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第一节
脑动脉系统

一、颈外动脉

颈外动脉在甲状软骨上缘水平处起于颈总动脉,相当于第三、四颈椎间盘的高度。先在颈内动脉前内侧,再向前弯上行,而转向上后,经二腹肌后腹及茎突西骨肌深面,穿腮腺实质或深面,行至下颌骨髁突颈部内后方,分为上颌动脉与颞前动脉两终支。主要分支有:甲状腺上动脉,舌动脉,面动脉,咽升动脉,枕动脉,耳后动脉,上颌动脉,颞浅动脉(表5-1,图5-1,图5-2)。

表5-1 颈外动脉及其分支血管

续表

1.颈总动脉 commom carotid artery;2.颈内动脉 internal carotid artery;3.甲状腺上动脉 superior thyroid artery;4.舌动脉lingual artery;5.面动脉 facial artery;6.上颌动脉 maxillary artery;7.下牙槽动脉 inferior alveolar artery;8.脑膜中动脉middle meningeal artery;9.颞浅动脉 superficial temporal artery;10.颞浅动脉额支 frontal branch of superficial temporal artery;11.颞浅动脉顶支 parietal branch of superficial temporal artery;12.耳后动脉 posterior auricular artery;13.枕动脉 occipital artery;14.颞深动脉 deep temporal arteries;15.颊动脉 buccal artery;16.上牙槽后动脉 superior posterior alveolar;17.颈外动脉 external carotid artery;18.咽升动脉 ascending pharyngeal artery

图5-1 颈外动脉及其分支血管

1.颈外动脉 external carotid artery;2.甲状腺上动脉 superior thyroid artery;3.面动脉 facial artery;4.下唇动脉 inferior labial artery;5.内眦动脉 angular artery;6.枕动脉 occipital artery;7.耳后动脉 posterior auricular artery;8.颊动脉 buccal artery;9.上颌动脉 maxillary artery;10.颞浅动脉 superficial temporal artery;11.颞浅动脉顶支 parietal branch of superficial temporal artery;12.颞浅动脉额支 frontal branch of superficial temporal artery

图5-2 颈外动脉及其分支血管铸型 xNAka5astsZ4jmB8dxYr8IHrSoCmq/w94RHc6QuwD2SuHLo0v4CwIUR/hYtb/YRc

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