List 4

dwell on

【释】 细想；详述

【例】 Don’t dwell on life’s troubles; think of the good times. 不要多想生活的烦恼，多想想快乐的事情。

【同】 dwell upon

so far

【释】 到目前为止，迄今为止

【例】 In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year. 今年迄今为止，总共发现了7头幼鲸。 （2020-12）

get through

【释】 通过；完成；接通电话；度过，熬过（困难时期等）

【例】 Such a radical proposal would never get through the Congress. 如此激进的提案永远不会在国会获得通过。

lay down

【释】 放下；制定；放下（武器）

【例】 She hopes to inspire those people to lay down their weapons. 她希望能够激发那些人放下武器。

go in for

【释】 参加，从事；爱好（某活动）

【例】 It is harmful to our health as we hardly have any time to go in for sports. 它对我们的健康有害，因为它使得我们几乎没有任何时间参加体育锻炼。

at the mercy of

【释】 受制于；被……控制

【例】 The profession is very much at the mercy of the market place. 这个行业在很大程度上受市场的支配。

cover up

【释】 把……盖上；隐藏；遮盖

【例】 Don’t count on others to cover up for your shortcomings. 别指望别人来掩饰你的缺点。

account for

【释】 对……负有责任；对……做出解释；（比例）占

【例】 McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks. 麦格劳希尔在大学教科书市场的份额占比超过五分之一。 （2018-06）

sign for

【释】 签收

【例】 When the letter carrier delivers your order, do check the box before signing for it. 当邮递员派送你订购的货物时，一定在签收之前检查包装箱。

burn out

【释】 烧坏，烧尽；筋疲力尽

【例】 If you are constantly overwhelmed, you will burn out . 如果你不断地受到打击，你将会心力交瘁。

【同】 burn off

lay over

【释】 覆盖；胜过；压倒

【例】 A shadow of fear and hate lay over the village, and no one knew what dangers the next day would bring. 恐惧与憎恨的阴影笼罩着整个村庄，没人知道明天会有什么危险降临。

look over

【释】 检查，查看；从……上面看

【例】 Would you like more time to look over the contract? 您是否需要更多的时间来查看这份合同？

go over

【释】 复习，重温；仔细检查

【例】 He would go over his work again and again until he felt he had it right. 他会反反复复检查他的工作直到他觉得准确无误为止。

【同】 go through

provide… to…

【释】 为……提供……

【例】 In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. 在理想的世界中，我们都在做着让自己引以为豪的工作，这份工作使我们找到了生存的意义和目标。 （2020-09）

meet with

【释】 符合；偶然遇见；遭受

【例】 But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner acknowledged that the pediatricians’ new prescription may meet with skepticism from parents, who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world. 但是加州大学洛杉矶分校的儿科医生卡洛斯·勒纳承认，儿科医生的新处方可能会遭到家长们的质疑，这些家长急于寻求如何在社会上助孩子一臂之力的建议。 （2020-09）

in stock

【释】 有存货的

【例】 We don’t have the book in stock but you can pre-order it. 这本书我们没有存货，但你可以预订。

take apart

【释】 拆开；剖析；粗暴对待

【例】 Fifty years ago inquisitive children could take apart a clock, radio set or motorbike, figure out how it worked, and even put it together again. 五十年前好奇心重的孩子们可能会拆开一个闹钟、一部收音机或一辆摩托车去搞清楚它是怎么运作的，甚至还能把它重新组装起来。

infect with

【释】 传染……（疾病）；感染，使……感到

【例】 The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on either side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick. 研究人员发现，坐在流感患者任何一侧的两个座位以内，以及患者前后两排的乘客，患病的概率约为80%。 （2019-12）

get sick from

【释】 从……感染疾病，由于……感到不舒服

【例】 Although in-flight infections thrive in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air filters used. 尽管机舱内的感染病毒在飞机上这种干燥的环境中更易滋生，但由于使用了空气过滤器，乘客在飞机上生病的风险实际上很低。 （2019-12）

