List 2

make allowance(s) for

【释】 体谅某人；考虑到某人

【例】 Everyone makes mistakes, so we should make allowances for others. 每个人都会犯错误，所以我们应该体谅他人。

【同】 be considerate of

sketch out

【释】 概略地叙述；草拟

【例】 We’re having a meeting to sketch out a new business plan. 我们在开会草拟一份新的业务计划。

【同】 draw up

make up

【释】 构成；编造；补足（某数量，时间）；和好；补考

【例】 Although women make up the majority of undergraduates in our universities, just under half of academic staff are female. 在我们大学，虽然本科生中女性占了大多数，但在教学人员中，只有不到一半是女性。 （2020-07）

be eager to

【释】 盼望，渴望要做……

【例】 Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Carême.巴黎有很多人都渴望看看卡雷姆最新做的甜点。 （2018-12）

【同】 be eager for

sort out

【释】 把……分类；解决；整理

【例】 Leaving children to sort out their own problems can sometimes be good to their development. 有时，让孩子解决自己的问题有助于他们的发展。

stand at

【释】 达到特定水平（或数量、高度等）

【例】 But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US. 但鉴于美国目前的总体肥胖率仍保持在36.5%，这些改变还没有能够从创纪录的肥胖水平上反映出来。 （2018-12）

【同】 arrive at

think out

【释】 仔细考虑；想出

【例】 We must think out a plan for developing the business. 我们一定要想出一个计划来发展我们的生意。

【同】 find out; work out

come apart

【释】 破碎；脱离

【例】 These toys aren’t well made—they come apart far too easily. 这些玩具做得不好——太容易散架了。

【同】 fall to pieces

carry out

【释】 执行，实行；贯彻；实现；完成

【例】 Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.制作可以与某个项目相关，但它是由学生自己创造和实现的。 （2019-06）

【同】 carry through

let alone

【释】 更不必说；听任

【例】 Trust is fundamental to life. If you can’t trust anything, life becomes intolerable. You can’t have relationships without trust, let alone good ones. 信任是人生所必需的。如果你什么都无法相信，那么生活就会变得无法忍受。没有信任就无法建立关系，更不必说好的关系了。 （2020-12）

out of tune

【释】 走调；不一致，不协调

【例】 Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. 当前的生活结构、职业道路、教育选择和社会规范与正在出现的寿命延长这一现实是脱节的。 （2019-06）

【同】 out of line

take into account

【释】 考虑；重视；体谅

【例】 We must take into account the time factor in achieving our plans and our actions. 在实施计划和开展行动时，我们必须将时间因素考虑在内。

【同】 take account of

build on

【释】 以……为基础；建立于

【例】 It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on former tidal flats along the Yellow Sea. （松岛）距离首尔大约1小时车程，建在黄海沿岸的旧滩涂上。 （2019-12）

【同】 build upon

turn out

【释】 证明是；结果是

【例】 In our stimulation-rich world, it seems unrealistic that boredom could occur at all. Yet, there are valid reasons boredom may feel so painful. As it turns out , boredom might signal the fact that you have a need that isn’t being met. 在我们这个充满刺激的世界里，无聊可能会发生似乎是完全不现实的。然而，无聊可能会让人感到痛苦是有充分理由的。事实证明，无聊可能意味着你的需求没有得到满足。 （2021-06）

【同】 result in

on earth

【释】 根本（常用在否定句中）；究竟，到底

【例】 “There’s no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell,” says Sidney Pierce from the University of South Florida. 南佛罗里达大学的西德尼·皮尔斯称：“海藻的基因根本不可能在动物细胞里起作用。” （2019-12）

【同】 in heaven

put off

【释】 推迟；使……等待；把……搪塞过去；使反感；使对……失去兴趣

【例】 Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are. 那些把任务推迟到最后一刻的学生往往感到考试比实际难度更难。 （2020-07）

apply for

【释】 申请；请求

【例】 I should like to apply for the position of Sales Director. 我想申请销售部总监一职。

in the very beginning

【释】 在一开始，在刚开始

【例】 But in the very beginning , there was just Carême, the top chef who elevated dining into art. 但最初，只有卡雷姆这位顶级厨师将饮食提高到了艺术的层次。 （2018-12）

bring up

【释】 提出；养育

【例】 Many women still take career breaks to bring up their children. 许多女性仍然为养育孩子而中断事业。

screw up

【释】 弄糟；破坏；把（纸片）揉成团

【例】 But disasters can still wound us. They can screw us up and set us back. 但是灾难仍然会伤害我们。它们可以把我们搞砸，让我们受挫。 （2021-06）

at no time

【释】 决不，从不

【例】 At no time should you endanger yourself or others. 任何情况下都不要危及自己和他人。

allow for

【释】 考虑到；为……留出余地

【例】 Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value in print books over digital forms of books. 学生可以使用突出显示、便利贴、折角和其他一些技巧进行进一步定制，这种定制让学生更看重纸质图书而不是数字媒体形式的图书。 （2019-12）

pass on

【释】 去世；逝世

【例】 The great scientist passed on at the age of 91. 那位伟大的科学家91岁去世。

in effect

【释】 实际上；生效

【例】 That deal would create, in effect , the world’s biggest TV production line. 实际上，那笔交易将造就世界最大的电视机生产线。

