现在完成进行时的构成

现在完成进行时的用法

1. 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其动作是否继续下去，由上下文语境决定 。

What have you been doing all the time?你一直在干什么？（动作可能继续下去）

Have you been waiting long for me?你等了我很久吗？（动作不再继续下去）

2. 表示动作断断续续地重复 。

I have been knocking . I don't think there's anyone in.

我一直在敲门，我想屋里可能没有人。

I have been seeing Pro. Green recently. 最近我总是遇到格林教授。

You have been coughing a lot lately. 你最近咳嗽得很厉害。

3. 表示“刚才，近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续。此时一般通过上下文的语境进行判断 。

My hands are dirty. I have been painting the door.

我的手脏，我一直在漆门。

What have you been eating to get as fat as this？

你都吃什么了，怎么这么胖？

4. 有时，现在完成进行时表示强烈的情感，如激动、赞扬、厌恶等。

I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.

和你见面是我盼望已久的事了。

Too much has been happening today. 今天真是个多事的日子。

要点拓展

现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别

1. 现在完成时的“已完成”用法强调动作的完成，现在完成进行时表示未完成 。

I have read Gone with the Wind . 我读过《飘》。（已经读完）

I have been reading Gone with the Wind .

我一直在读《飘》。（还未读完）

2. 现在完成进行时更强调动作延续时间之长久 。

I have been staying in Shanghai for six weeks.

我在上海待了六周了。（强调时间很长）

I have stayed in Shanghai for six weeks.

我在上海待了六周。（陈述一个事实）

3. 现在完成时同某些频度副词或数字连用时，表示反复的（可能有间断）动作 。 现在完成进行时可以表示反复的不间断的动作，不能和具体次数和具体数字并存 。

I have posted a dozen resumes，but received no offer.

我已经寄出一打简历了，可一个回音都没收到。

I have been posting resumes since my graduation.

毕业后，我一直在寄简历。

I 've read this book several times.（√）

I have been reading the book several times.（×）

我读过这本书好几次。

4. 现在完成时感情色彩不浓，而现在完成进行时带有较强烈的感情色彩 。

You have been talking too much and doing too little.

你一直说得太多，做得太少。

5. lie，rest，wait，stay，sleep，rain等表示状态的谓语动词更倾向于用现在完成进行时 。

I have been waiting for you for a long time. 我已经等你很长时间了。

It 's been raining since last night. 从昨天晚上开始就一直在下雨。

过去完成进行时的构成：hadbeendoing

过去完成进行时的用法与现在完成进行时的用法基本相同，只是时间参考点不同。过去完成进行时以“过去的过去”为时间参考点，而现在完成进行时以“过去”为时间参考点。过去完成进行时指从“过去的过去”某一个时间点开始的动作或状态，一直延续到过去，动作或状态是否继续，需由上下文而定。

I felt fed up because I had been looking after these naughty children.

我觉得烦透了，因为我一直在照看这些调皮的孩子。

I had been looking for my files for hours before I found them.

我找了好几个小时才把文件找到。

专项训练

1. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School，where she__________English for a year.

A. studies

B. studied

C. is studying

D. has been studying

答案 ： D 表示过去的动作一直持续到现在，按句意，仍将继续进行下去。

2. Now that she is out of a job，Lucy__________going back to school，but she hasn't decided yet.

A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider

答案 ： B 因为还没有决定，所以Lucy会继续考虑下去，直到做出决定为止。

3. The crazy fans__________patiently for two hours，and they would wait till the movie star arrived.

A. were waiting

B. had been waiting

C. had waited

D. would wait

答案 ： B 在the movie star arrived之前他们就开始等待，已经等了两个小时，并且还将等下去，一直到过去时arrived为止，因此用过去完成进行时。

4. — Hi，Tracy. You look tired.

— I am tired. I__________the living room all day.

