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回到；降低到
【例】It is difficult for me to drop back to business after a 7-day foreign holiday. 我去国外度了7天的假后，很难回归到工作状态中。
对…不利；违背（意愿等）
【例】The jury’s verdict went against her. 陪审团的裁定对她不利。
充分利用；尽力而为
【例】He made the best of the opportunity and finally succeeded. 他充分利用了这次机会，最终取得了成功。
务必，一定；当然可以
【例】You should by all means tell him the truth before he leaves for America. 你一定要在他去美国之前告诉他事情的真相。
一定做某事；有法律责任或义务做某事
【真】Someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. 一定会有人指出这充其量也就是保持邮政业务运转的基本条件，而不是全面改革。
[2018年英语（一）阅读]
【拓】have an obligation to do sth. 有义务做某事
避免接近，远离
【真】McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to keep away from political influences. 迈克里维反对国际会计委员会（IASB）远离政治影响的意图。
[2010年英语（一）阅读]
与…同样；与…一起
【真】 Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. 和新加坡一样，其他国家的政府和大型企业也开始制定它们自己的指导方针。
[2019年英语（一）阅读]
【拓】get along with 与…和睦相处
整个，全部；普遍地；一般地；自由的
【例】The chances of getting reforms accepted by the community at large remain remote. 让社会普遍都接受改革的希望仍然渺茫。
详细地，详尽地
【真】It was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. 各大报纸的评论员们对所报道的事件进行详尽的评述是理所当然的事情。
[2010年英语（一）阅读]
对…失去信心；不再信任
【真】It has more or less lost faith in markets. 它已经或多或少地对市场失去了信心。
[2011年英语（二）阅读]
【拓】lose confidence in 失去对…的信心
受到攻击或批判；在战火下
【真】Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee. 西蒙斯女士因就职于高盛的薪酬委员会而受到猛烈抨击。
[2011年英语（二）阅读]
找到（解决方法）；进展顺利；锻炼
【真】Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. 然而，新系统并没有实现为大学提供更便宜的服务。
[2020年英语（一）阅读]
适应
【真】The original purpose of grade forgiveness is to help freshmen adapt to college learning. “分数宽恕”的初衷是为了帮助大学新生适应大学的学习。
[2019年英语（一）阅读]
看；检查；研究；看待
【真】In adulthood, looking at someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. 成年后，以一种愉快的方式看着别人可能是一种表示关注的赞美信号。
[2020年英语（一）阅读]
代表；可作为典型
【真】The Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. 最高法院要求陪审团要代表社会的各个阶层。
[2010年英语（二）阅读]
就这个问题，在这方面
【真】The firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before. 在这方面，该公司曾经将其一些其他产品与谷歌的产品进行过比较。
[2013年英语（一）阅读]
起…作用，具有…功能
【真】The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. 20世纪下半叶出现了一批天才、勇士、企业家和畅想家，他们合力创造了一台不可思议的神奇机器，它集打字机和印刷机、摄影室和剧院、画笔和美术馆、钢琴和收音机、邮件以及邮递员等诸多功能于一身。
[2012年英语（一）阅读]
有资格获得某事物
【真】It was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. 直到20世纪40年代，大多数州才让女性有资格加入陪审团。
[2010年英语（二）阅读]
【拓】be eligible to do sth. 有资格做某事
有资格…
【例】The renowned author is eminently qualified to explore the topic. 那位著名的作家非常有资格探讨这一主题。
解放；使摆脱；免于
【真】Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. 同理，自动化最终也会推动生产力的发展，通过降低物价来刺激需求，将工人们从繁重、枯燥的工作中解放出来。
[2018年英语（一）阅读]
办理失业登记
【真】Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on .（失业）最初的那几天应该用来找工作，而不是指望被登记在册。
[2014年英语（一）阅读]
有时，偶尔
【例】Several tests may fail at times , which proves designers need to put more effort. 几个测试有时候可能会失败，这证明设计师需要付出更多的努力。
【拓】once in a while 偶尔，有时
说出；出现；发表；公开表明
【真】You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out . 你想要说点什么——第一个字——但是就是说不出口。
[2018年英语（二）阅读]
与…类似；与…相同；与…平行
【真】On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 另一方面，这一学科将这些概念同日常生活结合起来，这种做法与新闻记者日常报道和评论新闻时的做法是相似的。
[2007年英语（一）翻译]
努力做某事
