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句句详解

Text 1

1. Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.

译 文: 家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎,但最近几年,家庭作业变得尤其受人蔑视。

第一层:

讲 解: 连词but连接两个句子,两句分别为主系表结构和主谓结构。

scorn [skɔːn] vt. 蔑视

2. School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on his educational ritual.

译 文: 全国的学区,最近是洛杉矶学区,都在修正对于家庭作业的教育惯例做法。

第一层:

讲 解: 该句为主谓宾结构,句中thinking为动名词,在这里表示“看法、理念”。

revise [rɪ’vaɪz] vt. 修正

ritual [’rɪtʃʊəl] n. 惯例

3. Unfortunately,L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academ ic grade.

译 文: 不幸的是,洛杉矶学区制定了一项死板的政策:规定除了一些高级课程,家庭作业在学业成绩中所占比例不再超过10%。

第一层:

第二层

第三层:

讲 解: 该句为主从复合句,主句是主谓宾结构,宾语中的名词policy作为先行词,后跟which引导的定语从句;第二层定语从句是主谓宾结构,关系代词which在从句中作主语,that引导宾语从句;第三层宾语从句是主谓宾结构,介词短语with the exception of some advanced courses作状语。

inflexible [ɪn’fleksɪb(ə)l] adj. 顽固的;死板的

mandate [’mændeɪt] v. 强制执行;委托办理 n. 授权;委托书

4. This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.

译 文: 这项规定旨在解决来自贫困家庭和混乱家庭的学生在完成家庭作业上的困难。

第一层:

第二层

讲 解: be meant to意思是“旨在……”,that引导定语从句,修饰限定先行词difficulty,且关系代词that在从句中充当宾语。

impoverished [ɪm’pɒvərɪʃt] adj. 穷困的

chaotic [keɪ’ɒtɪk] adj. 无秩序的

5. But the policy is unclear and contradictory.

译 文: 但该政策是不清晰的,是矛盾的。

第一层:

6. Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment.

译 文: 当然,不应该给学生布置无法独立完成的或者没有昂贵设备就无法完成的作业。

第一层:

第二层

第三层

讲 解: 该句的主干是主谓结构,句中两个关系代词that分别引导定语从句1和定语从句2,修饰主语中的名词homework;第二层和第三层定语从句中,关系代词指代先行词homework,在两个从句中分别作cannot complete和cannot do的宾语。

assign [ə’saɪn] vt. 布置

7. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

译 文: 但如果有学生因为家庭环境复杂未完成作业,而学区却基本让其过了关,那么这就相当于明目张胆地说对贫穷孩子有必要降低考试标准。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层

第四层:

讲 解: But作转折连词开句,if引导条件状语从句,主句是主谓宾结构,谓语是is going close to,意为“接近”,that引导同位语从句;第二层条件状语从句的主干部分是主谓宾结构,从句中关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词students;第三层定语从句是主谓宾结构,关系代词who指代students,作主语;第四层同位语从句是主谓宾结构,连接词that不充当成分,不定式短语to be lowered作宾语。

essentially [ɪ’senʃ(ə)lɪ] adv. 本质上

complicated [’kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd] adj. 复杂的

riskily [’riskili] adv. 冒险地

im p lication [ɪmplɪ’keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 暗示

8. District adm inistrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.

译 文: 学区管理官员认为家庭作业仍是学校教育的一部分:允许教师按照自己的意愿确定作业量。

第一层:

第二层

第三层:

讲 解: 该句的主干部分是主谓宾结构,that引导宾语从句;第二层宾语从句分为两部分,冒号之前是主系表结构,冒号后的内容用以解释前句,是主谓结构,动词不定式短语to assign as much of it as they want作主语补足语,该成分中as引导定语从句。

adm inistrator [əd’mɪnɪstreɪtə] n. 管理员

assign [ə’saɪn] vt. 分配

9. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards.

译 文: 但是由于家庭作业在学业成绩中所占比例不超过10%,学生们就能轻易逃避一半家庭作业,成绩单上看不出差别。

第一层:

讲 解: 句首介词短语with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades作原因状语,主句是主谓宾结构,由并列连词and连接两个并列谓语skip和see。

count for 计数;有价值

skip [skɪp] vt. 略过;跳过;漏过 vi. 跳,蹦

10. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?

译 文: 有些学生可能不做完家庭作业也能取得好成绩,但想想那些做家庭作业并在考试中取得好成绩的学生呢?

