Day 03

be hostile to/towards

对…怀有敌意，对…极不友好

【例】Many of those disgruntled people are actively hostile to Obamacare. But they might be even more hostile to any effort to kill the law. 牢骚满腹的民众可能对奥巴马医疗改革充满敌意，但是他们可能对任何要废除该法案的举动更为不满。

be linked to

与…有关

【真】That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking necessary for making investments for the future. 那是因为快乐与一种更长远的思维方式有关，而这种长远思维是对未来进行投资所必需的。

[2016年英语（二）完形填空]

【拓】link...with... 将…与…连接、联系起来

be packed with

充满，填满，塞满

【真】This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” 这本薄薄的小书涵盖了许多建议，这些建议既可以帮助工薪阶层也可以帮助乐透幸运儿们最大程度地享受“金钱带来的快乐”。

[2014年英语（二）阅读]

be apt to

易于；倾向于

【真】The digital services tax is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad. 数字服务税容易引起国内外的批评。

[2020年英语（二）阅读]

assign sb. to (do) sth.

指定或委派某人做某事

【真】The student union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. 你们学校的学生会让你通知留学生关于即将举行的歌唱比赛的事情。

[2020年英语（二）阅读]

【拓】assign sth. to sb. 将某事物分配给某人

stick with

坚持；紧跟

【真】Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. 人性就是这样，大多数人都坚持使用默认设置。

[2013年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】stick to 坚持 ‖ persevere with 坚持 ‖ persist in 坚持，固执于

tease out

梳理，提炼

【词】tease [tiːz] v. 梳理；取笑；招惹

【真】It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today. 理解并尝试梳理出当今人类与火的关系是非常重要的。

[2017年英语（二）阅读]

rise above

克服；不受…的影响

【真】We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend. 我们仍然有摆脱诱惑、扭转高速发展趋势的想象力。

[2013年英语（二）阅读]

【拓】overcome [ˌəʊvəˈkʌm] v. 克服

wipe out

摧毁；使灭绝

【例】Many historical buildings were wiped out in the endless chaos of war. 在无穷尽的战乱中，许多历史建筑遭到了摧毁。

【拓】demolish [dɪˈmɒlɪʃ] v. 摧毁

strip sb. of sth.

剥夺某人的某事物

【词】strip [strɪp] v. 剥夺；除去；剥去；拆卸

【真】Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity. 下载和消费文化需要高超的技巧，但如果不能超越下载，就等于剥夺了人类的一种决定性成分。

[2012年英语（一）阅读]

come to terms with

接受，适应；达成妥协

【真】Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should come to terms with . 鲍尔奇教授指出，人类应该接受火这一事实。

[2012年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】compromise [ˈkɒmprəmaɪz] n./v. 妥协，让步 ‖ make a compromise 做出让步

place/put emphasis on

强调，重视

【真】And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase. 过分强调他们的观点会毁掉一场美妙的购房之旅。

[2019年英语（二）阅读]

【拓】emphasize [ˈemfəsaɪz] v. 强调；重视 ‖ highlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt] v. 突出；强调 ‖ stress [stres] v. 强调；着重；重读

side with

支持；站在…的一边

【例】It chooses to side with information behemoths rather than promote competition. 它选择支持信息业巨头，而不是促进竞争。

【拓】be for 支持 ‖ back sb./sth. up 支持某人/某事物

look after

照顾

【真】Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. 相反，他们本能地照顾自己的健康，而且通常比我们成年人更有效。

[2016年英语（二）阅读]

rush to

匆忙，急于

【真】In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. 事实上，急于把自己的想法说出来会让同事觉得你不重视他们的意见。

[2020年英语（二）阅读]

set off

出发，动身；引起，使发生

【真】Every Saturday morning, at 9 a.m., more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. 每周六早上9点，超过5万名跑步者开始绕着他们当地的公园跑5000米。

[2017年英语（二）阅读]

【拓】set out 出发 ‖ start off 出发，开始

flee to

逃往

【真】Yet two years before Dickens’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. 然而，就在狄更斯出生前两年，他的外祖父因盗窃被抓现行，逃往欧洲，再也没有回来。