【真】 Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading. 试着把它放到待办事项列表里，这样你就可以只处理目标明确的阅读了。
[2016年英语（二）阅读]
用脚踢；撵走；开除
【例】In 1985, he was effectively kicked out of Apple for being unproductive and uncontrollable. 事实上，1985年，他因为效率低下和不好控制而被从苹果公司赶了出去。
谈论，讨论
【真】There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion. 我们当时会说目标、策略，但是我们不提精力，不提热情。
[2015年英语（二）阅读]
不愿意做某事
【真】Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. 尽管存在这些因素，但许多社会科学家却似乎不情愿解决这些问题。
[2013年英语（一）阅读]
【拓】be unwilling to do sth. 不愿意做某事
移民到…
【真】The architect emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. 那位建筑师在二战前移民到美国，并在美国的一些建筑大学从事工作。
[2011年英语（二）阅读]
解决；整理；将…拣出
【真】The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now. 那时法官们不得不为轿车作为新的私人领域细化新的准则；现在他们则必须解决如何让第四条修正案适用于数字信息这一问题。
[2015年英语（一）阅读]
迅速完成；效仿，模仿
【真】It took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off . 博蒙特花了几十年时间来完善自己的技艺；她的例子是无法效仿的。
[2013年英语（一）阅读]
担心，担忧
【真】Perhaps this is why many worry about the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. 也许，这就是为什么有这么多人担心会陷入一个令人极度痛苦、沉闷的没有工作的未来。
[2017年英语（二）完形填空]
达到；由…决定；是…的职责
【真】The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women— up to 60 percent. 欧盟正考虑立法，强制公司董事会吸收一定比例的女性，这个比例可高达60%。
[2013年英语（二）阅读]
【拓】be down to 由…负责
默认情况下；由于对手缺席（而胜出）
【真】There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. 没有人能保证默认设置“禁止追踪”（DNT）会成为一种规范。
[2013年英语（一）阅读]
仔细考虑；翻转；移交
【例】He didn’t say anything but you could see him turning things over in his mind. 他什么也不说，但你可以看出来他在考虑事情。
供使用
【真】Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. 口香糖曾经主要由青春期男孩购买，现在在商业广告中作为饭后的口气清新剂和牙齿清洁剂大肆宣传。
[2010年英语（二）阅读]
产生；发表
【例】Their efforts they made during the two years will surely bring forth good fruit. 他们在那两年中付出的努力必将产生好的结果。
把…归因于
【真】Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples. 有些人（人类学家）把每一项重要的文化成就都归功于少数几个民族，尤其是有天赋的民族的发明创造。
[2009年英语（一）阅读]
把…看作；认为
【真】More artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring. 许多艺术家开始把快乐看作无意义的、虚伪的，甚至是令人厌烦的东西。
[2006年英语（一）阅读]
与…竞争
【真】However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. 然而，在学习那门课程期间我发现，在时尚设计领域，我并没有优秀到将来可以和其他那些极具创意的精英人物竞争，所以我断定那条路不适合我。
[2017年英语（二）翻译]
下降；落下
【真】Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. 自从那时，它可能降到了500亿美元。
[2010年英语（二）阅读]
欣然或急切地接受（建议等）
【例】Surely any smart entrepreneur would jump at a chance to make profits on those deals. 显然，任何一个聪明的企业家都不会错过从这些买卖中赚钱的机会。
【拓】accept v. 接受 ‖ embrace v. 欣然接受或采取（意见等）
关注；留意
【真】After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. 在你清晰而充分地展开了论文的主体之后，要特别注意引言和结束部分。
[2008年英语（一）阅读]
【拓】value v. 重视
听；听从
【真】He doesn’t listen to me. 他不听我说话。
[2010年英语（二）阅读]
得到授权或许可去…
【真】Drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 驾驶员必须拿到驾照才可以在公共道路上开车。
[2011年英语（二）完形填空]
被迫；感谢
【真】Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads. 广告商被迫提供行为广告。
[2013年英语（一）阅读]
提防，防止，防范
【例】To guard against accidents, the government is trying to take strict measures. 为防范意外的发生，政府正努力采取严格的措施。
即将来临
【真】Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come . 一些艺术品交易商正等待好机会的来临。
[2010年英语（二）阅读]
结果是，证明是；制造，生产
【真】“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,” says Wiles. “我们人类似乎对机器人很着迷，结果表明，其他动物也一样。” 怀尔斯说道。