第一层:

第二层

讲 解: 该句由并列连词but连接两个并列分句:分句1是主谓结构,句中介词短语without completing

their homework作条件状语;分句2是what about句型,表示“……怎么样”,what about…其实就是 what do you think about…的省略,其中省略了主语 you 、助动词do和谓语动词think,只留下宾语 what 和方面状语 about sth.,句中关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词students。第二层定语从句中,关系代词who作主语,并列连词and连接两个并列谓语。

11. It is quite possible that the homework helped.

译 文: 家庭作业很有可能帮助了他们。

第一层

第二层:

讲 解: it在句中作形式主语,真正的主语为其后that引导的主语从句。

12. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy imposes a flat,across-theboard rule.

译 文: 但是,这项政策并没有授权老师去寻找最适合学生的作业,反而给老师强加了单调的一刀切规则。

第一层:

讲 解: Yet为转折连词,现在分词短语rather than empowering...作比较状语,在该比较状语成分中what works(什么作业)作不定式to find的宾语,主句是主谓宾结构。

em power [ɪm’paʊə] vt. 授权

impose [ɪm’pəʊz] vt. 强加

flat [flæt] adj. 单调的

across-the-board 全面的(地)

13. At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.

译 文: 同时,这项政策并没有解决家庭作业真正棘手的问题。

第一层:

thorny [’θɔːnɪ] adj. 令人苦恼的;痛苦的;多刺的

14. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement,it should move to reduce or elim inate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.

译 文: 如果该学区发现家庭作业对于学生的学业并不重要,它应该减少或免除家庭作业,而不是使得家庭作业在成绩中几乎不占比重。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 句首if引导条件状语从句,主句中并列两个谓语动词,分别是复合谓语should move to reduce or eliminate和(should)not make,动词短语count for almost nothing作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语them(指代家庭作业);第二层条件状语从句是主谓宾结构,从句中动词不定式短语to be unimportant作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语homework。

achievement [ə’tʃiːvm(ə)nt] n. 成就

reduce [rɪ’djuːs] vt. 减少

eliminate [ɪ’lɪmɪneɪt] vt. 消除

15. Conversely,if homework matters,it should account for a significant portion of the grade.

译 文: 相反,若家庭作业重要,那么它应该在成绩中占更大的比重。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 副词conversely作状语开句,if引导条件状语从句,主句是主谓宾结构。

conversely [’kɒnvɜːslɪ; kən’vɜːslɪ] adv. 相反地

portion [’pɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 比重

16. Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject,or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.

译 文: 同时,这项政策不能确保给学生布置的家庭作业是有意义的或者适合他们年龄和学科的,也不能确保老师并未过量布置作业,多到连他们都不愿意检查和批改。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层:

第四层:

第五层:

讲 解: 该句为复合句,主句是主谓宾结构,并列连词or连接两个that引导的宾语从句;第二层宾语从句1的主干部分为主系表结构,主语后跟省略了关系代词的定语从句students receive;第四层宾语从句2的主干部分为主谓结构,than引导比较状语从句。

meanwhile [’m iːnwaɪl] adv. 同时

appropriate [ə’prəʊprɪət] adj. 适当的

17. The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.

译 文: 学校董事会是教育政策的制定者,它应该调查此事并进行公众意见听证会,在此期间,家庭作业的规则应该暂停实施。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层

讲 解: 该句为主从复合句,主句是the homework rules should be put on hold,是主谓结构,从句是从属连词while引导的时间状语从句;第二层时间状语从句的主干部分是主谓宾结构,并列连词and连接两个并列谓语,从句中关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰先行词the school board;第三层定语从句中,which指代先行词the school board,作主语。

conduct [’kɒndʌkt] vt. 召开

18. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.

译 文: 洛杉矶联合学区要正确处理家庭作业问题为时不晚。

第一层

讲 解: it为形式主语,真正的主语为其后to do动词不定式。

题目翻译

21.It is im p lied in Paragraph 1 that now adays homework____.

第一段暗示了,如今,家庭作业____。

[A] is receiving more criticism

正在受到更多批评

[B] is gaining more preferences

得到更多青睐

[C] is no longer an educational ritual

不再是一项教育惯例

[D] is not required for advanced courses

不再被高级课程所需要

criticism [’krɪtɪ9sɪz(ə)m] n. 批评;批判;评论;指责

preference [’pref(ə)rəns] n. 偏爱;爱好;喜爱;偏爱的事物

ritual [’rɪtʃuəl] n. 习惯;程序;仪规;礼节

22.L.A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students____.

洛杉矶学区制定了关于家庭作业的规则,主要是因为贫困学生____。

[A] tend to have moderate expectations for their education

往往对教育有一定期待

[B] have asked for a different educational standard

要求一种不同的教育标准

[C] may have problems finishing their homework

在完成作业时可能遇到困难

[D] have voiced their complaints about homework

表达了对家庭作业的抱怨

moderate [’mɒdəreɪt] adj. 适度的;中等的;温和的;不激烈的

expectation [9ekspek’teɪʃ(ə)n] n. 期望;预期;期待;希望

standard [’stændə(r)d] n. 规范;正常的水平;应达到的标准;行为标准

23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.

