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中药炮制技术流派历史悠久、内容丰富、具有鲜明的地方特色。由于全国各地的药材资源、用药习惯、文化传统等多方面的差异，使不同地区的炮制技术各具特色，同时各地的大批中医师和药工，也在中药材加工炮制方面荟萃了各自的独特技艺，形成了不同的炮制技术流派。全国主要的中药炮制技术流派，根据区域位置的不同大致可以归纳为：江西的樟帮、建昌帮，四川的川帮和北京的京帮等，现将上述传统流派的发展简要概述如下。
樟帮发源于我国江西省樟树市，为全国中药炮制的主要流派，距今有1800多年的历史，其炮制加工自成体系，在国内外享有较高的声誉。因此，有“药不过樟树不灵”之说。
公元233年（东吴嘉禾二年）至公元244年，葛玄（公元164—244年）在樟树东南的阁皂山炼丹11年。在炼丹的水土选择、药物药性疗效识别、鉴定、加工炮制等方面积累了丰富的经验，是樟树中药材加工炮制的创始人。唐代大批学者慕名来阁皂山学道炼丹、学医、采药行医，或兼营“药圃”。
宋代樟树医药取得了很大的发展，州府均设有官办药局，出售各种成药，私人经营的药铺不断增加，经樟树运转的药材日益频繁，樟树药业贸易进一步发展。南宋时期樟树镇已经形成“药市”。
Chapter One Summary of the Development of Traditional Schools of PCHM
PCHM technology has a long history，rich content，and distinctive local characteristics.Due to the differences in medicinal materials，medication habits，cultural traditions，and other aspects across the country，the processing technology in different regions has its characteristics.At the same time，a large number of Chinese medicine practitioners and medical workers gathered in various places and gathered their unique skills in processing，forming different processing technology schools.The main schools of TCM processing technology in China can be roughly summarized as Zhang Society in Jiangxi province，Jianchang in Jiangxi province，Chuan Society in Sichuan province，and Jing Society in Beijing.The development of the above-mentioned traditional schools is briefly summarized as follows.
Section One The Origin and Development of Zhang Society
Zhang Society originated in Zhangshu city in Jiangxi province in China.It is the main school of TCM processing with a history of more than 1800 years.Its processing system has a high reputation both at home and abroad.Therefore，there is a saying that “ The medicine would not be the best effect if it’s not coming from Zhangshu”.
From A.D.233（the second year of Jiahe，Easten Wu）to A.D.244，GeXuan（A.D.164-244）made elixir on Gezao Mountain，southeast of Zhangshu city for 11 years.He had accumulated rich experience in the selection of water and soil in alchemy，as well as the identification of medicinal properties and medicinal effect，identification，and processing.He was the founder of PCHM in Zhangshu.In the Tang Dynasty，a large number of scholars came to Gezao Mountain to learn Taoism and alchemy，to study medicine，collect herbs and practice TCM，or to run a “Chinese medicine garden” concurrently.
The medication of Zhangshu made great progress in the Song Dynasty.The state government set up a government-run medicinal affair，selling a variety of Chinese patent medicines.Private drug shops continued to increase.The medicinal materials operated by Zhangshu became more frequent，and the trade in Zhangshu pharmaceutical industry was further developed.During the Southern Song Dynasty，Zhangshu Town had formed a “drug market”.
