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第二节

阅读方法

在阅读过程中,我们可以采用不同的策略和方法来阅读不同类型的文章。我们可以通过略读(skimming)来把握文章大意,通过跳读(scanning)确定细节信息。文章的长度和类型以及阅读的目的在很大程度上决定了阅读的方法。

略读是一种快速阅读文章并了解其内容大意的阅读方法。读者可以有选择地进行阅读,略过某些细节,抓住文章的大概,从而加快阅读速度。一般来说,我们可以阅读文章标题和首尾句,从而形成对文章结构的整体印象,了解作者的意图及文章所涉及的话题。

跳读是为获得特定的信息而进行的信息辨认的过程。读者一般是根据特定目的或需要(即题干的发问点),舍弃一部分不读,只快速阅读相关的部分来查找相关信息。具体来说,它是以某个关键词为目标,在文章中对该关键词进行检索,直到发现与问题有关的文字,迅速锁定答案。这种阅读方法具有明显的选择性,在阅读文章之前就已经了解问题和要找出的信息,然后带着问题进行阅读,进而快速找出某些具体的事实和信息。

需要说明的是:关键词的确定也有技巧。如果题目或选项中有专有名词(人名、地名等)、数字(年代、时间等),要将它们定位为关键词,因为这些词在文章中很容易找到,可以很快地定位相应的细节,从而有助于快速找到正确答案。如果题目或选项中没有特别明显的词,可以将主要的名词或动词定位为关键词。

精读是在对全文有个整体印象的前提下所进行的深入细致的阅读,要求仔细阅读每句话,分析、理解其含义,弄清句子之间的逻辑关系,进而理解整个句子、篇章的意思。

实际阅读时,这三种基本方法经常综合使用。通过略读可了解材料的结构安排和主要信息,跳读可在解题过程中起定位的作用,利用精读可以针对某些信息或难点作具体、细致的解析,找出题目的答案。

例文1-2-1

Hard Work,Good Money

We need:

Staff(员工)to work in a busy operations center.

You to be working in Hangzhou.

We are:

A rapidly expanding international IT company.

Based in the UK and USA,with 500 employees worldwide.

We want to:

Recruit(招聘)staff for our office in Hangzhou.

Recruit 30 staff members in the first year.

You should be:

Chinese;

A college graduate,majoring in Computer Science;

Flexible,efficient,active;

Willing to work in Hangzhou;

Able to work unusual hours,e.g.7 pm to 3 am.

You should have:

Good basic English language skills,holding Level-A Certificate of Practical

English Test for Colleges(PRETCO).

Keyboard skills.

Way to contact us:

0571-88044066

For more details about the job,please visit our website:www.aaaltd.cn.

(2009年12月B级考试真题)

用略读的方式,很容易发现这是一则IT公司的招聘信息。公司信息、工作基本情况、招聘要求、联系方式等信息都能够从每一小节的提示部分轻松找到,我们可以很快了解文章的结构。

例文1-2-2

Thank you for your interest in Calibre Cassette(盒式录音带)library.This letter tells you about our service.With it we are sending you an application form,so that you can join if you would like to try it.

Calibre library aims to provide the pleasure of reading to anyone who cannot read ordinary print books because of sight problems.We currently have over 7,000 books available for reading for pleasure,including 1,000 specially for children.All our books are recorded cover-to-cover on ordinary cassettes and can be played on any cassette player.They are sent and returned by post,free of charge.

When we receive your application,we will send you a book and an information tape.They will explain how to use the service.The easy way to use Calibre library is to tell us what sorts of books you like,and we will keep you supplied with books we think you will enjoy.Or you can send us a list of books you would like to read,and we will then send you books from this list whenever possible.In that case you will need to use our website,or buy one or more of our catalogues(目录).

1.Calibre library provides service mainly for people who suffer from________.

A.hearing difficulties

B.mental illnesses

C.sight problems

D.heart troubles

2.According to the first paragraph,the library sends the application form to the readers so that they can________.

A.read ordinary books

B.order cassette players

C.buy Calibre cassettes

D.use the library service

(2009年12月B级考试真题)

在读了第一题的题干后,可以考虑以“provides service”和“suffer from”作为关键词来进行跳读。当读到第二段第一句中的“provide the pleasure of reading”,可以认为它是“provides service”的语义再现,当“who cannot read”出现时,可以把它当做“suffer from”的另一种表达形式,这时读者完全可以肯定答案马上就会出现,放慢速度仔细阅读,很快C答案就出现了。

回答第二题的时候,考虑到它是就整个第一段提问,所以我们需要对第一段进行精读,仔细分析第一段的含义后,不难发现D就是正确答案。

通过上述的例文分析,我们会发现不同的阅读方法有不同的针对性和适用对象。在阅读实践中,我们需要根据具体需要,灵活地选择适当方法,从而提高阅读的速度与正确率。 /oROUBbrfNtp8ntZiKgPT9Q+Bv1PUJ1X1B5qzF+ORHlj5C6rNo5uyJR1CIkdzswR

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