【同】 in fact; in practice; in reality

carve up

【释】 瓜分；划分

【例】 The dark days when imperialism could carve up the world at will are gone for ever. 帝国主义可以任意瓜分世界的黑暗时代一去不复返了。

【同】 divide up

bit by bit

【释】 一点一点地；逐步地

【例】 Bit by bit memories of the night came back to me. 我一点一点地回忆起了那晚的点点滴滴。

【同】 little by little; step by step

go ahead

【释】 前进；进行

【例】 We should adjust our aim from time to time in order to go ahead continuously. 我们应该时不时地调整自己的目标，以便继续前进。

set off

【释】 出发；动身，启程；引爆；引发；激起

【例】 When setting off on a long walk, it’s important to wear suitable shoes. 穿合适的鞋对出发去远足很重要。

【同】 set out

contribute to

【释】 有助于；捐献；导致，促成

【例】 An in-depth study of differences between human languages contributes to a true understanding of cognitive differences between cultures. 对人类语言之间差异的深入研究有助于真正理解文化间的认知差异。 （2021-06）

fill up

【释】 填补；装满；充满

【例】 We fill up our lives with meaningless tasks. 我们终日忙忙碌碌，过得毫无意义。

【同】 fill in

take into consideration

【释】 顾及；考虑到……

【例】 Even if you are prescribing medication, you must take into consideration cultural beliefs on medicines. 即使你是开处方药，也必须考虑到关于药物的文化信仰。

【同】 take account of

benefit from

【释】 得益于；得利于

【例】 Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. 越来越多的研究结果显示食物具有治疗或者逆转疾病的能力，但这并不意味着单靠饮食就总能解决问题，也不能说明每一种疾病的治疗都能通过饮食的改变而获益良多。 （2018-12）

【同】 benefit by

tear apart

【释】 使（人们）不和；使分裂；使痛苦；裂开；撕开

【例】 I can’t just sit here and let these people tear apart my family like this. 我不能就这样坐视这些人破坏我的家庭。

in tune with

【释】 （与……）一致，协调

【例】 These proposals are perfectly in tune with our own thoughts on the subject. 这些建议与我们在这个问题上的想法完全一致。

【同】 at one with; in agreement with

pay off

【释】 还清；（某行动）取得成功；带来好结果

【例】 I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 我得在离开该国前还清所有债务。

turn up

【释】 出现；找到；发现

【例】 I discovered that decades of investigation have failed to turn up any evidence that homework is beneficial for students in elementary school. 我发现，数十年的调查并没有发现任何证据显示家庭作业对小学生是有益的。

lead into

【释】 进入；导致，引起

【例】 A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. 一座有浅蓝色大环的桥通向商业区。 （2019-12）

【同】 result in

beat up

【释】 暴打，痛打

【例】 The robbers not only took his money but beat him up badly. 匪徒不仅抢了他的钱，还把他毒打了一顿。

in so far as

【释】 至于……；就……

【例】 In so far as my ability, I will try my best to help you out of the trouble. 在我的能力所及之处，我会尽力帮助你摆脱困境。

【同】 in the case of

fall on

【释】 落到；袭击；降临

【例】 In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. 事实上，掉的是一个土豆煎饼，并且它掉在了灶台上，不是地板上。 （2018-12）

【同】 fall upon

in sum

【释】 总之；大体上

【例】 In sum , I think university students should not waste their time and energy to doing business. 总之，我认为大学生不应该浪费他们的时间和精力去经商。

【同】 to sum up; all in all

be harmful to

【释】 对……有害

【例】 But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive and emotional vitality. 但是即使人们能够在经济上支持65岁退休，三十多年的潜在性运动缺乏对于认知上以及情感上的活力都是有害的。 （2019-06）

【同】 be bad for; do harm to

be believed to

【释】 被认为

【例】 The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number of suicides in the last six years. 他表示，如若不然，只能坐视该学区将来成为第二个加利福尼亚州的帕罗奥图学区。人们认为，帕罗奥图学区青少年学生所承受的巨大压力导致过去六年发生了众多自杀事件。 （2018-06）

look up to

【释】 尊敬

【例】 The most important one is holding a position that other people look up to . 最重要的就是处在一个令别人尊敬的地位。