根据第3段,这项政策的一个问题是它可能____。

[A] result in students’ indifference to their report cards

导致学生毫不关心他们的成绩单

[B] undermine the authority of state tests

降低国家考试的权威性

[C] restrict teachers’ power in education

限制教师在教育中的权力

[D] discourage students from doing homework

打击学生完成作业的积极性

indifference [ɪn’dɪfrəns] n. 漠不关心;冷淡;不感兴趣;无动于衷

underm ine [9ʌndə(r)’maɪn] v. 逐渐削弱(信心、权威等);使逐步减少效力

authority [ɔː’θɒrəti] n. 权威;权力;当局;授权

restrict [rɪ’strɪkt] v. 限制;约束;阻碍;束缚

discourage [dɪs’kʌrɪdʒ] v. 阻止;劝阻;阻拦;使灰心

24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4,a key question unansw ered about hom ew ork is w hether ____.

正如第4段所言,有关家庭作业的一个尚未被回答的关键问题是家庭作业是否_____。

[A] it should be eliminated

应该被取缔

[B] it counts much in schooling

对学校教育很重要

[C] it places extra burdens on teachers

给老师增加了额外的负担

[D] it is important for grades

对成绩很重要

elim inate [ɪ’lɪmɪˌneɪt] v. 消除;消灭;清除;淘汰

schooling [’skuːlɪŋ] n. 学校教育

extra [’ekstrə] adj. 额外的;分外的;外加的;附加的

25.A suitable title for this text could be____.

适合本文的标题是____。

[A] A Faulty Approach to Homework

对家庭作业的错误解决办法

[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students

一项受到贫困学生欢迎的政策

[C] Thorny Questions about Homework

有关家庭作业的棘手问题

[D] W rong Interpretation of an Educational Policy

对一项教育政策的错误解读

suitable [’suːtəb(ə)l] adj. 合适的;适宜的;适当的;适用的

faulty [’fɔːlti] adj. 不完美的;有错误的;有缺陷的

approach [ə’prəʊtʃ] n. 方法;接近;路径;道路

thorny [’θɔː(r)ni] adj. 棘手的;麻烦的;引起争议的;有刺的

interpretation [ɪn9tɜː(r)prɪ’teɪʃ(ə)n] n. 解释;理解;说明;演绎

Text 2

1. Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour,yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives.

译 文: 穿粉色的衣服很漂亮:成年女性已不记得曾经如此痴迷粉色,但年轻女孩的生活中却弥漫着粉色。

第一层:

讲 解: 该句为并列句,并列连词yet连接两个并列分句,分句1是主谓宾结构,冒号之前pretty in pink表示“穿粉色的衣服漂亮”,作状语;分句2是主系表结构。

obsessed [əb’sest] adj. 着迷的

pervasive [pə’veɪsɪv] adj. 普遍的

2. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad,but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and,though it may celebrate girlhood in one way,it also repeatedly and firm ly fused girls’ identity to appearance.

译 文: 并不是粉红色本身不好,而是它只是彩虹的一小部分。虽然它也许从某个程度上为少女时代增色,代表了少女时代,但也不断地将少女的特征融于外表。

第一层

第二层:

第三层:

讲 解: 本句为and连接的并列复合句,由并列连词and连接两个分句,分句1由转折连词but连接两个小分句,即It is not... but it is...,表示“并不是……而是……”,but之前是主系表结构,表语由that引导的从句充当;分句2是主从复合句,主句是主谓宾结构,从句是从属连词though连接的让步状语从句。第三层让步状语从句是主谓宾结构,从句中it指代pink。

intrinsically [ɪn’trɪnsɪkəlɪ] adv. 本质地

fuse [fjuːz] vt. 使融合

identity [aɪ’dentɪtɪ] n. 特征

3. Then it presents that connection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.

译 文: 那么它呈现出了女孩之间,甚至是两岁女孩之间的共性:粉色不仅仅代表天真,也被视为天真的证明。

第一层:

innocence [’ɪnəs(ə)ns] n. 天真

4. Looking around,I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.

译 文: 环顾四周,我绝望地发现,人们对于女孩的生活以及兴趣如此缺乏想象力。

第一层:

5. Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable,somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies ,it’s not.

