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问：主旨题有哪几类题型？
答： 主旨题的题型通常有三类：第一类是Topic/Title型，第二类是Main Idea型，第三类是Purpose型。主旨题的提问形式如下（但不局限于以下提问形式，要依据具体情况进行判断）：
1. Topic/Title型常见提问方式
What is the best title for the passage?
Which of the following would be the best title for this text?
The best title for this passage might be ______.
2. Main Idea型常见提问方式
What is mainly discussed in the text?
The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ______.
What's the main idea of the third paragraph?
3. Purpose型常见提问方式
The author's main purpose in writing the passage is ______.
What is the author's main purpose in this passage?
问：主旨题有哪几种解题方法？
答： 主旨题有段落主旨题和全文主旨题两大类，常见的解题方法有三种：1. 转折法；2. 首末法；3. 首末法+转折法。下面我们就通过历年真题来进一步阐述主旨题的解题方法。
★温馨提示： 全文主旨题通常应放在文章的最后做，因为在解答本文其他题目的过程中我们可以对文章有更深入的了解，这样到最后做主旨题时也更有把握。
1. 转折法
问：什么是转折法？
答： 转折法是指在文章的首段、第二段开头或末段出现but、however、although、while、in fact等表示转折意义的标志词时，转折词后面的内容往往就是解题的关键。
★温馨提示： 除了主旨题可以运用转折法外，细节题、词汇题、推断题等都可以运用转折法。另外，转折标志词不管出现在文章的哪个地方，其后面的信息都非常重要，往往就是答案所在。
真题再现一
How do you feel about nature? After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park? Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside . For example, the number of visitors to Canada's national parks is getting lower every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century. [江西卷]
1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?
A. Teenagers' problem in the 21st century.
B. How much time we spend outdoors.
C. Visiting your local park.
D. Feeling about nature.
解析：
本题为段落主旨题。对比四个选项发现，A选项讲青少年问题，B选项讲我们花在户外的时间，C选项讲去当地公园参观，D选项讲我们对大自然的感觉。从第一段的However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside可知，本文主要讲述人们花在户外的时间多少的问题。所以答案为 ______。
真题再现二
There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food, taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night . The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough .
Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as “lazy”. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don't have much time to sleep, and they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you'll do.
How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas, an expert in sleep. He says, “Sleep is like a credit card. When you sleep less, you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don't sleep, the more hours you should sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleep credit card’.”
For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said, “Don't think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.” [天津卷]
2. What is the best title of the passage?
A. The Value of Sleep
B. The Value of Study
C. The Ways of Eating Less
D. The Ways of Making Money
解析：
本题为全文主旨题。根据首段的两个but可知，本文可以用“转折法”解题。对比四个选项发现，A选项讲睡眠的价值，B选项讲学习的价值，C选项讲少吃的方法，D选项讲赚钱的方法。从第一段的But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough可知，本文主要讲述睡眠的问题。所以答案为 ______。
2. 首末法
问：什么是首末法？
答： 首末法是指文章主旨通常出现在文章的首段或末段，或首末段都提到主旨。这种解题方法通常和文章的结构有密切的关系，常见的结构模式有三种：1. 总分结构；2. 分总结构；3. 总分总结构。我们在阅读时要注意分析辨别。
真题再现三
Everyone needs help sometimes. People depend on one another. That's why communities have special people ready to lend a helping hand to anyone who needs it .
For example, what would we do without a community fire station? If a home catches on fire, as the Jackson place did last week, it might be burned down and people get hurt…or worse. We're so lucky to have firemen to come to save people and put out the fire, safely. If the fire station hadn't come so fast, the Jacksons might have lost everything.
And what about our local police who protect our families, our homes and valuable things? The police have helped so many families this past year, especially saving people and pets and protecting our houses and other things after the heavy rains.
Think about all the other service workers we have in this community. We have people who collect waste and rubbish and keep our community sanitary. We have road workers who put up and repair traffic signs and fix holes in the streets to protect not just us, but our cars! And where would this community be without the teachers in our school and the doctors, and nurses in our community hospitals?
