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第三节
Ⅱ类错 的早期干预

Ⅱ类错 进行早期干预的时机很重要,Araújo和 Buschang认为出现以下 3 种情况需要进行早期干预:①患者存在心理问题;②前牙外伤风险增加;③高角。尤其是出现前两种情况时,早期干预很有必要 [1]

一、上颌前突,伴随开唇露齿

过度唇倾的上颌前牙容易受到外伤,继发上颌骨骨骼发育异常。

解决方案:上颌 2×4 片段弓技术,配合口外弓(图2-15)。

1.上颌 2-2 粘托槽,0.012″、0.014″、0.016″、0.018″镍钛丝,过渡到 0.018″不锈钢丝。

2.0.018″不锈钢丝在上颌第一磨牙近中做欧米加曲,0.25mm结扎丝向后结扎,配合使用口外弓(图 2-16~图2-18)。

对于上颌前突早期矫治后的保持很重要,矫治后如果上颌尖牙尚未萌出,可使用Grace肌功能矫治器(图 2-19)保持。如果上颌尖牙已经萌出,则不需要额外保持。

二、下颌后缩

有些原则得铭记在心:①如果错 畸形原因在上颌,这个病例好做;如果错 畸形主要在下颌,这个病例不好做。②临床遇到的下颌后缩,如果是高角,矫治效果不理想;如果是均角或者低角,使用功能矫治器导下颌向前,会有不错的效果。当然,前提是患者自身要有足够好的骨骼生长潜力。功能矫治到底有没有效果,目前还没有肯定的答案。貌似我们只能做好那些能自己长好的病例。我们只能去除影响骨骼正常生长的错 畸形或者肌肉的异常影响因素。最终,骨骼的生长还要看患者自身的潜力。

有两种方案矫治下颌后缩。

1.斜导。肌激动器或者双 垫矫治器(twin jblock)等功能矫治器引导下颌向前(图 2-20、图 2-21)。具体适应证和使用方法,请参见Ⅱ类早期矫治章节。

2.来自著名的德国颅 面生长发育理论:上颌是鞋,下颌是脚。如果我们穿一双小鞋,走路的时候,脚位于鞋的后方;如果我们穿一双大鞋,走路的时候,脚位于鞋的前方。同理,如果上颌牙弓狭窄,咬合会使下颌靠后,如果扩大上颌牙弓,咬合能引导下颌向前。临床上,对于很多的替牙期下颌后缩的病例,可以上颌扩弓,通过“鞋拔子”(foot inshoe)效应(图 2-22),引导下颌向前。

图 2-15 上颌 2×4 片段弓

图 2-16 在上颌第一磨牙近中做欧米加曲

图 2-17 用 0.25mm结扎丝在欧米加曲上向后结扎

图 2-18 口外弓

图 2-19 Grace保持

图 2-20 斜导

图 2-21 Twin Block

图 2-22 “鞋拔子”效应示意图

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