates
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Andrea Appiani the Elder,
Napoleon I Bonaparte
, 1796. Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan. Photograph: De Agostini Picture Library / © Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana–Milano / Bridgeman Images
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Léonard-Alexis Daligé de Fontenay,
The Casa Bonaparte in Ajaccio
, 1849. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée des châteaux de Malmaison et de Bois-Préau) / Jean Schormans
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Caricature of Paoli and Bonaparte, from the atlas of a student named Vagoudy,
c
. 1785. Photograph: Archives Nationales, Paris
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Louis-François Lejeune,
The Battle of Lodi
,
c
. 1804. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Daniel Arnaudet / Gérard Blot
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Baron Antoine-Jean Gros,
Napoleon on the Bridge at Arcole
, 1796. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Gérard Blot
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Louis-François Lejeune,
The Battle of the Pyramids
, 1806. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Gérard Blot
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Baron Antoine-Jean Gros,
Napoleon visiting the wounded at Jaffa
, 1804 (detail). Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée du Louvre) / Thierry Le Mage
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I. Helman and J. Duplessi-Bertaux after Charles Monnet,
The Coup d’état of 18 Brumaire 1799
, published 1800. Photograph © Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris
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François-Xavier Fabre, portrait of Lucien Bonaparte. Photograph: The Art Archive / Napoleonic Museum Rome / Gianni Dagli Orti
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Jean-Baptiste Wicar, portrait of Joseph Bonaparte, 1808. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Fontainebleau) / Gérard Blot
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Baron François Gérard, portrait of Marie-Laetitia Ramolino (detail), 1803. Photograph © RMN-Grand Palais (musée des châteaux de Malmaison et de Bois-Préau) / Daniel Arnaudet / Jean Schormans
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Salomon-Guillaume Counis, portrait of Marie-Anne Elisa Bonaparte, 1813. Photograph © RMN-Grand Palais (musée du Louvre) / Gérard Blot
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Charles Howard Hodges, portrait of Louis Bonaparte (detail), 1809. Photograph: © Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
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Baron François Gérard, portrait of Hortense de Beauharnais. Private collection. Photograph: Bridgeman Images
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Robert Lefèvre, portrait of Pauline Bonaparte, 1806. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Droits réservés
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Baron François Gérard, portrait of Caroline Murat, 1800s. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Palais Fesch, Ajaccio. Photograph © RMN-Grand Palais / Gérard Blot
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François Kinson, portrait of Jérôme Bonaparte and his wife Catarina of Württemberg. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Franck Raux
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Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, portrait of the Empress Josephine,
c
. 1809. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée des châteaux de Malmaison et de Bois-Préau) / Daniel Arnaudet / Gérard Blot
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Andrea Appiani the Elder, portrait of Eugène de Beauharnais, 1810. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée des châteaux de Malmaison et de Bois-Préau) / Daniel Arnaudet / Jean Schormans
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Nécessaire
of the Empress Josephine, made by Félix Remond. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée des châteaux de Malmaison et de Bois-Préau) / Gérard Blot
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Baron Antoine-Jean Gros,
Napoleon as First Consul
. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais / Gérard Blot
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French School,
Allegory of the Concordat
, 1802. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Photograph: Bridgeman Images
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Louis Charon after Poisson,
Costume of a Member of the Institut de France
,
c
. 1802–10. Private collection. Photograph: Archives Charmet / Bridgeman Images
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Jean-Baptiste Greuze, portrait of Jean-Jacques de Cambacérès. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais / Agence Bulloz
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Andrea Appiani the Elder,
Louis-Charles-Antoine Desaix reading the order of General Bonaparte to two Egyptians
. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Gérard Blot
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Baron François Gérard, portrait of Jean Lannes. Private collection. Photograph: Giraudon / Bridgeman Images
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Henri-François Riesener (after), portrait of Jean-Baptiste Bessières, 1805. Photograph © Paris–Musée de l'Armée, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / image musée de l'Armée
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Anne-Louis Girodet De Roussy-Trioson, portrait of Géraud Christophe Michel Duroc. Musée Bonnat, Bayonne. Photograph © RMN-Grand Palais / René-Gabriel Ojéda
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French School, caricature of William Pitt the Younger and King George III observing the French squadron, 1803. Musée de la Ville de Paris, Musée Carnavalet, Paris. Photograph: Giraudon / Bridgeman Images
