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当一个句子只包含一个主谓结构时称为简单句。简单句大体上可以分为五类：
The train has arrived .
Does it hurt ?
The flowers are (smell) sweet . （形容词）
The dish looks inviting . （现在分词）
She seemed well pleased . （过去分词）
Jane looks like her mother . （介词短语）
That's how I look at it . （从句）
Who can answer this question ?
She is doing her homework .
I showed them my passport .
I'll get you something to eat .
They appointed him general manager .
She painted the walls light green .
由两个或更多独立的主谓结构或简单句并列在一起的句子称为并列句。并列句的两部分可用：
It was getting late; she must start back home.
We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing.
这两部分可称为分句（clause），也可称为并列分句（co-ordinate clause）。英语中的并列连词（co-ordinating conjunctions）有：and、but、for、or、so、yet、not only...but (also)、either...or、neither...nor等。
Jim worked hard in college and later he became an architect.
I've got a cold, so I'm going to bed.
Either you improve your work or I shall dismiss you.
一个句子，如果有一个或多个成分由从句担任，就是复合句。复合句中可以包含下面几类从句：
That the match will be cancelled is now certain. （主语）
I know (that) you ' ll succeed. （宾语）
The question is whether they have signed a contract .（表语）
There is a rumor that he has married a widow . （同位语）
All that glitters is not gold.
Hamlet, which is a famous play by Shakespeare , was performed on stage in the new hall.
This is the book which (that) was on the table .
There are moments when I forget all about it .
状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、比较、让步等：
We all stood up when he came in . （时间）
You can sit where you like . （地点）
She acted as if (as though) she were ma d . （方式）
Speak clearly so that they may understand you . （目的）
It was so dark that we couldn ' t see each other ' s faces . （结果）
Though they were poor , they were still happy. （让步）
1.代词（ ）
2.形容词（ ）
3.副词（ ）
4.介词（ ）
5.及物动词（ ）
6.不及物动词（ ）
7.冠词（ ）
8.连词（ ）
9.数词（ ）
10.感叹词（ ）
11.The italicized phrase in _____ is the infinitive phrase.
A.It's time to go to bed .
B.He enjoys playing football .
C.We went swimming in the river .
D. Kept in the fridge , the apple is still fresh.
12.The italicized clause in _____ is the attributive clause.
A.The question is how we could finish the work on time .
B.Stay where you are.
C.The girl who came late is our monitor.
D.I'm glad I got the reply .
13.Of the following sentences, _____ is the complex sentence.
A.Lily worked hard and later she was promoted to be a manager.
B.Do you see what I mean?
C.We rarely stay in hotels, for we can't afford it.
D.It is fine; we go for an outing.
14.Of the following sentences, _____ is the exclamation.
A.What a lovely girl!
B.Don't be so silly!
C.They study very hard.
D.Do you speak Chinese?
15.Of the following sentences, _____ is the alternative question.
A.Why don't you come earlier?
B.He's finished the homework, hasn't he?
C.Do you like coffee or tea?
D.Is she your teacher?
16.I don't smoke.（ ）_________
17.His cold was growing worse.（ ）________
18.Mother promises to give me a present.（ ）__________
19.Mother promises my sister to give her a present.（ ）________
20.The pot calls the kettle black.（ ）_______
1.pronoun/pron.
2.adjective/a./adj.
3.adverb/ad./adv.
4.preposition/prep.
5.transitive verb/vt.
6.intransitive verb/vi.
7.article/art.
8.conjunction/conj.
9.numeral/num.
10.interjection/interj.
11.A
12.C
13.B
14.A
15.C
16.(S+V) The holiday passed too quickly.
17.(S+V+P) It sounds a good idea.
18.(S+V+O) Tom wants to play football.
19.(S+V+O I +O D ) She gave me a book.
20.(S+V+O+C) I heard him singing.