[2017年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】escape from 从…逃离；免于…

out of line

出格；越轨；不成直线

【例】The hostess stepped out of line when she laughed at the guest in the program. 当女主持人在节目中嘲笑嘉宾的时候，她的行为出格了。

with the exception of

除了…之外

【真】Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade. 不幸的是，洛杉矶联合大学制定了一项不灵活的政策，规定除了一些高级课程外，家庭作业在学生学业成绩中的占比不得超过10%。

[2012年英语（二）阅读]

lay off

解雇；停止工作

【真】Millennials remember their father and mother both were laid off . 千禧一代记得他们的父亲和母亲曾双双失业。

[2017年英语（二）阅读]

set back

阻碍，使受挫；推迟，延误

【真】Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. 然而，其报告很可能因为模糊了国会要求它阐明的挑战的深度和广度而阻碍改革。

[2014年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】obstruct [əbˈstrʌkt] v. 阻挡；妨碍 ‖ hinder [ˈhɪndə(r)] v. 阻碍，妨碍

be born with

与生俱来，天生

【真】The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. 这些成果中最著名的是由诺姆·乔姆斯基提出的，他认为人类天生就具有支配通用语法的语言习得能力。

[2012年英语（一）翻译]

【拓】innate [ɪˈneɪt] a. 固有的；与生俱来的 ‖ inborn [ˌɪnˈbɔːn] a. 天生的

no less than

不少于，多达

【真】This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 仅这一点就表明，在电视行业生存并不容易。统计数据显示，在1989年80家欧洲电视网中，亏损的不下50%。

[2005年英语（一）翻译]

in such a case

在这种情况下

【真】 In such a case , the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. 在这种情况下，企业的回应也许不够快或深思熟虑，而且学习曲线一直都很陡峭（即时间紧，任务重）。

[2011年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】in this case 在这种情况下

all the more so

更是如此

【真】But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend. 但它们肯定会重塑美国，而且时间越长，影响就越大。

[2012年英语（二）阅读]

be accessible to

容易接近的，容易进入的

【真】They are easily accessible to the general public. 对普通大众来说它们很容易获得。

[2011年英语（一）阅读]

in essence

本质上；大体上

【真】The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. 政府本质上是在宣称，因为它不想执行国会在移民方面的意愿，所以任何州都不应该被允许这样做。

[2013年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】in nature 本质上 ‖ essentially [ɪˈsenʃəli] ad. 本质上 ‖ substantially [səbˈstænʃəli] ad. 基本上；大体上

cling to

紧握；依附；坚持

【真】Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a signal on a subway. 我们周围的每个人似乎都认同，即使地铁里没有信号，他们也会紧握手机。

[2015年英语（二）完形填空]

【拓】persevere with 坚持

do harm to

对…不利；伤害

【例】Setting up a coal-fired plants there will inevitably do harm to environment. 在那里建煤电厂将不可避免地对环境造成破坏。

【拓】do good to 对…有利

make it

做成某事；获得成功

【真】Will the European Union make it ? 欧盟会成功吗？

[2011年英语（二）阅读]

for the better

好转，向好的方向发展

【真】On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better , complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. 乍一听来，这是一位关注社会的财政大臣，他试图让生活变得更好，完成了对一个明显放纵的体制的“改革”，这个体制对新失业者找工作的要求太低，而且助长了懒惰。

[2014年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】for the worse 变糟糕，向坏的方向发展

for fear of/that

为了避免，唯恐

【真】Dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. 市场失灵部分反映了银行的瘫痪，它们不愿出售资产，因为担心出现亏损，但又不愿购买所有这些所谓的便宜货。

[2010年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】lest [lest] conj. 以免，免得 ‖ in case of 以防万一

take control of

控制

【真】Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. 一旦一项研究发现被公开，发现者就会获得学术声望。但是，与矿藏发现不同的是，科学界会控制接下来发生的事情。

[2012年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】in control of 控制 ‖ under the control of 处于…的控制之下

bear on/upon

对…有影响；与…有关

【例】Countries differ in a large number of respects that bear on economic performance. 国家之间在诸多方面都有所差异，这些差异都会对因家的经济表现产生影响。