Think again about what we eat every day; think again about what we wear every day. We cannot produce them, but we use them all the time. We get a lot from all these tireless workers who keep our community running. We need these people in the community. We depend on each other. Let's support each other and help each other. Only in this way can we make our community a better place . [河北卷]
3. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Policemen Save People's Lives
B. People Depend on Each Other
C. Service Workers Do Important Jobs
D. Workers Keep Community Running
解析：
本文是典型的“总—分—总”模式文章，我们可以运用“首末法”来解题，文章首末段是重点。本文首段主要讲述人们需要互相帮助和互相依靠，这就是为什么社区有一群人在他人需要帮助时伸出援手。本文首尾呼应，再一次强调了相互帮助的重要性，所以本题答案为______。
3. 首末法+转折法
不少文章可以综合运用“首末法+转折法”，从两个角度综合来判断文章主旨。
真题再现四
From tiny seeds , great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China's Chang'e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world .
This is yet another success for Chang'e 4. On January 2, the probe became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang'e 4's mission is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang'e 4 carried a mini﹣garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground), and so they always shoot upwards. The moon's gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth's, so Chang'e 4's experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon? Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can't stand the cold (it can drop to ﹣170℃ on the moon at night). However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space . [福建卷]
4. The text is mainly about ______．
A. another success for Chang'e 4
B. Chang'e 4 moon lander
C. tiny seeds in the soil
D. the steps of an experiment
解析：
本文可以用“首末法+转折法”解题，本文首段讲述了由嫦娥四号登月探测器携带的迷你小花园成为在另一个世界生长的植物的家。末段通过However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space再一次首末呼应，通过实验证明了植物在外太空生长是可能的。所以本题答案为 ______。
KEY
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. A
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。本章节重点练习主旨题。
In the past, I thought I was terrible at many things, such as math, French and science. Although I was good at drawing, I wasn't the best in my art class. I wanted to find out who I was, what I liked and how I could do it better. So, that winter, I took a notebook and kept my diary. When I filled that notebook, I started another one, and then another.
Keeping a diary helps a lot. Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better. It helps people remember what once happened such as dreams, friendships and happiness. Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on. Personally, I learn better about myself and my relationships with others by keeping a diary. For example, when I am fighting with my dad, I'll try writing from his point and it works! If I want to compare myself with my classmates, I'll write something like, “I might not have clear skin, but I like my eyes.”
Right about now, you might be thinking: it sounds great, but I'm not a good writer; or I'd love to keep a diary, but my handwriting is terrible. Don't worry! Keeping a diary is not like doing your homework—there are no rules, so do whatever feels best.
1. What was the writer good at in the past?
A. Math.
B. French.
C. Science.
D. Drawing.
2. What does the underlined word “them” refer to ?
A. Studies.
B. Bad feelings.
C. Friendships.
D. Brains.
3. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. Reasons for fighting with Dad.
B. Rules of comparing with others.
C. Ways of having clear skin.
D. Advantages of keeping a diary.
Xiao Liuying is an old man living in a village near the Yangtze River. He used to be a fisherman. But now he is head of a voluntary team that cleans waste from the Yangtze river.
To protect finless porpoises and the Yangtze River, the government has stopped people from fishing on the river. In 2019, Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen. Today the team has more than 50 members. All of them are over 60 years old. “We want to protect the river while we can,” said Xiao.
Every week, the team go along the river to collect waste and make sure no one is fishing on the river. Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station, while some that can be reused is sold. So far, they have cleaned over 50 tons of waste. Thanks to their hard work, the Yangtze River is getting clearer.
1. How many members were there in the team when it was formed?
A. 12.
B. 13.
C. 50.
D. 62.
2. What does the underlined word “disposal” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. 处理
B. 传播
C. 救护
D. 保养
3. What is the best title for the text?
A. Fishing on the Yangtze River.
B. Tons of Waste in the Yangtze River.
C. Reasons for Protecting the Yangtze River.
D. A Voluntary Team Protecting the Yangtze River.
Both of my two sons were born in Toronto, but they moved with us to Ottawa when they were quite young. They went to school there, grew up there. Later, one of my sons went to Canada's east coast near a city called Halifax and the other moved to the west coast to Vancouver. My wife and I were left in the middle.