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Copy by Mudie of a Napoleonic medal celebrating the planned invasion of Britain, 1804. Photograph © Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford
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Jean-Baptiste Debret,
The First Distribution of the Cross of the Légion d'Honneur, 14 July 1804
, 1812. Photograph © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Droits réservés
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Jacques-Louis David, study of Napoleon crowning himself Emperor,
c
. 1804–7. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée du Louvre) / Thierry Le Mage
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Baron François Gérard
, The Battle of Austerlitz, 2 December 1805
, 1808. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Droits réservés
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Pierre-Michel Alix after Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, portrait of Marshal Louis-Alexandre Berthier, 1798. Photograph © Paris–Musée de l'Armée, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Pascal Segrette
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Flavie Renault after Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, portrait of Marshal André Masséna, 1834. Photograph: © Paris–Musée de l'Armée, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / image musée de l'Armée
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Baron François Gérard, portrait of Marshal Michel Ney,
c
. 1805. Photograph: © Christie's Images
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Louis Henri de Rudder, portrait of Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult (detail). Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Franck Raux
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Tito Marzocchi de Belluchi, portrait of Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout (detail), 1852. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Gérard Blot
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Raymond-Quinsac Monvoison, portrait of Nicolas-Charles Oudinot as he appeared in 1792. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Daniel Arnaudet / Jean Schormans
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Robert Lefèvre, portrait of Marshal Charles-Pierre-François Augereau (detail). Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Droits réservés
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Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, portrait of Joachim Murat (detail). Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée du Louvre) / Jean-Gilles Berizzi
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Edme Bovinet after Jacques-François Swebach,
The Battle of Jena, 14 October 1806
. Photograph: JoJan
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George Dawe, portrait of Field Marshal Prince Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher,
c
. 1816. The Wellington Museum, Apsley House, London. Photograph: Bridgeman Images
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W. Herbig, portrait of King Frederick William III of Prussia (detail). The Wellington Museum, Apsley House, London. Photograph: Bridgeman Images
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Jacques-Louis David,
Napoleon I in Imperial Costume
, 1805. Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais / Philipp Bernard
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Jean-Antoine-Siméon Fort,
The Battle of Eylau, 8 February 1807
. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Droits réservés
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Thomas Naudet,
The Battle of Friedland, 1807, c
. 1807–12. Photograph: Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library, Providence, RI
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Adolphe Roehn,
The Meeting of Napoleon I and Tsar Alexander I at Tilsit, 25 June 1807
. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Franck Raux
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Baron François Gérard, portrait of Tsar Alexander I,
c
. 1814. Musée Cantonal des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne. Photograph: akg-images / André Held
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Baron François Gérard, portrait of Désirée Clary. Photograph: Alexis Daflos. The Royal Court, Sweden
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Jean-Baptiste Isabey, portrait of Pauline Fourès. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée du Louvre) / Droits réservés
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Ferdinando Quaglia, portrait of Giuseppina Grassini. Photograph: De Agostini Picture Library / A. Dagli Orti / Bridgeman Images
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Pierre-Auguste Vafflard, portrait of Marguerite Weimer (Mademoiselle Georges), 1805. Photograph © Collections Comédie-Française / P. Lorette
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Jean-Baptiste Isabey, portrait of Countess Maria Walewska. Collection of the Patrimoine Comte Colonna-Walewski. Photograph Fine Art Images / Heritage Images / Scala, Florence
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Mayer & Pierson, Photograph of Comte Alexander Colonna-Walewski. Photograph: © Musée d'Orsay, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Patrice Schmidt
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Pierre-Paul Prud'hon (attr.),
Portrait of a Lady said to be Éléonore Denuelle de la Plaigne with her son
, 1814. Private collection. Photograph © Christie's Images / Bridgeman Images
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Jean-Baptiste Isabey, portrait of Anne Hippolyte Boutet Salvetat (Mademoiselle Mars), 1819. Photograph: © By kind permission of the Trustees of the Wallace Collection, London.