A. painted

B. had painted

C. have been painting

D. have painted

答案 ： C 表示刚刚才结束的动作，强调对现在的影响。

5. He__________articles for our wall-newspaper these three years，and he__________about forty articles.

A. has been writing；has written

B. has been writing；wrote

C. is writing；has been writing

D. has written；has written

答案 ： A 第一个空表示近三年来一直在持续的动作或状态，所以用现在完成进行时。第二个空强调现在的结果是about forty articles，因此用现在完成时。

6. This foreign scientist__________in our college for fifteen years and does not want to leave.

A. worked

B. is working

C. works

D. has been working

答案 ： D 根据句子意思，work这个动作已经持续了15年，并且还将继续下去。

7. It seems that oil__________from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A. has been leaking

B. is leaking

C. had leaked

D. leaked

答案 ： A 这里的现在完成进行时是为了强调leak这个动作持续之久。

8. I'm glad to see that you

__________a lot of progress since I__________you last.

A. will make；have met

B. have been making；met

C. had made；met

D. have made；meeting

答案 ： B since引导的从句用一般过去时，相当于一个表示过去时间的状语。have been making progress表示一种赞美和表扬的情感。

9. She__________in this school__________the past ten years.

A. was teaching；since

B. had been teaching；since

C. would teach；for

D. has been teaching；in

答案 ： D “in the past/last…”是典型的表示现在完成进行时的时间状语。

10. Linda feels exhausted because she__________so many visitors today.

A. has been having

B. had been having

C. was having

D. had had

答案 ： A 表示今天断断续续一直在持续的动作，强调对现在造成的影响，就是“exhausted”。

11. — I__________so busily recently that I__________no time to help you.

— That's OK. I can manage it by myself.

A. have been working；have

B. have worked；had

C. am working；will have

D. had been working；had had

答案 ： A have been working表示最近一段时间不间断的状态；have是对现在状态的表达，所以用一般现在时。

12. —— Have you finished the report?

—— No. I__________it all this week.

A. will do

B. had done

C. have done

D. have been doing

答案 ： D 表示all this week一直在持续的动作，因为还没完成，所以还会继续进行。

13. The scientist__________the experiment for half a year，but he__________yet.

A. made；didn't succeed

B. made；hasn't succeeded

C. was making；didn't succeed

D. has been making；hasn't succeeded

答案 ： D has been making表示最近和现在一直在持续的动作。第二个空的yet说明应该用现在完成时，强调现在的结果。

14. The wounded solider__________in the snow for hours.

A. lie on his back

B. has lied on his back

C. has been laying on his back

D. has been lying on his back

答案 ： D 这里的现在完成进行时是为了突出动作持续的时间之久。C选项中的lay是lie（躺）的一般过去时。

15. —“Was the driving pleasant when you were in Shanghai last summer?”—“No，it__________for four days when we arrived，so the roads were very muddy.”

A. was raining

B. would be doing

C. have rained

D. had been raining

答案 ： D 这里不仅表达了“下雨”这个动作不间断地持续了四天，而且还表达了一种不满的情感。

16. Kelly couldn't understand why her computer crashed，because it__________perfectly for as long as she could remember.

A. has been working

B. was working

C. had been working

D. has worked

答案 ： C 表示work这个动作持续了很久的状态，受到主句中couldn't understand的影响，用过去完成进行时。

17. — Why? Tom，your shirt is so dirty！

— Mum，I__________my storeroom downstairs.

A. cleaned

B. have worked

C. was cleaning

D. have been cleaning

答案 ： D 表示刚刚才结束的动作，强调刚才的状态和对现在的影响。

18. — I have got a headache.

— No wonder. You__________in front of that computer too long.

A. work

B. are working

C. have been working

D. worked

答案 ： C 表示强调动作延续时间之长久和对现在的状态造成的影响。

19. The boy was delighted with his new story book which he__________for a long time.

A. was wanting

B. has wanted

C. has been wanting

D. had been wanting

答案 ： D 同上。

20. It was midnight and he was tired because he__________since dawn.

A. was working

B. has worked

C. had been working

D. has been working

答案 ： C 强调work这个状态持续时间之久。 oq/KYkII2rVHvbhztVRZBoj76Xkxtyog8RFqrgQuHHskvpYn4O2qCQdQoTnl9pOP