take back

【释】 带回；退还；收回（错话或错误的想法）；使回想起

【例】 In a bid to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced legislation that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. 为了把自动驾驶汽车的生产地位拉回底特律，密歇根州的立法者们已经提交了一项法规，该法规或许可以使密歇根成为即使不是全世界，也是全美国发展自动驾驶汽车并将其投入使用的最佳地点。 （2019-06）

burst out

【释】 突然爆发出

【例】 On hearing the news, the husband burst out laughing while the wife burst into tears. 一听到这个消息，丈夫发出一阵大笑，而妻子却流下了眼泪。

believe in

【释】 相信；信仰；信任

【例】 Don’t you believe in equality between men and women? 难道你不相信男女平等吗？

get a move on

【释】 快点，赶快

【例】 But if you don’t want to be stuck in the cars, you had better get a move on . 如果你不想被困在车里，最好快点走。

【同】 hurry up

on the fence

【释】 保持中立；抱观望态度

【例】 That Congressman is still on the fence to vote for or against the new tax bill. 那位议员仍然对新的税收议案持观望态度，不知该投赞成票还是反对票。

straight away

【释】 马上，即刻

【例】 He looked nervous and said that we had to leave straight away . 他看起来很紧张，说我们必须马上离开。

【同】 right away

range from… to

【释】 范围从……到……

【例】 This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile. 今年，这个活动项目的范围从将房子变成协作论文（指在墙上涂写）到探索流亡的意义。 （2019-06）

give birth to

【释】 产生，造成；生孩子

【例】 It gives birth to several babies at a time. 它一次产下几只幼崽。 （2020-12）

retreat from

【释】 退出；放弃；逃避

【例】 A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young adults living with their parents. The first is the postponement of, if not retreat from , marriage. 多种因素导致了与父母同住的年轻人比例的长期增长。第一个因素是结婚的推迟，如果不是逃避结婚的话。 （2019-06）

on thin ice

【释】 如履薄冰；处境危险；站不住脚

【例】 He had skated on thin ice on many assignments and somehow had got away with it. 在多项任务中他都曾置身险地，但不知怎么都化险为夷了。

fall out

【释】 （头发、牙齿等）掉落，脱落；掉出来；（与……）闹翻，失和

【例】 When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn’t. 当容器打翻的时候，有时会有东西掉出来，而有时则不会。 （2018-12）

on a survey

【释】 在一项调查中

【例】 And on a survey administered by the district, students wrote things like, “I hate going to school,” and “Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have learned one thing: that a grade, a percentage or even a point is to be valued over anything else.”在学区组织的一项调查中，学生曾写下类似这样的话：“我讨厌去上学”和“在这个学区待了12年，我看清了一件事：在这里，学习成绩、排名，甚至每一分都比其他任何事情重要。” （2018-12）

come through

【释】 度过；（感情或消息）传出

【例】 Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. 许多人在经历了一段时间的压力后，身心都比以前更有活力。

live off

【释】 依赖（某人）生活

【例】 Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state here. 与一些欧洲国家不同，在这里一个身强力壮的移民要靠政府供养是极其困难的。

【同】 live on/upon

cooperate with

【释】 与……合作

【例】 They were required to cooperate with other creators. 他们被要求与其他创作者合作。 （2019-06）

【同】 team up with; collaborate with

wear away

【释】 磨损；消磨；（时间）流逝

【例】 Rain and frost are natural agents that wear away rocks. 雨和霜都是磨蚀岩石的自然力。

break the ice

【释】 打破沉默；破冰

【例】 Complimenting someone on their garment is a great way to break the ice . 赞美别人的衣服是打破沉默的一个好办法。

【同】 break the silence

in a bid to

【释】 为了……

【例】 In a bid to wrestle with the serious problem of school bullying, schools should impose strict punishments upon those offenders. 为了解决严重的校园霸凌问题，学校应对那些犯事者施以严厉的惩罚。

