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一般说来，没有特殊理由，不宜用被动结构。在正式文件中，被动句用得较多。此外，在下面情况下需要用被动结构：
The meeting is scheduled for May 3rd.
The original painting has been destroyed .
① 有很多及物动词常常用于被动结构（过去分词作形容词用的除外），如：
② 有些短语动词也常可用于被动结构，如：
③ 还有少数由三个词构成的短语动词也可用于被动结构，如：
They agreed that privileges must be done away with .
Great athletes are usually looked up to .
A Tale of Two Cities was written by Dickens.
I was waken up by a loud noise.
如果动作的执行者无须提到，就不需加 by 引起的状语，即使知道是谁的动作也可不提，如：
Jack fought Michael last night, and Jack was beaten .
Two trees were blown down in the storm.
① 为了客气而不提动作的执行者：
You are cordially invited to this ceremony.
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
② 为了圆通，避免说出动作的执行者：
You' re expected not to tell anyone about it.
I' m not supposed to disclose the details of the plan.
特别是下面这类句子，可以避免说出这是谁说的话：
It's said that there is a secret tunnel between the two houses.
It has been proved that he is guilty of the crime.
有时用主动结构或被动结构都可以。出于修辞或句法上的考虑，可能采用被动结构，如：
He appeared on the stage and was loudly applauded.
A gardener was immediately sacked if he was caught smoking.
除了上面的考虑之外，还有一些情况有时宜于用被动结构：
Smoking is strictly prohibited in this area.
No books are to be taken out of the room.
Passengers are requested to remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop.
The search for the bank robbers continues.Meanwhile many people have been questioned and the owner of the stolen getaway car has been traced .
Kennedy Assassinated !
Five-year-old Boy Kidnapped !
The mixture is placed in a crucible and is heated to a temperature of 500℃.It is then allowed to cool before it can be analyzed.
1.The meeting is going to _____.(put off)
2.There he became _____ with Balzac.(acquaint)
3.The vegetables didn't taste good.They had _____ for too long.(cook)
4.It might _____ better if you had been more careful.(do)
5.I remember _____ a bicycle on my tenth birthday.(give)
6.She looked _____.(wear out)
7._____ by these successes, they decided to expand the business.(encourage)
8.She can't bear _____.(laugh at)
9.The window _____ an explosion.(shatter)
10.Most of the Earth's surface _____ water.(cover)
11.The road was _____.We had to make a detour.
A.repaired
B.being repaired
C.repairing
D.has repaired
12.She _____ never _____ before.
A.has…operated
B.has…been operating
C.has…been operated on
D.has…operated on
13.I got _____ for the first time in my life last night.
A.drunk
B.drank
C.drink
D.drinking
14.He has had everything _____.
A.fixing up
B.fix up
C.fixed up
D.fixing
15.Instead of _____, he ought to _____.
A.criticized...praised
B.being criticized...being praised
C.being criticized...be praised
D.to be criticized...be praised
16.I saw his eyes _____ me in curiosity.
A.fixed on
B.fixing on
C.being fixed on
D.to be fixed on
17.Which of the following italicized parts functions as an object?
A.There are a lot of things to be done.
B.He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil earlier.
C.He shut himself in the room so as not to be disturbed.
D.It's a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather.
18.All the following sentences are grammatically correct EXCEPT _____.
A.The meeting was brought to a sudden close.
B.She asked me whether I had been waited.
C.He was looked up to by his followers.
D.He was often made fun of.
19.Which of the following sentences does not contain a passive meaning?
A.The house is to let.
B.The surface cleans easily.
C.He painted his bedroom blue.
D.These clothes wash well.
20.Which of the following italicized parts functions as an object?
A.There are all kinds of difficulties to be overcome .
B.She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.
C.She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday.
D.I want this letter to be opened now.
1.be put off
2.acquainted
3.been cooked
4.have been done
5.being given
6.worn out
7.Encouraged
8.being laughed at
9.was shattered by
10.is covered by
11.B
12.C
13.A
14.C
15.C
16.A
17.B
18.B
19.C
20.D