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3.5 翻译习作评改

[原文选段]

There is an ever-widening gap between black male college enrollees and their female and white counter-parts,says the American Council on Education(ACE).Twenty years ago,according to ACE's"Annual Status Report on Minorities in Higher Education",30 percent of African American male high school gradu-ates(aged 18 to 24)were enrolled in college,compared with 28 percent of same—age black females and 41 percent of white males.Now,some 37 percent of black men are enrolled,compared with 42 percent of African American women and 44.5 percent of white males.So while there are more black males enrolling in college today than 20 years ago,other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and,even more important-ly,in retention rates.Only 35 percent of black males enrollees graduated within six years from colleges in 1996,compared with 59 percent of white males,46 percent of Hispanic men,41 percent of American In-dian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year.Surveys and reports are hinting that the country's educational apparatus is stacked against the black male.Fewer than one in five students of color have graduated from high school,have a set of college-prep courses on their high school transcripts and"demonstrate basic literacy"?the necessities for being"college ready".Anotherglaring problem is that black males are disproportionately labeled as discipline and behavioral problems and fast tracked out of high schools through expulsions and suspensions.As if that's not enough,says ACE's William Harvey.There's a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money coupled with jacked-up tuitions,which make it necessary for low-income students to assume an average $20,000 debt to finish a four-year curriculum."For those in the lower economic category,the availability of financial aid determines who gets to go to col-lege and who doesn't,"observes Harvey.Harvey points out that,over the years,federal funding has under-gone a"complete reversal",from"a 70 percent to 30 percent grant-to-loan ratio 20 years ago"to the ex-act opposite today."An 1 8-year-old male will be more inclined to say,I want money in my pocket now,and attempt to get a job,"adds Harvey."But many take on the debt,become part-time students,work 20-plus hours a week and become five-year students at a four-year college."The inequity of that educational apparatus is especially clear when you look at the black males who persevere—those who go on to finish high school,earn a bachelor's degree and even finish grad school.A recently released Census report shows that,whether they have a high school diploma or a master's degree,black men will earn roughly 25 percent less than Whites,a master's degree.

[逐句分析]

[句l原文] There is an ever-widening gap between black male college enrollees and their female and white counterparts,says the American Council on Education(ACE).

[习译] 美国教育委员会(ACE)表示,黑人孩子的大学学院中,无论是男校还是女校,在校生的数量的都远远低于白人。

[改译] 美国教育委员会报告说,美国黑人男性的大学入学率与黑人女性及白人男性的大学入学率之间出现了越来越大的差距。

[析] ①“黑人孩子的大学学院中”这一说法涵盖不清,应为“美国黑人学生”;②enrollees是关键词,意思没有译出,没有指出“美国黑人男性的大学入学率与黑人女性及白人男性的大学入学率”之间的比较关系。③没有译出an ever-widening gap的含义,“越来越大的差距”是严重错误。

[句2原文] Twenty years ago,according to ACE's“Annual Status Report on Minorities in Higher Education”,30 percent of African American male high school graduates(aged 1 8 to 24)were enrolled in college,compared with 28 percent of same—age black females and 4 1 percent of white males.

[习译] 参照20年前美教委(ACE)的“年度未成年人高中教育情况报告”,相对于白人41%的录取率,非裔美籍黑人男女的录取率分别只有30%及28%。

[改译] 根据美国教育委员会关于高校少数民族学生状况年度报告,20年前,30%的男性黑人中学毕业生(18~24岁)进入大学,与此相比,同龄女性黑人是28%,男性白人是41%。

[析] ①习译把时间状语20年前当作定语来翻译,减弱了原文所表达的对比意义。②“30%的男性黑人中学毕业生(18-24岁)进入大学。”习译“相对于白人41%的录取率,非裔美籍黑人男女的录取率分别只有30%及28%。”这句译文的汉语不规范,成了英式汉语。英译汉时,一定注意译成规范的汉语。

[句3原文] Now,some 37 percent of black men are enrolled,compared with 42 percent of African American women and 44.5 percent of white males.

[习译] 现在,与男性白人(18~24岁)44.5%以及女性黑人42%的录取率相比,男性黑人的录取率达到了37%。

[改译] 现在,男性黑人的大学入学率上升为37%,而女性黑人为42%,男性白人为44.5%。

[析] 这句话译得不错,突出了原文的关注焦点:男性黑人的大学入学率。比较对象有二:一是女性黑人,二是男性白人。习译比参考译文的中心突出。

[句4原文] So while there are more black males enrolling in college today than 20 yearsago,other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and,even more importantly,in retention rates.

