06 奥地利如何培育未来人才？

经合组织称，奥地利适应全球数字化的速度低于可比国家。大公司正与大学合作提高下一代的数字化技能，为其从事尚不存在的全新工种做准备。

全文共 756 个词，by Valerie Hopkins

Ali Mahlodji is trying to prepare the next generation of Austrians for jobs that do not yet exist. The company he founded eight years ago, Whatchado, helps match jobseekers with companies and informs first-time would-be employees about careers they may not have learnt about in school.

阿里·马洛吉（Ali Mahlodji）正努力让奥地利的下一代做好准备迎接目前尚不存在的工作。他 8 年前创立的Whatchado公司帮助求职者与企业进行匹配，并向初入职场的职员介绍他们在学校或许未曾了解的职业。

Mr Mahlodji, a former teacher who came to Austria as a refugee from Iran 35 years ago, grounded the company in his experiences as a young man. Before dedicating himself to start-ups, he had held more than 40 jobs, from cleaning floors, project managing at a corporate technology company, to teaching at a high school.

马洛吉曾是一名教师，35 年前，他作为一名伊朗难民来到奥地利，基于自己年轻时的经历，马洛吉创立了这家企业。在创业前，他做过 40 多份工作，从清洁地板、在一家企业技术公司做项目管理、到担任一名高中老师。

“Sixty-five per cent of children entering primary school today will end up working in completely new job types that don’t yet exist,” says Mr Mahlodji, citing a 2017 study by the World Economic Forum.

“今天上小学的孩子有 65%会在将来从事目前并不存在的全新工种。”马洛吉说，他引用了世界经济论坛（World Economic Forum）2017 年的一份研究报告。

That is why, more recently, he founded a new company, FutureOne, as an interface between large companies, students and teachers, as educators and businesses plan for a more digitally oriented future.

这就是为什么最近他创立了一家名为FutureOne的新公司，将其作为大公司、学生和教师之间的接口，目前，教育工作者和企业正在为一个越发以数字化为导向的未来做部署。

While the nature of work is changing all over the world, Austria, he says, has been particularly slow to adapt.

马洛吉表示，虽然世界各地的工作性质都在改变，但奥地利适应这种形势的速度却特别缓慢。

“Austria’s education system is still the same as 100 years ago, teaching students things that won’t necessarily give them the tools they need in their hands for their later careers,” he argues.

他认为：“奥地利的教育体系仍和 100 年前一样，教授学生的知识技能不一定能提供他们所需的、在日后职业生涯中用得上的工具。”

While Austria’s real GDP per capita last year was the seventh-highest in the EU, the country “is adapting to the global digitalisation frontier at a slower pace than in comparable countries”, the OECD reported last year. The club of mostly rich nations also found that the availability of digital skills in Austria’s population trailed that of its western European peers.

经合组织（OECD）去年报告称，虽然奥地利去年的实际人均国内生产总值（GDP）位列欧盟（EU）第七，但该国“正以低于可比国家的速度适应着全球数字化前沿”。这个主要由富裕国家组成的俱乐部还发现，奥地利人的数字技能水平落后于西欧其他国家。

Digitalisation was identified as a primary goal of the government in 2019, but one that has been interrupted by the pandemic, which has presented the country with its highest level of unemployment since the winter of 1952-53, according to the Austrian Institute of Economic Research （WIFO）.

奥地利经济研究所（WIFO）表示，数字化在 2019 年被该国政府确定为一项主要目标，但这一目标却因新冠大流行而中断，这场疫情使该国失业率达到了 1952 年至 1953 年冬季以来的最高水平。

That is due, in part, to a mismatch of jobs and technology skills. Austria trails comparable European countries,including Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands and the UK, in the “diffusion of ICT and the use of digital technologies”, especially in the business world, according to a WIFO study.

某种程度上，这是因为工作与技术技能不匹配。WIFO的研究显示，奥地利在“信息与通信技术的普及和数字技术的使用”上落后于瑞典、丹麦、荷兰和英国等欧洲国家，尤其是在商业领域。

Large companies are teaming up with universities to improve digital skills among the next generation of workers.

大公司正在与大学合作，提高下一代工作者的数字化技能。

Mondi, the world’s largest kraft paper and paper bag producer, has about 10 per cent of its employees in Austria. It has partnerships with the Vienna University of Economics and Business and the Graz University of Technology to train young talent in business and science.

