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1）langue （中山大学2017年考研试题）
2）Interlanguage （中山大学2017年考研试题）
3）emotive function of language （四川大学2012年考研试题）
4）recreational function （中山大学2013年考研试题）
5）metalanguage （北京科技大学2012年考研试题）
6）The pooh-pooh theory （北京交通大学2016年考研试题）
7）arbitriness （上海外国语大学2018年考研试题）
8）langue ＆ parole （中山大学2018年考研试题）
Directions: In each question there are four choices.Decide which one would be the best answer to the question or to complete the sentence best.
1）Which is not the feature of language? （北京第二外国语学院2015年考研试题）
A.Arbitrariness.
B.Duality.
C.Creativity.
D.Replacement.
2）Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication.Thus, we say it has the property of _____________. （天津外国语大学2013年考研试题）
A.arbitrariness
B.displacement
C.creativity
D.duality
3）The _____________ function of language enables our language to talk about itself. （天津外国语大学2013年考研试题）
A.performative
B.emotive
C.phatic
D.metalingual
4）“I can refer to Confucius or the North Pole, even though the first has been dead over 2,550 years and the second is situated far away from us.” This shows that language has the design feature of _____________. （天津外国语大学2012年考研试题）
A.displacement
B.creativity
C.duality
D.arbitrariness
5）“I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of _____________. （天津外国语大学2011年考研试题）
A.arbitrariness
B.creativity
C.duality
D.displacement
6）Verbal dueling, the use of language for the sheer joy of using it, is mainly to do with the _____________ function of language. （武汉大学2011年考研试题）
A.performative
B.interpersonal
C.informative
D.recreational
7）It is generally agreed that linguistics should include at least five parameters, namely, phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and _____________. （北京第二外国语学院2013年考研试题）
A.social
B.psychology
C.cultural
D.pragmatic
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words.
1）_____________ refers to abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. （天津外国语大学2016年考研试题）
2）A language user's underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic_____________ （天津外国语大学2016年考研试题）
3）The _____________ function refers to that language can be used to establish an atmosphere or maintain social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas. （北京第二外国语学院2012年考研试题）
4）_____________ linguistics attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used while _____________ linguistics aims to discover and record what language is like and how it is used. （北京第二外国语学院2012年考研试题）
5）Chomsky claims that it is the linguist's task to characterize what speakers know about their language, i.e., their _____________, not what they do with their language, i.e., their _____________. （北京第二外国语学院2012年考研试题）
6）_____________ studies the relationship between language and thought, and a perennial subject of debate being whether language is a function of thinking or thought. （天津外国语大学2012 年考研试题）
7）P_____________ studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, the sounds of speech, the description and classification of speech sounds, words and connected speech, etc. （大连外国语大学2012年考研试题）
8）S_____________ examines how meaning is encoded in a language.It is not only concerned with meanings of words as lexical items, but also with levels of language below the word and above it. （大连外国语大学2012年考研试题）
9）By _____________, we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recur-siveness. （北京第二外国语学院2013年考研试题）
10）_____________ means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present （in time and space）at the moment of communication. （中山大学2013年考研试题）
Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write T for true and F for false.
1）Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which centers around the use of computers to process or produce human language. （北京第二外国语学院2015年考研试题）
2）Language is a means of verbal communication which can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and socio-cultural roles. （大连外国语大学2012年考研试题）
3）Different words are used to describe the concept in different languages.This reflects the design feature of displacement concerning human languages. （大连外国语大学2012年考研试题）
4）Journalists keep writing about and reporting on important events.This better reflects the recreational function of language. （大连外国语大学2012年考研试题）
5）As an interdisciplinary study of language and psychology, psycholinguistics has its roots in structural linguistics on the one hand, and in cognitive psychology on the other hand. （北京第二外国语学院2013年考研试题）
1）What's the difference of language and parole? （南京师范大学2016年考研试题）
2）What functions does language have? （北京第二外国语学院2015年考研试题）
3）Please list some differences between Langue and Parole. （北京第二外国语学院2011年考研试题）
4）A distinction can be drawn between Competence and Performance in the study of language.What do they refer to? Why does Chomsky draw such a distinction? （武汉大学2011年考研试题）
5）Explain and distinguish between linguistic competence and communicative competence. （国际关系学院2011年考研试题）
6）Why do we say language is arbitrary? （厦门大学2012年考研试题）
7）Tell the reasons for the discrepancy between competence and performance in normal language users. （北京第二外国语学院2013年考研试题）
8）How do you understand the emotive function of language? （北京第二外国语学院2013年考研试题）
9）What is macrolinguistics? List no less than three branches of macrolinguistics and define them briefly. （北京科技大学2012年考研试题）