明代樟树药业空前兴盛，樟树镇有“药码头”之称。由于樟树药材品种齐全、炮制精良，樟树药材贸易范围逐渐扩大到长江、珠江流域，成为南方药材集散中心，这是形成“药不到樟树不齐”的重要因素之一。
清代初期，樟树药市出现空前兴旺，随着药业竞争的出现，全国各地药商渐渐形成帮派。樟树药商也结合成帮，即“樟帮”，并且以人数众多、经营独特、管理严密著称。樟树药工在长期的继承和实践中，总结整理古人中药炮制经验及各派成就，将药物性能与临床紧密结合，开创了“樟帮”独特的炮制风格。
2013年，樟树被中国中药协会授予“中国药都”荣誉称号。
建昌药业的起源，得益于东晋时期医药学家葛洪和唐代一些道教人士在南城县（古称建昌府）的医药活动。因此，建昌药业的起源至少可追溯到晋代。
宋代袁燮为建昌撰写的《建昌军药局记》载有“若古先民，念斯民受病之苦也，非药不去。而药之为性，有温、有热、有寒、有平，其品不一，于是乎名之曰君、曰臣、曰使、曰佐，而为制之方，精切微密，毫发不差，随其病而施之。而罔市利者，辄欲以琐琐私意而增损剂量之可乎……若夫较计纤悉，急于牟利，药不及精，与市肆所鬻无别”。说明到宋代时建昌人已讲求药物质量和药效精良，能够改变药性、制备药物，可有目的性地使用药物以适应临床治疗的需要。因此，从宋代时起讲求药物质量和药业信誉便已成为建昌药业发展的方向。
In the Ming Dynasty，the medicine industry of Zhangshu was unprecedentedly prosperous，and Yushu Town was known as the “Yao Matou（dock of medicine）”.Due to the complete variety and excellent processing of medicinal materials in Zhangshu，the scope of the trade of medicinal materials in Zhangshu has gradually expanded to the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins，becoming the distribution center of southern medicinal materials.This was one of the important factors for the formation of “In Zhangshu there has the most complete range of medicines”.
In the early Qing Dynasty，the drug market of Zhangshu flourished unprecedentedly.With the emergence of competition in the medicine company，the competition was becoming more and more fierce，the medical schools were formed gradually.There was a unique school in Zhangshu，which was called “Zhang Society”.“Zhang Society” was famous for its large number，unique processing operation，and strict management.In the long-term inheritance and practice，pharmaceutical workers in Zhangshu summarized and sorted out the processing experiences and achievements of different schools from ancients times，closely combining the medicinal properties with clinical practice，and created the unique processing style of “Zhang Society”.
Zhangshu was awarded the honorary title of “Chinese Medicine Capital” by the China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2013.
Section Two The Origin and Development of Jianchang Society
The origin of the Jianchang medicine industry was due to the medical activities of Ge Hong，a medical expert in the Eastern Jin Dynasty，and some Taoists in the Tang Dynasty in Nancheng County（called “Jianchang Prefecture” in ancient time）.Therefore，the origin of the Jianchang medicine industry can be traced back at least to the Jin Dynasty.
The Records of Jianchang Military Medicine Bureau written by Yuan Xie in the Song Dynasty for Jianchang contain the following words:“If the ancient people think of sufferings of diseases，they chose medicine to treat with.And the medicinal properties include warm，hot，cold，and neutral，its medicinal properties are different，and just like the monarch，minister，assistant，and guide，while the dispensing prescriptions have accurate dosage，and it should be prescribed the medicine according to the symptoms.Those who value interests always try their best to increase or decrease dosage to get the best benefit.If you are calculating and eager to make profits，not caring about the best use of the drugs，it is no different from normal shop-bought and sold.” These sentences show that in Song Dynasty，the Jianchang people had emphasized the quality and efficacy of medicines，and could change the nature of medicines，and purposefully use medicines to meet the needs of clinical treatment.Therefore，from Song Dynasty，it had become the director of the development of the Jianchang medicine Industry to emphasize the reliability of the quality and reputation of medicines.