【同】 in order to

tie up

【释】 系牢；扎紧；绑好（某人）；拴住（动物）；完满解答，妥善解决（问题等）

【例】 Our company will tie up a deal within the next two weeks. 我们公司将在未来2周内谈妥一笔交易。

get out

【释】 离开；外出；（消息或信息）泄露

【例】 Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes. 传言，当有人提出要看一下这封信做研究时，它就不见了。 （2018-06）

be based on

【释】 根据，以……为基础；建立在……基础上

【例】 One study has calculated that the lifetime benefit to the local economy for a single additional student who completes high school is half a million dollars or more. This is based on higher earnings and avoided costs in health care, crime, welfare dependence and other things. 一项研究计算出，每多一名完成高中学业的学生，给当地经济带来的最终收益是50万美元或更多。这是基于更高的收入、在医疗保健、犯罪、福利依赖方面的可避免成本和其他方面得出的。 （2021-06）

【同】 be based upon; be built on

kick in

【释】 踢开；开始生效

【例】 Not so, say critics, observing that subsidies and other big outlays do not kick in till 2022. 批评者们可不这样认为，他们观察到补贴和其他大的支出在2022年前才能生效。

【同】 begin to have an effect; take effect

seek out

【释】 找出；搜出；想获得

【例】 Now is the time for local companies to seek out business opportunities in Europe. 现在是当地公司在欧洲市场寻求商机的时候了。

【同】 find out

pull apart

【释】 分解；撕开；扯断

【例】 If I wanted to improve the car significantly I would have to pull it apart and start again. 如果想好好地改进这辆车，我将不得不把它拆开重装。

【同】 tear out

tide over

【释】 克服；度过困难时期

【例】 As long as we strengthen confidence and work together, we will tide over the difficulties and achieve our shared goals. 只要我们坚定信心、携手共进，就一定能渡过难关，实现我们的共同目标。

make a turn

【释】 转弯；掉头

【例】 You’ll see a traffic sign. That’s where you should make a turn . 你会看到一个交通标志，在那儿你就转弯。

rise up

【释】 上升；起身；反抗；起义；（职位、地位）升高；耸立

【例】 As long as there’s evil, good will rise up against it. 只要有邪恶的存在，正义就会揭竿而起与之对抗。

【同】 go up

speed up

【释】 加速；使加速

【例】 The school should take steps to speed up solving the problem. 学校应该采取措施加快解决这个问题。

【同】 quicken up

in large part

【释】 很大程度上；大体上，大部分

【例】 About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs, researchers and engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools.离普林斯顿大约十分钟、离纽约市一个半小时的车程的西温莎地区和普林斯堡地区已经成为广受科技创业者、研究员和工程师们欢迎的居住社区，这些人在很大程度上是被这里的公立学校吸引而来的。 （2018-06）

in memory of

【释】 纪念……

【例】 The congress opened with a minute’s silence in memory of those who died in the struggle. 会议以一分钟的默哀开场，以怀念在这场斗争中牺牲的人。

be at liberty to

【释】 有自由去做；有权利做

【例】 All people are at liberty to express their opinions during the discussion. 在讨论会上，所有人都可以自由发表意见。

take sth. to heart

【释】 把……放在心上，对……耿耿于怀

【例】 It’s great advice, though not many people truly take it to heart . 这是一个非常好的建议，虽然没有多少人真正地将它放在心里。

divide into

【释】 分成，分离，分割

【例】 For the sake of simplicity, let’s divide the discussion into two parts. 为了方便起见，我们把讨论分成两部分。

be aware of

【释】 意识到；了解

【例】 As you read this, you are likely aware of what time it is, how old you are, your checking account balance, your weight and so on. The exact numbers we think with impact everything in our lives. 当你读这篇文章时，你可能了解现在几点了，你多大了，你的支票账户余额，你的体重等等。我们想出的那些确切的数字影响着我们生活中的一切。 （2021-06）

pull out (of)