As we nearly retired , we started to think where we should spend our final years. For several reasons we decided to live on a small town on Vancouver Island, where was close to one of my sons. However, the son moved to Hollywood soon after he had got another job there. I helped him move.
We still lived a happy life in our little west coast town, but we have paid a price. We have not been there for some important events such as the births of our grandchildren. We have missed watching them grow up; we have missed backyard barbecues and basketball weekends with them. Our home, while very comfortable, was also very quiet .
Every fall we travel to see the children. We usually fly, first to California to see our son Scott and spend a week or more with him trying to catch up on everything we've missed. Then, usually in November, we make the even longer trip east across Canada to see Travis and our grandchildren, who were about their twenties.
Fortunately, both our sons are doing well and grandchildren are growing up straight and tall. We love all of them and they love us. We're very happy but there are times I think about the things we didn't see: the tears or the smile on the granddaughter's face, their school graduations, my son's joy at successes in business.
Life has been good for our family but we have all paid a price.
1. The writer's sons grew up in ______.
A. Toronto
B. Ottawa
C. Halifax
D. Vancouver
2. From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, we can infer that the writer ______.
A. wanted to live a noisy life
B. was satisfied with retired life
C. lived a comfortable life
D. was sometimes lonely
3. Which of the following important events did the writer miss?
A. The births of his grandchildren.
B. School graduations of his grandchildren.
C. The successful times of his son's business.
D. All of the above.
4. For his family life, the writer implies ______.
A. they all regret not living together all the time although enjoying a
happy life
B. they enjoy a happy life because they can see each other every year
C. they are proud of the sons and the grandchildren
D. they love the sons and the grandchildren
5. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Living a happy life.
B. A price to pay.
C. Moving from east to west.
D. My sons and grandchildren.
Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form. Having a history of about 200 years, it is developed from many other drama forms, mostly from the local drama “Huiban”. It was especially popular in south China during the 18th century.
Theatrical art forms in many other counties do not have singing, dancing and spoken parts together in one single drama. An opera singer, for example, neither dances nor speaks on stage; there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play; in a dance drama, the dancer doesn't speak or sing. Traditional Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind of entertainment. It includes spoken parts, singing and dancing.
Beijing Opera has spread to many other places. Mei Lanfang, one of the most famous performers of all, was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made lightly successful tours to foreign countries.
“You will doubt and sometimes be a little bored, but you will be interested gradually. You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera, even if you know nothing about the drama background.” This is how one traveler described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is China's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions. Welcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera!
1. Beijing Opera is ______.
A. unpopular in north China
B. only developed from the local drama “Huiban”
C. a much larger Chinese opera form
D. a Chinese traditional drama art form
2. After watching Beijing Opera for the first time, the traveler felt ______.
A. busy
B. nervous
C. interested
D. uneasy
3. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph means ______.
A. Beijing Opera
B. local dramas
C. an opera singer
D. a modern play
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Beijing Opera is a kind of entertainment.
