红外透射照相术(transmitted infrared photography,IRT)属于非侵入式成像技术。它利用的红外线属于电磁频谱中非可见光波段。
IRT与红外照相术以及红外反射成像非常相似,它们之间的主要区别在于,使用这种技术时,光源需设于艺术品后面,而非前面。这种技术只能用于支撑体为红外半透材质(如画布或纸张)的作品。IRT用的是InGaAs探测器,可探测波长较长,对波长高达1700 nm的红外线都非常敏感。
IRT所用的红外线波长较长,可穿透颜料层,但会被富碳材料吸收,因此尤其适用于检测绘画的底层素描、底稿和原底痕。由于光源与探测器设置方位的优势,红外透射法比红外反射法做的底层素描和底稿成像更为清晰。当画上存在铅白或钛白之类强反射性颜料粉时,IRT的效果尤其出色,因为这些颜料会增强底料和底层素描间的反差。这种分析可提供与绘画结构、画家技法及绘画状况有关的信息。IRT可用来探测被底料覆盖的画布商标和其他标记,这类对象往往很难用红外反射成像检测,因为底料的强反光会使它们模糊难辨。
IRT只能用于红外半透明支撑体(如画布)的作品,因为红外线要能够穿透支撑体才能被探测器接收。红外透射图像包含艺术品所有层位的数据,无法辨别个别细节的深度。此外,绘画支撑体会造成红外线散射,因此红外透射图像可能会失真。尽管这项技术长于探测暗色(尤其是富碳物质),却很难探测铁基墨水素描,因为铁基墨水无法有效地吸收红外线。
昼光照相术、紫外照相术、红外照相术、红外反射成像、红外假彩色照相术、X射线照相术、X射线荧光成像、K-edge成像以及同步辐射X射线荧光成像。
—相机/设备
—镜头
—曝光时间
—感光度(ISO)
—红外探测器
—红外光源
—滤镜
1965年,威廉·J.扬(William J. Young)在波士顿的一次会议上首次提出可用IRT来研究画布商标和其他被底料覆盖的信息。
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