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二、现在进行时

1.现在进行时的基本用法

(1)现在进行时(present continuous tense,也称progressive tense)主要表示现在正在进行的动作:

We' re having a meeting.

She is travelling around the country (now).

在译成汉语时有时带有“(正)在”这类字样。有时汉语句子没有这类词,却是表示现在正在发生的情况,这时也要用现在进行时:

How are you getting on with the work?

Someone is asking to see you.

(2)现在进行时有时表示现在这个阶段正在发生的事(但说话的一刻不一定在进行):

We' re seeing the sights of the city.

She' s spending the summer at the seaside.

2.现在进行时和动词的关系

(1)并不是随便什么动词都可用现在进行时,因为有些动词它们表示状态或感觉,不能表示正在进行的动作。不过其中有些在用于特殊意义时也可用进行时态,试比较下面句子:

The idea sounds great.这主意听起来不错。

Why is the driver sounding his horn? 那个开车的人为什么按喇叭?

I see what you mean.我懂你的意思。

He' s seeing the doctor now.他现在在看医生。

The wine tastes good.这酒味道很好。

I' m tasting the wine.我在品酒。

(2)有很多词在一种意义中能用于进行时,而在另一意义中却不能。试比较下面句子:

What are you thinking about? 你在想什么? (表示“思维”这个动作)

What do you think of the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样? (表示看法)

What are you looking for? 你在找什么? (表示动作)

You look quite well.你气色很好。 (表示状态)

We are having a discussion.我们在讨论问题。 (动作)

Do you have any questions? 你们有什么问题吗? (存在)

(3)有些动词本来是表示动作的,在转而表示状态时,也不宜用于进行时态:

People are lying on the beach.人们躺在海滩上。 (动作)

The city lies on the coast.这座城市位于海岸边。 (状态)

He is standing on a rock.他站在一块岩石上。 (动作)

His statue stands in the city square.他的雕像耸立在城市广场上。 (状态)

Owen is fitting the parts together.欧文在把零件装配在一起。 (动作)

The dress fits her perfectly.这件衣裳很合她的身。 (状态)

(4)另外有些动词表示极短暂的动作,也不宜用于进行时态,如declare、recognize 等。但有少数这类动词,可用于进行时态,表示反复做某个动作或“即将……”:

John is nodding his head.

The old man is dying.

(5)另外动词be有时用于进行时态,表示一时的表现:

I know I'm being selfish.

He is being terribly friendly to us.

3.现在进行时表示将来动作的用法

(1)现在进行时还可用来表示按计划或安排要进行的动作,这时都有一个表示未来时间(一般指不久的将来)的状语:

Mike is coming home on Thursday .

My sister is getting married next December.

能这样用的动词有限,常用的如:

(2)如果主语是train、concert等表示事物的名词作主语,动词都以一般现在时表示将来动作,而不用进行时。如:

The concert starts at 7:30.

The programme begins at 4.

(3)如果以人为主语,表示是按安排要进行的动作,一般可用现在进行时,而不用一般现在时:

I' m not going out this evening. (不宜说“I don't …”)

Is she coming to join us? (不宜说“Does she…”)

(4)总的说来用现在进行时表示未来动作比用一般现在时多。另外,还有“be+going+to”这个结构更是经常用来表示未来的情况:

① 表示准备干什么:

They' re going to sell their house.

My hair is dirty.I' m going to wash it.

② 表示即将发生的情况:

Look at the sky! It' s going to rain.

I hear they' re going to be married soon.

4.现在进行时表示经常性动作的用法

(1)现在进行时有时可表示一个经常性动作,这时都表现某类情绪:

My father is always losing his car keys. (不满)

She' s always helping people. (赞扬)

这类句子常带有always、constantly、forever、continually、perpetually这类副词,显出强调或夸张的意思。如果改用一般现在时,就只是说明事实,而不表示情绪。试比较下面句子:

New varieties appear all the time. (说明事实)

New varieties are appearing all the time. (欣喜)

It rains a lot here. (说明事实)

It's always raining here. (抱怨)

(2)甚至一些静态动词也可用于现在进行时:

I am hoping you will come.

I'm forgetting that I promised to visit him tonight.

(3)此外还有少数动词用两种时态意思都差不多:

I wonder (am wondering) how I should answer him.

I write (am writing) to inform you...

5.现在进行时的一些特殊用法

除了上面用法外,现在进行时还有一些特殊用法:

(1)用在故事中代替过去进行时,和一般现在时一道,进行戏剧式的描绘:

I' m driving along a country road and I'm completely lost.Then I see this old fellow.He' s leaning against a gate.I stop the car and ask him the way… 我正开车顺着一条乡下公路前进。我完全迷了路。这时我看到了这位老人,他靠在一座栅栏门上,我停下车向他问路……

(2)用在解说词中:

MacFee passes to Franklyn.Franklyn makes a quick pass to Booth.Booth is a way with his ball, but he' s losing the advantage.麦克菲传球给富兰克林,富兰克林给布什一个快传,布什带球前进,但他正在失去有利地位。

(3)表示暂(临)时的情况:

James is living in Copenhagen. (暂时情况)

The professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill. (暂时情况)

(4)用在新闻标题中(前面的助动词常省略):

Cabinet Minister (is) Resigning soon.

(The) College Team (is) Training for (the) Next Game. Uth1QkanmI6p7a7M3cxOyv4WpftY2yBEb3w+6ydaHEPTx/w0o5r4RK+P5Dh0BdLO

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