【拓】in/with relation to 与…有关；涉及

flag up

使…注意；指出

【真】Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. 原稿将由期刊的内部编辑，或现有的审查编辑委员会或外部同行审稿人进行额外的审查。

[2015年英语（一）阅读]

in need of

需要；缺少

【真】The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. 法国的这一征税并不是一个需要税收的国家单方面采取的行动。

[2020年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】a friend in need 患难之交

turn on

取决于；打开（电视、收音机等）；以…为主要议题

【真】For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. 对于缺乏同情心的孩子来说，他们分享的多少取决于他们有多容易感到内疚。

[2019年英语（二）阅读]

【拓】depend on 取决于 ‖ lie on 取决于

in the meantime

与此同时，在此期间

【真】 In the meantime , thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. 与此同时，西班牙在墨西哥、西印度群岛和南美洲建立了繁荣的殖民地。

[2015年英语（一）翻译]

【拓】simultaneously [ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəsli] ad. 同时

participate in

参加，参与

【词】participate [pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt] v. 参加，参与

【真】If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement. 如果你没有朋友或亲戚，可以试着参加一些线上社区，那里到处都是愿意分享建议和鼓励的人。

[2015年英语（二）阅读]

apply to

应用于；适用于

【真】We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. 当受到批评时，我们会变得具有防御性，并把负面的刻板印象施加于他人，以此来提升自己的自尊。

[2014年英语（二）阅读]

out of necessity

出于必要，由于需要

【词】necessity [nəˈsesəti] n. 必要；需要；必然

【真】At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity . 与此同时，人们一如既往地认为火是一个需要被彻底控制住的事物，并且只有在必要的时候才能释放。

[2017年英语（二）阅读]

manage to

设法（做成）

【真】Most people do not even know their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who resemble our kin. 大多数人甚至不知道自己的第四代表亲是谁，但他们却总设法选择与自己的亲属相似的人做朋友。

[2015年英语（一）阅读]

leave behind

留下；落后；永远离开

【真】There is often much housework left behind . 经常有很多家务活被落下。

[2015年英语（二）阅读]

on the one hand

一方面

【真】 On the one hand , it’s a necessary condition for many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. 一方面，对许多重要的事情来说，信任是必要条件，如照看孩子、建立友谊等等。

[2018年英语（一）完形填空]

on the other hand

另一方面

【真】 On the other hand , putting your faith in the wrong place often carries a high price. 另一方面，在错误的地方施以信任往往会付出高昂的代价。

[2018年英语（一）阅读]

concern for

对（人、组织等）重要的事情；…负责的事；担心，忧虑

【真】And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students—who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges. 任何一个提高平均成绩的做法都可能会让学生——说到底，是他们在支付学费——觉得他们交的学费是值得的，这是各个大学要考虑到的另一个重大问题。

[2019年英语（一）阅读]

at a time

每次；依次；逐一

【真】Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time . 和造型师一起一次买完所有的衣服，而不是自己独自购物，每次只买一件。

[2016年英语（一）阅读]

in place

在正确位置；准备就绪；在工作

【真】If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society. 如果已经有适当的公共政策能够帮助所有女性——不管是首席执行官还是她们孩子的保姆——以及所有家庭，如果这个社会变得更加公平，那么桑德伯格就不会因为她是女性而比其他精英引起更大的轰动了。

[2013年英语（二）阅读]

differentiate…from...

构成…间的差别; 使…有差别

【词】differentiate [ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt] v. 使有差别；区分

【真】Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. 我们有通过暂停来减少本能回应的能力，这是我们和动物的区别：狗会考虑未来，但这种思考不连续，或者只有几分钟。

[2013年英语（二）阅读]

correspond to

相一致，符合；相当于，类似于

【词】correspond [ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd] v. 相一致；相对应

【真】In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. 最终，一项科学发现声明被人们所相信——这个过程恰与哲学家安妮特·拜尔所描述的“思想的共性”是一致的。