[2020年英语（二）阅读]
更不用说，更别提
【真】While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. 虽然极少数工匠或农民（更不用说随从或仆人）留下了一些文学作品以待分析，但是很明显，他们的见解不够理智。
[2009年英语（一）阅读]
一半的；半程的；二分之一
【真】 Half of them found a toy; the other half discovered the container was empty—and realized the tester had fooled them. 他们当中一半的人会发现一个玩具；另一半的人会发现容器是空的，并意识到测试员愚弄了他们。
[2018年英语（一）完形填空]
【拓】half off 打五折
出现在脑海中
【真】One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind . 意大利的贝卢斯科尼集团就是一个例子，此外我们能想到的外国集团还有麦斯威尔和默多克。
[2005年英语（一）翻译]
【拓】spring to one’s mind出现在某人的脑海中
承诺，保证；可能；答应
【例】By it’s very nature many of these responsibilities are things we have promised to do for other people—whether that’s someone at work, a friend or family member. 就本质而言，这些责任中很多是我们对其他人承诺要去做的事——不管是与工作相关的人、朋友还是家人。
【拓】keep one’s promise 信守承诺
过时
【真】These are disciplines that are going out of style . 这些学科正日趋没落。
[2011年英语（一）阅读]
违背（诺言、契约等）
【真】It announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state’s strict nuclear regulations. 它宣布不再履行其长期信守的遵守该州严格的核能法规的承诺。
[2012年英语（一）阅读]
就我来说
【真】 For my part , I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. 对于我而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是否是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是否是一位好指挥我都不知道。
[2011年英语（一）阅读]
（所有因素考虑在内）能产生的最好结果
【真】Realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best . 现实的乐观主义者在现有的情况下尽力而为，而不会指望每件事都会有最好的结果。
[2014年英语（二）翻译]
【拓】at one’s/its best 处于最佳状态 ‖ all the best （尤用于告别时）一切顺利
逐渐发展成，逐渐演变成
【真】It was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. 直到“幼童”这个词常常为顾客所用，它才逐渐演变为人们广泛接受的一个成长阶段。
[2012年英语（二）阅读]
吸引；把…卷入（某事）
【真】Tech is designed to really suck you in and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. 技术设计的初衷就是真正地吸引住你，而数码产品的存在实现了人们最大程度的参与度。
[2017年英语（二）阅读]
专为…所有；局限于
【真】But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. 但是，应对突然刺激的快速决定并不只限于人际交往领域。
[2013年英语（二）阅读]
开始从事；占用（时间、精力等）；接受（建议等）
【真】A lot of students take up law as their profession due to the attraction of financial rewards. 许多学生从事法律职业是被该行业的薪资报酬所吸引。
[2014年英语（一）阅读]
回顾，回忆
【真】The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 这种观点认为，人们尚未发觉海洋中已经发生的巨大变化，因为他们只回顾了过去相对较短的一段时期内的情况。
[2006年英语（一）阅读]
缺乏，不足
【真】Stereotypes associated with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. 与肥胖有关的成见包括懒惰、意志薄弱和成功的可能性较低。
[2014年英语（二）完形填空]
赞成，同意
【例】My mother doesn’t approve of my going abroad for further education. 我母亲不同意我出国进修。
【拓】disapprove of 不赞成，不同意
提出重要的或令人信服的意见；自信地提出看法
【真】Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting public health. 关于政府在促进公共卫生方面的角色，当今一流的医生在讨论中发表了重要的意见。
[2011年英语（二）阅读]
大声喊出；召集
【真】As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 当拍卖商喊出报价时，纽约华尔街历史最悠久的银行之一雷曼兄弟申请破产。
[2010年英语（二）阅读]
不例外
【例】People love to get their hands on the latest and greatest technology, and scientists had long believed that early humans were no exception . 人们总喜欢设法得到最新的和最伟大的技术，长期以来，科学家们都相信早期的人类也不例外。
【拓】make an exception (of sb./sth.) 将某人/某事物作为例外
阐述，提出；启程，出发
【真】Some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities. 一些人被建议阐述月度目标和学习活动计划。
[2018年英语（二）阅读]
加速，加快