[习译] 而当黑人男孩的录取率正相对20年前逐步提高的时候,其他方面比如说录取率或更重要的,记录的保持率也大大落后别人。

[改译] 这就是说,虽然男性黑人的大学入学率比之20年前有了提高,但是其他群体的入学增长率却更高,而且更重要的是在巩固率方面。

[析] ①这句话,习译不够成功。While(这里表示转折),习译没有翻译出来。②other groups指,“其他(民族或种族)群体的人”,习译没有翻译清楚。③习译翻译的“记录的保持率,也大大落后别人”的说法错了。这里指的是:上了大学以后能否坚持学到底的“保持率”。

[句5原文] Only 35 percent of black males enrollees graduated within six years from colleges in 1996,compared with 59 percent of white males,46 percent of Hispanic men,41 percent of American Indian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year.

[习译] 其中,男性黑人的毕业率是最低的。在1996年入学后的6年当中,白人男性的毕业率是59%,在美国的拉丁美洲籍男性达到46%,美国印第安男性41%,黑人女性45%,而黑人男性,只有35%。

[改译] 这一句习译译得不错,译得很慎重。

[句6原文] Surveys and reports are hinting that the country's educational apparatus is stacked against the black male.

[习译] 调查和报告都显示美国的教育机构组织对于黑人男孩来说,好比是不可逾越的高原。

[改译] 各项调查和报告都显示,美国的教育机制对男性黑人是不利的。

[析] 这一句有一个动词stack习译译得不够充分,习译把它译为“好比是不可逾越的高原”,意思就跑了。这种做法,在翻译考试中拿不到好分。is stacked against意思是“用木头块搭起壁障来阻挡某人”。故本句可译为:“美国的教育机制似乎有意与黑人青年作对似的。”再者,“黑人男孩”的译法不好,大学生是成年人了,故应为“男性黑人”。

[句7原文] Fewer than one in five students of color have graduated from high school,have a set of college-prep courses on their high school transcripts and“demonstrate basic literacy”?the necessities for being“college ready”.

[习译] 只有不到1/5的有色人种学生能够从高中毕业,而这些人的笔记本上还记录了一系列成为准大学生之前的“学前班”课程和“基础文学论”——成为准大学生的必须课程。

[析] 这一句习译译得不对。原因可能是译者对美国学生上大学的背景不了解。其背景是:Fe-werthan one infive students of colorhave graduated from high school,have a set of college-prep courses on their high school transcripts.这句话的意思是:同时能够在他们的高中成绩单上有一套大学预科课程的成绩,与参考译文“能在(中学毕业)成绩报告单上获得完成大学预科课程的记录”比较基本相符。但笔者认为指的是,“那些大一新生正式读大学课程之前要补习的所谓预备课程”译成“获得完成大学预科课程的记录”好像是说,合格的中学毕业生不仅要读完全部中学课程,还要再专门读完大学预科课程,这不可能。

[句8原文] Another glaring problem is that black males are disproportionately labeled as discipline and behavioral problems and fast tracked out of high schools through expulsions and suspensions.

[习译] 还有一个明显的问题,就是黑人男孩被不公平的视为纪律和行为问题的制造者,通过开除或停学(即留校察看)的方式,他们很快就被赶出高中。

[改译] 另一个突出的问题是,黑人男性往往被过多地贴上不守纪律和行为不当的标签,因而常常受到开除和停学处分而被早早地逐出中学的校门。

[析] 习译概念不清,翻译千万不能不懂装懂,翻译出似是而非的东西。本句中关键的部分是disproportionately labeled,即“被不成比例地、被过多地”。原文指的是:黑人被除名或留校察看或停学的人数与白人学生被除名或留校察看或停学的人数因相差太大,而简直不成比例。故改译为“被过多地”合适。labeled.as discipline and behavioral problems,译为“被贴上不守纪律和行为不当的标签”也不一定合适。可译为“黑人男生往往过多地因学校声称不守纪律和行为不轨被开除校籍和留学察看而逐出校门”。

[句9、10原文] As if that'snot enough,says ACE'sWilliamHarvey.There's a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money coupled with jacked-up tuitions,which make it necessary forlow-in-come students to assume an average $20,000 debt tofinish afour-year curriculum.