全球最大的牛皮纸和纸袋生产商Mondi约有 10%的员工在奥地利。该公司与维也纳经济和工商管理大学（Vienna University of Economics and Business）及格拉茨技术大学（Graz University of Technology）建立了伙伴关系，以培养商业和科学领域的青年才俊。

The company has also focused on bringing innovation consultants to its factories and plants in Austria, says the group’s HR director Michael Hakes.

该集团人力资源总监迈克尔·哈克斯（Michael Hakes）表示，该公司还专注于为其在奥地利的工厂与厂房引进创新顾问。

While more people, including women and older workers have joined the labour market in recent years, many jobs have been filled by migrants or workers commuting across borders, according to the OECD.

经合组织表示，虽然近年来越来越多的人，包括妇女和年长工作者进入了劳动力市场，但许多工作岗位都是由移民或跨国界通勤的劳动者填补的。

In 2019, the Paris-based organisation found that the proportion of migrants among the total number of people employed in Austria had continued to rise since the early part of the past decade. The OECD also projected that immigration could help offset the effects of an ageing population.

2019 年，这家总部位于巴黎的机构发现，自过去 10 年初以来，移民在奥地利就业总人数中的比例持续上升。经合组织还预测，移民有助于抵消人口老龄化的影响。

However, Austria’s centre-right chancellor has taken a hard stance on immigration, clamping down on programmes assisting recent migrants with language and assimilation.

然而，奥地利的中右翼总理在移民问题上立场强硬，取缔了为最近移民到奥地利的人提供语言与同化帮助的项目。

Since January, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz’s Austrian People’s party has governed with the Greens — a coalition that includes the country’s first minister from a migrant background, justice minister Alma Zadic.

今年 1 月以来，奥地利总理塞巴斯蒂安·库尔茨（Sebastian Kurz）领导的奥地利人民党一直与绿党（Greens）联合执政——这一联盟中包括了该国首位有移民背景的部长：司法部长阿尔玛扎迪奇（Alma Zadic）。

But the coalition agreement includes stricter anti-migration controls. In an interview earlier this year, Mr Kurz said: “If we do not control who is allowed to come we will not be able to live in security... and we will not be able to keep our identity.”

但结成联合政府的协议包括更严格的反移民管控。在今年早些时候的一次访问中，库尔茨表示：“如果我们不控制谁能来奥地利，我们就无法安全地生活……也将无法保持我们的民族认同。”

Mr Hakes says Mondi, which uses Austria as a regional hub for its central and eastern European operations, was “reliant” and “appreciative” of migrant labour.

哈克斯表示，Mondi将奥地利作为其中东欧业务的区域枢纽，是“依赖”并“感激”移民工人的。

“We are looking for diversity, not only about gender but also nationality... If you have grown up in a different culture that is always good, that creates new ideas, new ways of working,” he says.

他表示：“我们寻求多样性，不仅仅在性别上，也在民族上……如果你成长于另一种良好的文化，那将会创造出新想法、新的工作方式。”

As the economy rebounds, Mr Mahlodji believes teaching technical skills and versatility are more important than ever.

随着经济复苏，马洛吉认为教授技术技能和多种才艺比以往任何时候都更为重要。

“During the corona crisis in Austria, we saw that the labour market and the education system were not brought up to speed to help people adapt to changes... and how to recreate themselves in uncertain times.”

“奥地利爆发新冠危机期间，我们看到劳动力市场和教育体系没有跟上速度帮助人们适应变化……以及如何在不确定的时期重塑自我。”

Mr Hakes says the coronavirus crisis will drastically reshape the labour market, and while it will present some difficulties, there are also opportunities.

哈克斯表示，新冠危机将彻底重塑劳动力市场，虽然这将带来一些困难，但也存在一些机会。

“It took a pandemic to finally make the workplace about people,” he says. “During this pandemic we have seen that dramatic change is not only possible but that it can happen within weeks or days.”

“经历了一场大流行之后，职场才终于有了人情味。”他说。“疫情期间，我们已看到巨变不仅可能发生，而且可能在几周或几天内发生。”

He adds: “Bigger changes are possible in the future if we find the right way of explaining it and taking our people with us.”

他补充道：“如果我们能找到正确的解释方法并对我们的员工不离不弃，未来可能会发生更大的变化。” tUY23LBnJXCipUKwi9J68NiwNIs7ccArvMMOXPlEpSfv1BPgGYnY6Wld+ZClL6oT