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Albine de Montholon. Photograph: Roger-Viollet / Topfoto
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Sèvres Manufactory, spindle vase owned by Madame Mère, depicting Napoleon crossing the Alps at the Great St Bernard pass, 1811. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée du Louvre) / Droits réservés
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François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter, Bernard Poyet and Agustin-François-André Picot, the imperial throne of Napoleon for sittings of the Legislative Body, 1805. Photograph: © Les Arts Décoratifs, Paris / Jean Tholance. Tous droits réservés
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Henri Auguste, the Emperor's Nef, 1804. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Fontainebleau) / Jean-Pierre Lagiewski
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French School,
The Construction of the Vendôme Column
,
c
. 1803–10. Musée National du Château de Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison. Photograph: Giraudon / Bridgeman Images
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Henri Courvoisier-Voisin,
The Palais de la Bourse
,
c
. 1826. Musée de la Ville de Paris, Musée Carnavalet, Paris. Photograph: Giraudon / Bridgeman Images
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Claude François de Méneval. Photograph: Mary Evans Picture Library / Epic
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Lemercier, portrait of Baron Agathon-Jean-François Fain. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris. Photograph: Roger-Viollet / Topfoto
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Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes,
A heroic feat! With dead men!
, illustration from
The Disasters of War
, pub. 1863. Photograph: Index / Bridgeman Images
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Adolphe Roehn,
Bivouac of Napoleon on the battlefield at Wagram during the night of 5–6 July 1809
(detail). Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Gérard Blot
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Baron Antoine-Jean Gros,
The Meeting of Napoleon and Francis II after the Battle of Austerlitz, 4 December 1805
(detail). Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Daniel Arnaudet
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Sir Thomas Lawrence, portrait of Prince Clemens Metternich (detail), 1815. Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 2014. Photograph: Bridgeman Images
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Sir Thomas Lawrence, portrait of Carl Philip, Prince Schwarzenberg, 1819. The Royal Collection © 2014 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Photograph: Bridgeman Images
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Baron François Gérard, portrait of the Empress Marie Louise, 1810. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée du Louvre) / Hervé Lewandowski
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Baron François Gérard, portrait of the King of Rome. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Fontainebleau) / Daniel Arnaudet / Jean Schormans
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Josef Lanzedelli the Elder, portrait of Adam Albert von Neipperg (detail),
c
. 1810. Photograph: © Stadtverwaltung, Schwaigern
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Antoine Charles Horace Vernet after Étienne-Alexandre Bardin,
Uniforms of a line infantryman and second flagbearer
, illustration from the Bardin Regulations. Photograph: © Paris–Musée de l'Armée, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Pascal Segrette
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Christian Johann Oldendorp,
View of the Kremlin during the Burning of Moscow, September 1812
. Photograph: De Agostini Picture Library / M. Seemuller / Bridgeman Images
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Faber du Faur,
On the Road, Not Far From Pneva, 8 November 1812
, illustration from
Blätter aus meinem Portefeuille, im Laufe des Fel
,
c
. 1830s. Photograph: Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library, Providence, RI
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V. Adam (after),
The Berezina Passage
. Brown University Library, Providence, RI. Photograph: Bridgeman Images
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Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, portrait of Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Périgord (detail), 1817. Purchase, Mrs Charles Wrightsman Gift, in memory of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, 1994. Accession Number: 1994.190. © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
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French School, portrait of Joseph Fouché. Photograph © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Gérard Blot
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Studio of Baron François Gérard, portrait of Charles-Jean Bernadotte, 1811. Photograph © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Gérard Blot
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Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin, portrait of Marshal Auguste de Marmont, 1834. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Gérard Blot
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Anon.,
Napoleon bidding adieux to his army, in the court of the castle of Fontainebleau, 20 April 1814
. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Photograph: Roger-Viollet / Topfoto
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George Cruikshank,
The Flight of Bonaparte from the field of Waterloo Accompanied by his Guide
, 1816. Private collection. Photograph: The Stapleton Collection / Bridgeman Images
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Count Louis-Joseph-Narcisse Marchand,
View of Longwood
(detail), 1820. Photograph: © RMN-Grand Palais (musée des châteaux de Malmaison et de Bois-Préau) / Gérard Blot
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Anon., portrait of Napoleon during his last weeks in St Helena. © Bodleian Library, Oxford (Curzon Atlantic a1 folio 19)
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Charles Joseph Hullmandel after Captain Frederick Marryat,
Napoleon Bonaparte laid out after Death
, 1821. Photograph: Wellcome Library, London