[习译] 仿佛这些都不算什么似的,ACE的威廉哈维说,“事实上,为了应对日益高涨的学费,美国政府还有一项实质等于掏空国库的教育援助款项,帮助低收入家庭的学生承担大概2万美元的债务以完成4年学业”。

[改译] 美国教育委员会的威廉·哈维说,问题似乎还不止这些。联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭,而学费却在上涨,这样一来,低收入学生要完成4年的学业,必须获得平均2万美元的贷款。

[析] 习译这一句译得非常离谱。关键是把威廉·哈维说的话前后两边的意思没有连到一起来理解。他的意思是被开除校籍自然是问题,更严重的是这两部分:“联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭,且学费却在上涨”、“还有4年每年平均2万美元的贷款”。译者对上下文脉络意思没搞清就只好译得离谱了。注意:a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grantmoney是“联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭”,coupled with是“与……堆积到一起”,jacked-up tuitions是“被吊挂起来的助学金”。不搞清这些地方,就很难翻译正确。

[句11原文] “For those in the lower economic category,the availability of financial aid determines who gets to go to college and who doesn't,” observes Harvey.

[习译] 哈维评论员还说,“对于那些低收入人群,经济援助更是掌握着谁能上大学谁不能的生杀大权。”

[改译] 哈维说:“对于经济条件较差的学生来说,能不能得到财政帮助决定着谁能进入大学、谁不能进入大学。”

[析] 这句译文译得不错。“生杀大权”的译法很形象。

[句12原文] Harvey points out that,over the years,federal funding has undergone a“complete re-versal”,from“a 70 percent to 30 percent grant-to-loan ratio 20 years ago”to the exact opposite today.

[习译] 他指出,这些年来,联邦基金经历了一个“大反转”,从20年点补助金与贷款的比率为7比3,到现在完全颠倒的3比7。

[改译] 哈维指出,联邦基金的流向在过去几十年里发生了“彻底逆转”:20年前的补助一信贷比是70%比30%,现在的比数恰好前后掉过来。

[析] 这一句译得也很好。把原文的联邦基金的流向70%比30%转换为3与7,灵活对等。“彻底逆转”、“大反转”都译得对。

[句13原文] “An 18-year-old male will be more inclined to say,I want money in my pocket now,and attempt to get a job,”adds Harvey.

[习译] 他还补充说,“一个18岁的男孩,很可能这么说‘我现在是希望口袋里有钱,然后希望能找到份工作。’”

[改译] “和过去相比,一位18岁的男青年更有可能说,‘我希望现在口袋里有钱’,所以想先找一份工作干。”哈维补充道。

[析] 这句话意思译对,但“一个18岁的男孩,很可能这么说”语气欠佳。

[句14原文] “But many take on the debt,become part-time students,work 20-plus hours a week and become five-year students at a four-year college.”

[习译] “对于那些低收入家庭的学生,助学金则决定了他们能进入大学接受教育的命运。”哈维说。

[改译] “但多数是先贷款,当非全日制学生,每周打20多个小时的工,结果用5年的时间读完4年制的大学。”

[析] 该生对on the debt,然后become part-time students这个连续行为没有理解。

[句15原文] The inequity of that educational apparatus is especially clear when you look at the black males who persevere—those who go on to finish high school,earn a bachelor's degree and even finish grad school.

[习译] 那些苦苦坚持,得以善终的黑人男孩们——完成高中学业,拿到学士学位甚至顺利从大学毕业的人,在他们身上,教育体制的不公平反映的尤为明显。

[改译] 如果考查一下那些能读完中学、继而读完学士甚至获得硕士学位的黑人男性,那么,这种教育机制的弊端就特别清楚地表现出来。

[析] 译文基本正确。但“完成高中学业,拿到学士学位甚至顺利从大学毕业的人”这一部分翻译有误。习译对even finish grad school理解错了。grad school作“研究生院”讲。因此,这里指“读完硕士学位,”而不是“顺利从大学毕业的人。”

[句16原文] A recently released Census report shows that,whether they have a high school diploma or a master's degree,black men will earn roughly 25 percent less than Whites,a master's degree.

[习译] 最近公布的一项官方统计显示,在男性黑人当中,高中毕业也好,大学毕业也好,他们的收入还是会比白人低大概25%。

[改译] 根据最近公布的一项人口普查报告,不论持有中学文凭还是硕士学位文凭,黑人男性的薪水要比白人男性的薪水低大约25%。

[析] 对a master's degree的译法错了,其他尚可。

【评改意见】 习译者的翻译水平有一定基础,但毛病是自己拿不准意思时就猜想。引申转义有些过分。因此,希望习译者多接触西方文化教育、人文科技知识,更有依据地去翻译。 lXlv4H+WP1e+Pyw01Wqi/z2lRsUfMJ6uJyOBsE/NvKFQ3NWthJ5c7PiwDUGGGS7B

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