【例】All this will push your goals deeper into your subconscious and help you speed up your success. 所有这些都有助于你的目标更好地浸入你的潜意识并加速你的成功。
适应；适合；相处融洽；发挥作用
【真】There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. 有两个多余的选项，不适合填入任何空格中。
[2015年英语（一）阅读]
进退两难，左右为难
【词】dilemma n. （进退两难的）窘境，困境
【真】The Supreme Court decision on Thursday will put most online business in a dilemma . 最高法院周四的裁定将使大多数在线业务处于进退两难的境地。
[2019年英语（一）阅读]
负责，主管
【真】And if Peretti were in charge at the Times (The New York Times), “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. 如果佩雷蒂掌管《纽约时报》，他说：“我不会选择要在哪一年结束印刷版。”
[2016年英语（一）阅读]
一天天；逐日
【真】Others were told to plan activities and goals in much time detail day by day . 其余的人被告知要尽可能详细地制定每一天的活动和目标计划。
[2018年英语（二）阅读]
以…的名义；代表
【真】Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union. 以学生会的名义给他们写一封电子邮件。
[2012年英语（一）写作]
【拓】under/by the name of 以…的名义
使某人/某物具有（某特性）；将（某特性）灌输给或注入某人/某物
【词】infuse v. 灌输；注入
【真】These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Rakesh Khurana, another professor, points out, increase allegiance to the firm. 这些词语也试图给工作赋予意义，正如另一位教授拉凯什·库兰纳指出的，这可以增强人们对公司的忠诚感。
[2015年英语（二）阅读]
【拓】infuse sth. into sb./sth. 使某人/某物具有（某特性）；将（某特性）灌输给或注入某人/某物
易患…的；对…敏感的；容易受…影响的
【真】“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital. 据纽约退伍军人管理局医院精神科的主治医师耶胡达称，“与男性相比，女性在应对压力时更容易患上抑郁症和焦虑症。”
[2008年英语（一）阅读]
对…表示同情；赞同
【词】sympathetic a. 同情的；表示同情的；赞同的
【真】The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation. 那些更容易产生负罪感的孩子分享得更多，尽管不可思议的是他们并没有对另一个孩子没有这些东西感到更加同情。
[2019年英语（二）翻译]
优先考虑
【词】priority n. 优先；优先权；优先考虑的事
【真】Generation Zs give top priority to professional training. “Z一代” 把专业培训放在首位。
[2020年英语（一）阅读]
【拓】prioritize v. 按优先顺序列出；优先处理，优先考虑
从…中发现…
【真】To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. 为了查明这一情况是否适用于非生物，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的拉蕾·奎恩及其同事测试了老鼠是否能够觉察到机器鼠发出的社交信号。
[2020年英语（二）阅读]
对…造成破坏
【真】This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also affect your child’s self-esteem. 这不仅可能会破坏你和孩子之间的关系，而且还可能会影响孩子的自尊。
[2020年英语（二）完形填空]
聚集；组织；开会；聚会
【真】Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. 想想把15个人聚在一起并让他们相处融洽有多难，更别说50个人了。
[2020年英语（二）阅读]
围绕…转动；以…为中心
【真】Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. 哥白尼在1543年提出了一个理论：我们所知道的所有行星都不是围绕着地球转的，而是围绕着太阳转的，后来伽利略以牺牲自己的方式维护了这一理论体系。
[2020年英语（一）翻译]
吸引某人的注意
【真】It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room. 在拥挤的房间里，它能引起别人的注意。
[2020年英语（一）阅读]
凝视
【真】We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. 我们知道，一个典型的婴儿会本能地注视妈妈的眼睛，然后妈妈也会回看。
[2020年英语（一）阅读]
失业
【真】They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. 在2008年经济危机期间，那些最受影响的孩子就是他们，当时他们的父母中有很多人失去了工作或毕生的积蓄，或两者都失去了。
[2020年英语（二）阅读]
时常，经常
【真】But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people. 但是，这些政策经常是一种虚伪的道德信号，只惠及最有特权的人，而对普通人帮助甚微。
[2020年英语（一）阅读]
被誉为…
【真】Madrid was hailed as a public health guiding light last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. 去年11月，马德里出台了针对污染最严重的汽车的雄心勃勃的限制措施，被誉为公共健康的指明灯。
[2020年英语（二）阅读]
特别让某人生气；过分逼迫某人
【真】You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can push you just a little too far . 你只是个凡人，有时候，你的孩子可能会让你有点忍无可忍。
[2020年英语（二）完形填空]