[2012年英语（一）阅读]

split up

（使）分开；（使）分手；（使）朝不同方向去

【词】split [splɪt] v. （使）裂开；（使）分开

【例】They cooked breakfast, drank coffee, and then split up to go to school. 他们做了早餐，喝了咖啡，然后分头上学去了。

keep to

不偏离，不离开；遵循；忠于，信守（诺言等）

【例】The key to mastering the art of deep work is to keep to your focus time. 掌握深度工作艺术的关键是保持你的专注时间。

at night

在晚上

【真】Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night , a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street. 即使无家可归者设法找到了可以提供一日三餐和住宿的栖身之地，他们中的很大一部分人仍然终日在街头游荡。

[2006年英语（一）完形填空]

【拓】in the morning 在早上；上午 ‖ at noon 中午

fend off

抵御，抵挡；回避，避开

【真】Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. 健康的树木也能够更好地抵御昆虫。

[2019年英语（二）阅读]

【拓】fend for oneself 照顾自己；自谋生计；独立生活

be another matter

是另外一个问题；另当别论

【真】Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter. （飞行）间距是否符合空中交通管制条例则是另外一个问题。

[2010年英语（二）阅读]

prove to be

后来被发现是；最终显现为

【真】Happy Money may prove to be a worthwhile purchase.《幸福金钱》可能会被证明是值得购买的。

[2014年英语（二）阅读]

the hard way

艰难地

【真】Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception. 他一生所获得的成就，每一样都来之不易，他在文学领域获得的成功也不例外。

[2019年英语（二）翻译]

a kind of

一种；某种，几分，隐约

【真】But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. 但是他也发现了一种隐性偏见。

[2018年英语（二）阅读]

【拓】kind of 稍微，有几分，有点儿

in total

总计，共计

【真】Roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total —disappeared. 大约三分之一的制造业岗位消失了，也就是总数约600万个岗位。

[2013年英语（二）阅读]

compensate for

弥补；补偿；赔偿

【真】Health-savings plans will compensate for the reduced pensions. 医疗储蓄计划将弥补减少的养老金。

[2007年英语（一）阅读]

need to

需要

【真】That tells me whether I need to confirm my training program. 那会告诉我是否需要调整自己的训练计划。

[2019年英语（二）完形填空]

be biased against/towards

对…有偏见

【词】biased [ˈbaɪəst] a. 有偏见的；倾向性的；片面的

【真】Professors are biased against classical liberal ideas. 教授们对古典自由主义思想有偏见。

[2014年英语（一）阅读]

pop into

突然出现；冷不防冒出

【词】pop [pɒp] v. 发出砰的响声；突然出现 n. 流行乐

【真】I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day—they both just pop into my mind in the same way. 我也还记得音乐剧《发》也在那一天在百老汇首演——这两件事就那么以同样的方式突然浮现在我的脑海中。

[2013年英语（二）翻译]

【拓】pop up 突然出现或浮现

for sale

待售，供出售（尤指从主人手里）

【例】The owner of the painting was putting it up for sale in good faith, but he or she is likely to lose it without compensation when it is returned to France. 此画的所有者基于善意将作品拿出来出售，但是当作品送还法国时，他或她很可能失去该画，并且得不到任何赔偿。

【拓】on sale 出售，上市；减价出售

work against

努力反对，对抗

【例】These antibodies work against such kind of virus. 这些抗体能够对抗这种病毒。

【拓】work for 努力促成

wake up

醒来

【真】I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. 我是那样焦虑，以至于会在半夜惊醒，望着天花板发愣。

[2010年英语（二）翻译]

at first

起初，当初

【例】 At first I thought she had something against me, but after I observed her interacting with others, I realized she was like that with everyone else too. 起初我以为她是针对我的，后来我观察发现她和别人相处的时候也是这样，我意识到她对每个人都是这样。

【拓】at last 最后，终于

at the same time

同时

【真】 At the same time , the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes. 与此同时，欧盟、西班牙、英国和其他几个国家都在认真考虑征收数字服务税。

[2020年英语（一）阅读]

【拓】meanwhile [ˈmiːnwaɪl] ad. 其间，同时

cannot but/cannot help (but)

禁不住

【例】 I cannot but feel excited whenever I visit the city. 无论何时来到这个城市，我都会情不自禁感到激动。

be better off (doing)

更好的；更幸福的；是较为明智的

【真】It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television. 看起来，如果人们能缩短通勤时间，用更多时间陪伴家人和朋友，减少看电视的时间，就能更快乐。

[2014年英语（二）阅读]

classify...into…

把…分成…

【词】classify [ˈklæsɪfaɪ] v. 将…分类；划分

【真】Department stores were advised to classify consumers into smaller groups. 百货商店被建议把消费者细分成更小的群体。

[2012年英语（二）阅读]

cast/shed/throw light on sth.