【释】 驶入主路；离开，撤离；渡过难关；恢复健康

【例】 I pulled out of the depression gradually with treatment. 通过治疗，我逐步摆脱了抑郁症。

【同】 get out (of)

give rise to

【释】 使发生，引起

【例】 At a recent seminar, many participants were worried about the fact that overpopulation may give rise to many social security problems. 在最近的一次研讨会上，许多与会者担心人口过剩可能会引起许多社会保障问题。

come out of

【释】 由……产生；从……出来

【例】 Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school. 我们的同学刚刚从高中毕业。自我们上次毕业以来，世事已多变。 （2020-07）

be known to

【释】 为……所知，为……所熟知的

【例】 Having been working with you for such a long time, my name shall be known to each of you. 和你们经过这么长时间的相处，大家应该都知道我的名字了。

go further than

【释】 不止，不仅是

【例】 But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. 但变化远不止于此。比如，人们在什么年龄致力于买房、结婚、生子或开始职业生涯等事宜。 （2019-06）

under attack

【释】 受到攻击；在攻击之下

【例】 Michigan’s dominance in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to replace our leadership in transportation. 密歇根州在汽车研发方面的主导地位受到了几个州和国家的威胁，它们希望取代我们在交通运输领域的领先地位。 （2019-06）

live on

【释】 以……为食；靠（某数额的钱）过活

【例】 It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠工资过活了。

【同】 live off

walk by

【释】 在……旁边走过；走过……

【例】 I like to sit in the coffee shop and watch people walk by . 我喜欢坐在咖啡店里，看人来人往。

on board

【释】 在船（火车、飞机）上；支持的，赞同的

【例】 It was a major “Ah-ha!” moment, and a wave of other manufacturers jumped on board to capitalize on new TV shows and movies. 这是一个令人惊喜的重大时刻，另一波制造商也加入进来，想利用新的电视节目和电影。 （2020-12）

Exercise

Ⅰ Choose a phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. It is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to __________ discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.

A. quick up

B. hurry up

C. speed up

D. accelerate up

2. Without their help we wouldn’t be able to __________ our difficulties in carrying out the task.

A. look over

B. tide over

C. come over

D. conquer over

3. We need some rope to __________ the boat with.

A. tie with

B. tie to

C. tie up

D. tie out

4. Man can have no greater love than to __________ his life for his friends.

A. lie down

B. lay down

C. lying down

D. laid down

5. Build some breathing room into your schedule so you don’t __________.

A. burn of

B. burn in

C. burn down

D. burn out

6. A good teacher should be able to __________ his students __________ his own keenness for his subject.

A. infect; with

B. affect; on

C. effect; with

D. influence; on

7. I believe people should live in houses that allow them to __________ the harsh realities of life.

A. withdraw from

B. retreat from

C. pull out from

D. deviate from

8. Water can __________ rocks after a long time, even though the rock is harder.

A. wear on

B. wear off

C. wear out

D. wear away

9. A dishonest person is bound to __________ setbacks sooner or later.

A. catch with

B. come to

C. meet on

D. encounter with

10. A fund was launched to set up a monument __________ the dead.

A. in memory of

B. in respect of

C. in mark of

D. in thought of

Ⅱ Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases according to the list you have just learned.

1. Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to __________ care __________ （提供） sick spouses. （2019-06）

2. The aquifers __________ 1,000 __________ （范围从……到……） 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. （2018-12）

3. I tried to call you but I couldn’t __________ （接通电话） .

4. Without some facts to support you, you’re __________ （站不住脚） with that argument.

5. They need a leader they can __________ （信任） .

6. It’s often necessary to __________ （仔细检查） the same ground more than once.

7. They are sitting __________ （保持中立） and refusing to commit themselves.

8. We __________ （意识到） the potential problems and have taken every precaution.

9. Our success depends upon how well we can __________ （与……合作） one another.

10. A sentence can be __________ （分成） meaningful segments.