1. Of course, stocks could ______ the 20% level, which is the lowest ever.
A. climb up to
B. amount to
C. drop back to
D. stick with
2. Changes are being made here which ______ my principles; so I decide to quit.
A. throw off
B. go against
C. get over
D. keep away from
3. She ______ her success ______ hard work and a bit of luck.
A. applies; to
B. adapt; to
C. accounts; to
D. attributes; to
4. ______, take steps to ensure that boys and girls get the same opportunities.
A. All of a sudden
B. By all means
C. No matter who
D. Once for all
5. A quark cannot exist on its own, but must ______ other quarks or an antiquark.
A. be independent of
B. stay together
C. care for
D. be bound to
6. Their brilliant colors imply a warning to potential predators: ______.
A. keep away
B. wipe out
C. shut up
D. knock off
7. Rather, it should be reserved for those who use deception to gain their wealth by reducing the wealth of the community ______.
A. in a row
B. as a whole
C. at large
D. as soon as possible
8. Retreat ______ is thought to be the most difficult in military operations.
A. under control
B. under fire
C. without rules
D. for good
9. Negotiators are due to meet later today to ______ a compromise.
A. work out
B. work on
C. tease out
D. renege on
10. But some warn that if they fail to ______ the changing market, they will die of hunger.
A. switch to
B. evolve into
C. adapt to
D. use to
1. 但如果你看一下数据，就会发现事情根本不是这样。
But when you ______ ______ the data, you will find that it is not the case.
2. 由于这次调查的样本远远小于人口数目，所以其结果可能不太具有代表性。
Because this survey sample is far thinner than the general population, the results may not ______ ______ ______ the larger public.
3. 酗酒会对你的肝脏以及大脑造成伤害。
Overindulging in alcohol will ______ ______ ______ your liver as well as your brain.
4. 根据你所在国家的法律规定，你可能会符合兼职失业救济金的申领条件。
You may ______ ______ ______ part-time unemployment benefits according to your state’s laws.
5. 这里的关键就是你要让自己摆脱所有的烦恼，然后回归本心。
The key here is to set you ______ ______ all the worrying and to go back to your heart.
6. 即使你在英国待了两年，你也不会因此就具备教英语的资格。
Even if you stay in England for two years, you will not ______ ______ ______ teach English.
7. 其他参与讨论的国家——中国、日本、韩国和俄罗斯都不愿意看到双边会谈。
The other nations involved in the discussions—China, Japan, South Korea and Russia—would ______ ______ ______ see bilateral talks.
8. 要说什么可以造就成功的婚姻，那忠诚就是第一位的。
Faithfulness ______ ______ top of the list when it comes to what makes a good marriage.
9. 然而，同时，这些外界参与者应当担负更多社会责任。
In ______ ______ this, however, more social responsibilities fall on those outsiders.
10. 将这些账单、发票和花销尽快整理好，然后做个详细的账目。
______ ______ these bills, invoices, and expenses as quickly as possible and keep detailed accounts.
Ⅰ 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C
Ⅱ
1. look at
2. be representative of
3. do damage to
4. be eligible for
5. free from
6. be qualified to
7. be reluctant to
8. comes out
9. parallel with
10. Sort out