【同】 have respect for

allow of

【释】 容许

【例】 The internal affairs of any country, whether it’s big or small, do not allow of external interference. 一个国家无论大小，它的内政都不容许外部干涉。

swear off

【释】 发誓戒除；放弃

【例】 If one spouse quit smoking, the other was six to eight times more likely to swear off cigarettes, too. 如果配偶中的一方戒烟了，另一方戒掉香烟的可能性会高6~8倍。

die from

【释】 死于；因……而死

【例】 Millions die early from air pollution each year. 每年，有数百万人因空气污染而早逝。 （2018-12）

【同】 die of

wind up

【释】 完成；停止（活动）；摇上车窗

【例】 The president is about to wind up his visit to Somalia. 总统即将结束对索马里的访问。

reckon with

【释】 处理；对付；预料到

【例】 I have to reckon with many problems every day. 我每天要处理许多问题。

【同】 cope with

knock out

【释】 敲空；击倒；使精疲力竭

【例】 He has now knocked out most of the other competitors. 现在他已击败了大多数的其他竞赛者。

【同】 knock down

seek to

【释】 追求；争取；力图

【例】 Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. 相反，位列第一的理由如下：大约有40%的美国人指出，无论是在政坛还是在企业中，对于女性在力求登上最高领导职位的道路上，往往存在双重标准，她们不得不比她们的男性竞争对手做得更多才能证明自己。 （2019-12）

【同】 go after

in the extreme

【释】 非常，极度

【例】 The journey would be dangerous in the extreme . 这段旅程将会是极其危险的。

get rid of

【释】 摆脱；除去

【例】 They are unable to get rid of their addiction without professional help. 没有专业的帮助，他们是无法摆脱他们的上瘾的。 （2021-06）

steam up

【释】 使蒙上水汽；促进；因……而恼怒生气

【例】 Today’s talk will steam up the economic cooperation between our two countries. 今天的会谈必将促进我们两国间的经济合作。

think back to

【释】 回想过去；回忆起

【例】 I think back to that time and I see my former self. 回想往事，我看到以前的自我。

at intervals

【释】 时时，不时

【例】 She woke him for his medicines at intervals throughout the night. 整个晚上她不时叫醒他，让他吃药。

【同】 from time to time

be devoted to

【释】 专心于；致力于

【例】 “It’s been postponed until 2017,” says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group that is devoted to restoring Venetian art. “它已经被推迟到了2017年。”安娜·萨默斯说道，她是《艺术报纸》的创始人兼首席执行官，同时还是“拯救威尼斯中心”的前负责人，该组织致力于修复威尼斯艺术。

wound up

【释】 紧张的；兴奋的

【例】 I’ve never seen you so wound up . 我从来没有看过你如此紧张。

【同】 stressed out

lay aside

【释】 把……搁置一边；放弃

【例】 My idea is to lay aside all the affairs right today. 我的观点就是今天把所有的事情都放一边。

turn in

【释】 交上；归还

【例】 Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and turn in homework. 数字学习系统现在向学生收取完成学习所需的密码费用，而这些密码是完成课程作业、参加小测试和提交作业所必需的。 （2018-06）

【同】 hand in

Exercise

Ⅰ Choose a phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. We should adapt ourselves to being __________ this ever-changing world.

A. in side with

B. in tune with

C. in one with

D. in tone with

2. Compensation awards should __________ the pain and suffering caused to the victim.

A. take account

B. make account

C. take into account

D. make into account

3. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents __________ to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. （2017-12）

A. turn out

B. turn in

C. turn on

D. turn off

4. Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America’s largest population group, Millennials, will continue to __________ buying a house. （2017-06）

A. put on

B. put off

C. put in

D. put out

5. The old media giants are working together to kill off innovative online competitors and __________ the market for themselves.

A. carve up

B. divide on

C. tell apart

D. tear off

6. Our company will have to __________ our opponent’s strong points.

A. reckon with

B. put in

C. deal to

D. think on

7. If you have never held a driving license before, you should __________ a provisional license.

A. apply with

B. apply for

C. apply to

D. apply from

8. These experts have very definite ideas on how to __________ children.

A. bring with

B. bring in

C. bring on

D. bring up

9. Depressed emotions can __________ stress-related disorders.

A. attribute to

B. attribute with

C. contribute to

D. contribute with

10. We urged them to __________ the problem sooner rather than later.

A. sort out

B. resolve to

C. find about

D. work in

Ⅱ Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases according to the list you have just learned.

1. No matter what we do, we should __________ （决不） go against nature.

2. __________ （在刚开始） of a speech, it is very important to grab the audience’s attention and make them interested in what you will have to say.

3. His father began to lose his memory __________ （一点一点地） , becoming increasingly forgetful.

4. It’s possible to __________ （草拟） a new business plan in a few days.

5. Major efforts should __________ （致力于） developing education by developing intellectual resources.

6. The staff will __________ （争取） help you through every step of the job search process.

7. When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to __________ （摆脱） it.

8. Her theories were __________ （不协调） with the scientific thinking of the time.

9. I feel that women in all types of employment can __________ （受益于） joining a union.

10. __________ （总之） , we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society.