B. An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage usually.
C. Only old people are interested in Beijing Opera.
D. Mei Lanfang was the first one to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners.
5. The main purpose of writing the passage is to ______.
A. ask young people to learn Beijing Opera
B. tell us something about Beijing Opera
C. show why Beijing Opera is popular in Europe
D. introduce everything about foreign opera
本文讲述了写日记的好处。
1. 解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段 Although I was good at drawing可知，作者过去擅长画画，故答案为D。
2. 解析： 词义推断题。本题属于词汇题中的指代题。指代题的解题关键在于上文中出现的名词或短语，因此根据 Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on可知，them指的是bad feelings（不好的感觉），即写下不好的感觉也可以帮助大脑克服它们并继续运转，故答案为B。
3. 解析： 段落大意题。本题可以使用“首末法”解题。根据第二段的首句Keeping a diary helps a lot可知，本段主要介绍写日记的优点，故答案为D。
本文主要讲述了一队志愿者通过清理垃圾来保护长江和江豚的故事。
1. 解析： 细节理解题。根据选项的数字信息定位到文章第二段In 2019, Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen，由此可知，志愿队有12名其他成员，包括Xiao Liuying在内共13名，故选B。
2. 解析： 词义推断题。本题可用“反义转折法”解题。根据文章第三段while some that can be reused is sold可知，一些可以再利用的垃圾则被出售。while在此处表转折，那么上文的语义就应该是“一些垃圾不可以再利用”，因此，他们收集的那些无法再利用的垃圾被送到垃圾处理站，故选A。
3. 解析： 主旨大意题。本题可以采用“转折法+首末法”。根据文章第一段But now he is head of a voluntary team that cleans waste from the Yangtze river以及末段Thanks to their hard work, the Yangtze River is getting clearer可知，在清理长江垃圾的志愿队的帮助下，长江的水越来越清澈了，故选D。
本文讲述了作者和家人因为工作关系天各一方，虽然生活惬意，但他们付出了代价。
1. 解析： 细节理解题。本题用“转折法”解题。根据第一段but they moved with us to Ottawa when they were quite young. They went to school there, grew up there可知，儿子在渥太华长大，故选B。
2. 解析： 细节推理题。根据Our home, while very comfortable, was also very quiet可知，作者虽然生活很舒服，但是过于宁静，因此推测作者有的时候感到孤单，故选D。注意C不是推测，而是事实。
3. 解析： 细节理解题。根据We're very happy but there are times I think about the things we didn't see: the tears or the smile on the granddaughter's face, their school graduations, my son's joy at successes in business可知，作者错过的重要事情有：孙女脸上的泪水和微笑，孙子孙女学校的毕业典礼，儿子生意上的成功喜悦，故选D。
4. 解析： 全文推断题。本题属于全文推断题，所以可用“首末法+转折法”解题。根据末段 Life has been good for our family but we have all paid a price可知，尽管作者退休生活很惬意，但是付出的代价也很大，错过了孩子们所有成长的瞬间，这也是让他遗憾的事，故选A。
5. 解析： 主旨大意题。本题可用“首末法+转折法”解题。根据最后一段Life has been good for our family but we have all paid a price可知，本文主要讲述了作者和家人因为工作关系天各一方，虽然生活惬意，但他们也付出了代价，所以最适合本文的标题是“付出的代价”，故选B。
本文主要讲述了中国传统戏曲京剧的相关知识。
1. 解析： 细节理解题。本题用“定位法”解题。根据题干线索Beijing Opera定位到第一段Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form，可知京剧是中国传统戏曲艺术形式之一，也是中国最大的戏曲形式之一，故选D。
2. 解析： 细节理解题。本题用“定位法+转折法”解题。根据题干信息the traveler定位到第四段中“You will doubt and sometimes be a little bored, but you will be interested gradually. You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera, even if you know nothing about the drama background.” This is how one traveler described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera（“你会怀疑，有时会有点无聊，但你会逐渐感兴趣。你会被京剧深深吸引，即使你对京剧的背景一无所知。”一位旅行者这样描述他第一次看京剧的经历）。故选C。
3. 解析： 词义推断题。本题属于指示代词题，解题关键在于“就近原则，往回寻找”。根据最后一段中Beijing Opera is China's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions，可知此处it指的是前半部分中的名词Beijing Opera（京剧），故选A。
4. 解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段An opera singer, for example, neither dances nor speaks on stage和Traditional Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind of entertainment可知，A和B正确。根据第三段Mei Lanfang, one of the most famous performers of all, was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners可知，D正确。文章中并没有说只有老年人对京剧感兴趣，故选C。
5. 解析： 主旨大意题。本题用“首末法”解题。根据文章首段 Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form和末段Beijing Opera is China's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions. Welcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera可知，本文主要给我们讲述了京剧的相关知识，故选B。