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1.2 合同的分类

合同根据不同的标准,有不同的分类。狭义上,合同包括合同(contract)和协议(agreement)。广义上,合同包括合同、协议,还有订立正式合同之前当事人之间已达成的有约束力或无约束力的法律文件,包括谅解备忘录或合作备忘录(memorandum of understanding)、框架性协议、意向性协议或合作意向书(heads of agreement或memorandum of agreement)、意向书(letter of intent)、初步协议(preliminary agreement)、君子协议(gentlemen’s agreement)、订单(order)、章程(article of association)等。

根据合同的法律特征,合同可以分为以下类型:

1.主合同和从合同(principal contract and accessory contract)

2.要式合同与不要式合同(formal contract and informal contract)

3.口头合同与书面合同(oral/parole contract and written contract)

4.要因与不要因合同(causative contract and non-causative contract)

5.单务合同与双务合同(unilateral contract and bilateral contract)

6.无偿合同与有偿合同(gratuitous contract and onerous contract)

7.诺成合同与实践合同(consensual contract and real contract)

8.可分合同与不可分合同(divisible contract and indivisible contract)

9.不可分合同与可分合同(entire contract and severable contract)

10.明示合同与隐含合同(express contract and implied contract)

11.可替换合同与独立合同(commutative contract and independent contract)

12.确定合同与射幸合同(certain contract and aleatory contract)

13.已履行合同与待履行合同(executed contract and executory contract)

14.盖印合同与非盖印合同(simple contract and contract under seal)

15.准合同(quasi-contract)

16.推定合同(constructive contract)

17.附条件合同(conditional contract)

18.连带合同(joint and several contract)

19.利他合同(altruistic contract)

20.无限制合同(open end contract)

21.投资合同(investment contract)

22.照本加成合同(cost-plus contract)

根据权利和义务关系的类型作为划分合同的标准,合同可分为下述类型:

1.买卖合同(sales contracts)

2.供用电、水、气、热力合同(contracts for supply of power, water, gas or heat)

3.赠与合同(gift contracts)

4.借款合同(contracts for loan of money)

5.租赁合同(leasing contracts)

6.融资租赁合同(financial leasing contracts)

7.承揽合同(work-for-hire contracts)

8.建设工程合同(contracts for construction projects)

9.运输合同(carriage contracts)

10.技术合同(technology contracts)

11.保管合同(safe-keeping contracts)

12.仓储合同(warehousing contracts)

13.委托合同(appointment contracts)

14.行纪合同(trading trust contracts)

15.居间合同(brokerage contracts) lTVLVRKj3grrWkGdM4X6hrPIar+HnZO8SdDUQoyLKa4/TBsRwcH54EErohdKEJsw

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