使某事物清楚些，阐明某事物

【真】A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. 最近一份关于各国及其将经济增长转化为福祉的能力的年度研究阐明了这一问题。

[2017年英语（一）阅读]

above average

在平均水平之上

【真】The best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average . 最好的工作会要求员工有更多、更好的教育，以使自己远在平均水平之上。

[2013年英语（二）阅读]

be cautious about

对…持谨慎态度

【词】cautious [ˈkɔːʃəs] a. 谨慎的；小心的；细心的

【真】Professors are cautious about intellectual investigation. 教授们对智力调查持谨慎态度。

[2014年英语（一）阅读]

give away

赠送，免费送出；分发；丧失（优势）；暴露

【真】Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away , this excess leads to waste. 她发现，美国人一年大约要购置200亿件服装——平均每人约64件——无论他们会捐赠多少，这种过量还是会导致浪费。

[2013年英语（一）阅读]

Exercise

Ⅰ.从下面各题的选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Begin by asking employees, one ______, what they need to perform at their best.

A. at once

B. in a way

C. in the first place

D. at a time

2. CT scans have been used on birds to ______ the hidden physics of flying.

A. set out

B. try out

C. take out

D. tease out

3. Will it ______ demands for higher pay and just let strikes broaden?

A. join in

B. side with

C. deal with

D. get away with

4. We have a fantastic community of people living near us and we have to ______ them.

A. look after

B. look at

C. look up

D. look into

5. The president’s envoy is reported to ______ on another diplomatic trip in three days.

A. take off

B. go off

C. set off

D. get off

6. I enjoy the way it sounds, but what does it ______ you?

A. bear on

B. turn on

C. relate to

D. mean to

7. Research suggests that children whose parents ______ are more likely to drop out of high school.

A. split up

B. cut up

C. separate from

D. break through

8. It is announced that 1,000 workers will be ______ to reduce the deficit.

A. knocked on

B. broken up

C. laid off

D. laid out

9. Every child is ______ a gift, such as an ability to dance or analyze or organize.

A. born with

B. provided by

C. applied to

D. given to

10. ______, there is no feasible rules in this market.

A. In terms

B. In essence

C. In total

D. In case

Ⅱ.根据所给中文意思，从本单元选取合适的词组，完成下列句子。每空限填一词。

1. 既然你不喜欢自己对他的这种看法，为什么还坚持这样看他呢？

Since you don’t like your perception of him, why ______ ______ it?

2. 发怒会让我们扭曲自我认知，并有损我们与那些对我们来说很重要的人之间的关系。

Anger can distort our self-perceptions and ______ ______ ______ the relationships with people important to us.

3. 尽管如此，我仍然相信事情会变好的。

Even so, I am still convinced things will change ______ ______ ______.

4. 请相信，你们每一个人都能够通过自己的方式掌控自己的情绪。

Please believe that each of you can ______ ______ ______ your emotions in your own way.

5. 假如真的是这样的话，那么你的衣橱就需要整理了。

If it is really the case, your wardrobe may be ______ ______ ______ tidying up.

6. 我很喜欢你这种不用拉伸镜头就能直接打开回放的模式。

I love that you can directly ______ ______ Playback mode without having to extend the lens.

7. 在此期间，你该怎么说服父母送你去留学呢？

______ ______ ______, what should you do to persuade your parents to send you to study overseas?

8. 这个国家有一半以上的人口愿意参加体育活动。

Over half of the population of this country would like to ______ ______ sports.

9. 有些新闻记者设法从公司演讲费中赚了大钱，但诗人和小说家却拒绝这么做。

Some journalists ______ ______make big money from corporate speaking fees, but poets and novelists refuse to do so.

10. 他哥哥只表现出了他对家里每位成员的关心，但对自己的感受只字未提。

His elder brother just expressed ______ ______ everyone in the family but said nothing about what he himself was feeling.