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某些从句，特别是宾语从句中的动词时态，常要受主句中谓语时态的制约，比如主句谓语是一般过去时，从句中的谓语受它影响，也需要用过去时，这就叫时态的呼应（sequence of tenses）。
It' s reported that they are building a new railway.
（比较：They're building a new railway.）
Has he told you when he is going home?
（比较：When is he going home?）
We' re trying to find out where she lives .
（比较：Where does she live?）
I was glad she was there. （比较：I'm glad you are here.）
He knew he was right. （比较： He knows he is right.）
若主句谓语为过去时，从句谓语一般要做如下调整：
I don't know where they live .
→I didn't know where they lived .
He thinks they' re doing the right thing.
→He thought they were doing the right thing.
I hear she has won a prize.
→I heard she had won a prize.
I know you' ve been worrying about us.
→I knew you had been worrying about us.
I am eager to know whether he' ll accept the offer.
→I was eager to know whether he would accept the offer.
I think she' ll be playing golf on Saturday.
→I thought she' d be playing golf on Saturday.
I expect he' ll have changed his mind by tomorrow.
→I expected he' d have changed his mind by then.
I know by this time next week you' ll have been working here for 30 years.
→I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years.
She said , “I saw your mother this morning.”
→She told me that she had seen my mother that morning.
① 可以保持原来时态：
They say the Goths invaded Rome in A.D.410.
→They said the Goths invaded Rome in A.D.410.
② 有时变不变都可以：
“I lived in Scotland in the 1980's,” Mr.Jones said .
→Mr.Jones said that he (had) lived in Scotland in the 1980's.
The teacher said that the Yellow River is China's second largest river.
This proved once again that the earth is round.
He told me he works there as an editor.
The doctor said I' ll be all right in a few days.
① 调整时态要考虑具体情况，不同情况可能需做不同处理：
He told me that his wife was ill.
→He told me that his wife is ill.
She said she was leaving that evening.
→She said she is leaving this evening.
② 有时两种时态都可以用，主要看是否强调现在的情况。
Did you say you have/had no money?
→How did you know I was/am Max Wilson?
从句中谓语如包含情态动词要注意下面几点：
He said he could lift 25 kilograms. （比较：I can lift 25 kilograms.）
I asked her if I should do it right away. （比较： Shall I do it right away?）
I wondered if I could sit there. （比较：I wonder if I could sit there.）
She said all this might be true. （比较：I think all this might be true.）
I knew I shouldn't do that. （比较：I know I shouldn't do that.）
She told me she had to leave at ten. （比较：I know she must leave at ten.）
He was told that he needn't do it. （比较：He needn't do it.）
I asked him whether he need go. （比较： Need he go?）
She didn't think he need worry. （比较：You needn't worry. ）
He wondered if she dared. （比较：He didn't know if she dare.）
1.The old woman _____ sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything.
A.would
B.will
C.could
D.can
2.Tom was so careless that he _____ his left leg when he was riding to work.
A.hurts
B.hurt
C.has hurt
D.had hurt
3.The air will be further polluted unless some measures _____.
A.will be taken
B.are taken
C.were taken
D.had been taken
4.At college, Barack Obama didn't know that he _____ the first black president of the United State of America.
A.would become
B.will become
C.became
D.has become
5.Ever since the family moved to the countryside last year, they _____ a quiet life there.
A.could have enjoyed
B.had enjoyed
C.have been enjoying
D.are enjoying
6.The growth of part-time and flexible working pattern _____ more graduates to take advantage of employment opportunities.
A.allowing
B.allow
C.have allowed
D.allows
7.There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone _____ me that evening.
A.had interrupted
B.would have interrupted
C.to have interrupted
D.to interrupt
8.There seemed little hope that the explorer, _____ in the dessert, would find his way through it.
A.to be deserted
B.to have been deserted
C.having deserted
D.having been deserted
9.In his plays Shakespeare _____ characters live through their language.
A.would make
B.had made
C.made
D.makes
10.I didn't see her in the meeting room this afternoon.She _____ at the meeting.
A.mustn't have spoken
B.shouldn't have spoken
C.needn't have spoken
D.couldn't have spoken
11.He won't be free on Saturday morning, he _____ (attend) a meeting.
12.When he hurried to the airport, he found, to his great disappointment, his ticket and passport _____(left) at home.
13.The structure and the function of our mobile phone _____(change) all the time.
14.I _____ (smell) something unpleasant; they must be preparing methane.
15.When Ann has her own house, she _____(install) built-in stereo speakers in every room.
16.The price of petroleum on the world market has been risen higher each week.
17.Experiment on animals had conducted long before the medicine was applied to patients.
18.My grandfather feels quite good after the operation, but his health has taken a turn for the worse.
19.I am very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far.
20.By the time educators introduced reforms in education, there has been a serious decline in achievement in fundamental subjects.
21.她总是帮助别人。
22.我买了一辆新车，但是旧车还没有卖掉，所以现在我有两辆车。
23.她以前总是每周探望一次她的父母。
24.您介意我坐在这里吗？
25.会议从开始到结束将持续整整10天。
1.A
2.B
3.B
4.A
5.C
6.D
7.A
8.D
9.D
10.D
11.shall be attending
12.had been left
13.is being changed
14.smell
15.will install
16.has been risen→has been rising
17.had conducted→had been conducted
18.feels→felt
19.greatly improved→have greatly improved
20.has been→had been
21.She always helps others.
22.I bought a new car, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two cars.
23.She used to visit her parents once a week.
24.Would you mind my sitting here?
25.The conference will have lasted 10 days by the time it ends.