著名的医类方书《瑞竹堂经验方》为我国古代医药学史上一部有较高价值的著作，反映了元代建昌药业的用药、制药状况。该书收载了炒、炮、煨、煅、炙、水飞等药材加工炮制方法，各药的制备要求也非常严格。从《瑞竹堂经验方》的内容可看到元代建昌人对药物的认识和应用已达很高水平，不仅能够制备出各种药物剂型，并且每一味药的加工炮制和使用方法都非常细致规范。《瑞竹堂经验方》不仅是元代建昌人对前人用药经验的总结，对后代建昌医药也有深远的影响。
明清时期是建昌药业发展鼎盛的时期。建昌药业在明代、清代几百年间经历了质的升华，在饮片加工炮制和经营销售方面形成特色，并在相当长的时期保持着繁荣昌盛的状态，建昌药业便自然而然地在此期间形成药帮——建昌帮，在药界赢得了信誉和地位。
四川素有“中医之乡”“中药之库”之称，早在唐宋时期，四川就有49种道地药材，为全国之最。尤其是成都地区，由于悠久的历史文化和深厚浓郁的中医药文化相结合，使成都成为全国著名的中医药之乡，有一大批知名的中医师和药工云集在这座历史文化名城，并逐渐形成了独具风格的地方中药炮制特色，称为“川帮”，并与江西的“樟帮”“建昌帮”，京津地区的“京帮”并称为中药炮制技艺的四大帮。
在20世纪50年代以前，成都尚有大小药房近百家，基本上都采用“前店后坊”的经营模式，从事中医治病和药材炮制。川帮的中药炮制技术具有良好的传统和基础，但是由于中医传承的固有规律，如药物炮制的火候大多是靠师徒间的口传心授，其经验性、主观判断性的因素较强。因此，随着实践经验丰富的老药工逐渐谢世，一批中药炮制技术也面临着消亡或变异的危险，亟须进一步继承和发扬。
At the same time，the famous medical prescription book Ruizhutang Experience Prescription is a valuable work in the history of ancient Chinese medicine，which reflects the medication and pharmaceutical status of the Jianchang Pharmaceutical Industry in the Yuan Dynasty.The book contains the processing methods of stir-frying，baking，roasting，calcination，stir-frying with liquid assistants，grinding with water，and other processing technologies and the processing requirements are also very strict.The content of Ruizhutang Experience Prescription showed that in the Yuan Dynasty，Jianchang people had a high level of understanding to know how to use the medicine.They could not only prepare various medicines dosage forms but also process each medicine with precise and standard methods. Ruizhutang Experience Prescription is not only a summary of the experience of processing technologies by Jianchang people in the Yuan Dynasty but also has a far-reaching impact on Jianchang medicine for future generations.
The period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was the period of prosperous development of the Jianchang medicine industry.Jianchang medicine industry experienced a process of qualitative sublimation and development during the centuries of Ming and Qing Dynasties.It formed its characteristics in processing and marketing and maintained a prosperous state for quite a long time.From then on，Jianchang medicine industry naturally formed a medicine school，called Jianchang Society，which had won the reputation and status in the Chinese medicine industry.
Section Three The Origin and Development of Chuan Society
Sichuan is known as “the hometown of traditional Chinese medicine，the storehouse of traditional Chinese herbal medicine”.As early as the Tang and Song Dynasties，there were 49 authentic medicinal materials in Sichuan province，which was the largest amount in the country.Especially in the Chengdu area，due to the combination of long history culture and strong traditional Chinese medicine culture，Chengdu had become a famous hometown of traditional Chinese medicine in China.A large number of well-known Chinese physicians and pharmacists gathered in this historic and cultural city，and gradually formed a unique style with local traditional Chinese medicine processing characteristics，known as “Chuan Society”，and with the “Zhang Society”，“Jianchang Society” in Jiangxi，and the “Jing Society” in Beijing and Tianjin，they are all known as the four major Societies in the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine.
Before the 1950s，there were nearly 100 Chinese medicine pharmacies in Chengdu，which adopted the business model of “front shop and back workshop”，engaged in traditional Chinese medicine treatment and processing of medicinal materials.The processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine in Chuan Society has a good tradition and foundation.However，due to the limitation of the traditional TCM inherent law，for example，imparting processing skills only through oral teaching between teachers and apprentices，with strong empiric and subjectivity.As the gradually passed away of experienced veteran pharmacists，some unique traditional processing technologies also in danger of extinction or variation，which urgently needs further inheritance and development.
京帮炮制技术流派发源于我国北京，其代表饮片包括“九转胆星”和“酒蒸大黄”等。京帮发展至今，其炮制的特点主要体现在炮制方法和辅料特色上。
清代有京帮的说法，但当时并未强调这一称谓，而是称为京通卫帮，也就是涵盖了北京、通州、天津卫，当时也有分别称为京帮、通州帮、天津卫帮等。沿用至今，统称为京帮，但仍涵盖了三个地区。
Section Four The Origin and Development of Jing Society
Jing Society processing technology originated in Beijing，China，its representative decoction pieces including “Jiuzhuan Bile Arisaema” and “Steamed Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma with Wine” and so on.
In the Qing Dynasty，there has been saying about Jiang Society but without emphasizing，sometimes also called Jingtongwei Society，which includes the processing technologies from the districts of Beijing，Tongzhou，and Tianjingwei，sometimes they are separately called Jing Society，Tongzhou Society，and Tianjingwei Society，till now，Jing Society becomes a formal name，containing processing technologies from these three districts.
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