译 文: 女孩喜欢粉色似乎不可避免,这一点好像以某种方式编入了她们的基因中,但是根据《美国研究》的副教授乔·帕雷蒂(Jo Paoletti)的说法,情况并非如此。

第一层:

讲 解: 转折连词but连接两个分句,且都是主系表结构,分句1中过去分词短语somehow encoded in their DNA作定语,修饰主语1;分句2中名词短语an associate professor of American Studies 作同位语,解释说明Jo Paoletti。

unavoidable [ʌnə’vɒɪdəb(ə)l] adj. 不可避免的

encode [ɪn’kəʊd] vt. 编码

associate [ə’səʊʃɪeɪt] adj. 副的

6. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.

译 文: 直到20世纪初,孩子们才有了彩色服装:在家用洗衣机问世之前,考虑到实用性,所有的婴儿都穿白衣服,因为当时清洗衣服的唯一方法就是煮沸衣服。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 本句分为两部分:冒号前的句子是主系表结构,“not…until…”表示“直到……才……”;冒号后的句子解释说明前句内容,它是主从复合句,主句是主谓宾结构,句中white为名词作宾语,从句是since引导的原因状语从句。

era [’ɪərə] n. 时代

domestic [də’mestɪk] adj. 家庭的

7. What’s more,both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.

译 文: 此外,男孩和女孩都穿着人们认为是中性的衣服。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: what’s more表递进,相当于in addition,主句是主谓宾结构,宾语由what引导的宾语从句充当;第二层宾语从句中,连接代词what指代衣服,作主语,介词短语as gender-neutral dresses补充说明主语。

gender-neutral 中性的;不分性别的

8. When nursery colours were introduced,pink was actually considered the more masculine colour,a pastel version of red,which was associated with strength.

译 文: 当托儿所引入色彩概念时,粉色实际上被认为是更加男性化的颜色,它是红色的柔和版,并与力量相关。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层:

讲 解: when引导时间状语从句开句,主句是主谓结构,名词短语“the more masculine colour,a pastel version of red”作主语补足语,补充说明主语pink,句末关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰先行词pink;第三层定语从句中,关系代词which指代pink,作主语。

nursery [’nɜːs(ə)rɪ] n. 托儿所

masculine [’mæskjʊlɪn] adj. 男性的

pastel [’pæst(ə)l] adj. 柔和的

version [’vɜːʃ(ə)n] n. 版本

9. Blue,with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness,symbolised femininity.

译 文: 蓝色象征着女性,代表圣母玛利亚、坚贞与忠诚。

第一层:

intimation [9ɪntɪ’meɪʃn] n. 暗示

constancy [’kɒnst(ə)nsɪ] n. 坚定不移

faithfulness [’feɪθf(ʊ)lnəs] n. 忠诚

fem ininity [9femɪ’nɪnɪtɪ] n. 女子本性

10. It was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became a dom inant children’s marketing strategy,that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls,part of what defined them as female,at least for the first few critical years.

译 文: 直到20世纪80年代中期,当强化年龄和性别差异成为儿童市场的主要营销策略时,粉色才完全走俏;自此,粉色开始对女孩产生一种看似固有的吸引力,这让粉色成为定义女性特征的元素,至少在最初关键的几年里如此。

第一层:

第二层

第三层:

第四层:

讲 解: it was…that…引导强调句,强调时间状语not until the m id-1980,主句是pink came into its own,句中第一个when为关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰时间the m id-1980,第二个when为从属连词,引导时间状语从句。第三层时间状语从句是主谓宾结构,从句中part of what defined them as female作同位语,补充说明从句的主语it(指代pink),该同位语成分中what引导宾语从句,是介词of的宾语。第四层宾语从句是主谓宾宾补结构,连接代词what作主语。

am plifying [’æmpliˌfaiiŋ] adj. 放大的

dom inant [’dɒmɪnənt] adj. 支配的

strategy [’strætədʒɪ] n. 策略

critical [’krɪtɪk(ə)l] adj. 决定性的

11. I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids,including our core beliefs about their psychological development.

译 文: 我以前没有意识到市场营销趋势如何深刻地影响着我们对孩子天性的看法,包括儿童心理发展的核心观念。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层:

讲 解: 该句为主从复合句,主句是主谓宾结构,宾语由how引导的宾语从句充当;第二层宾语从句的主干部分是主谓宾结构,从句中“介词of + what宾语从句”作后置定语1修饰宾语,非谓语动词短语including our core beliefs作后置定语2修饰宾语,介词短语about their psychological development作后置定语3修饰名词beliefs;第三层宾语从句是主系表结构,连接代词what作主语。

realise [’rɪəlaɪz] vt. 认识到

profoundly [prə’faʊndlɪ] adv. 深刻地

trend [trendz] n. 趋势

dictate [dɪk’teɪt] vt. 命令

perception [pə’sepʃ(ə)n] n. 看法

12. Take the toddler.

译 文: 以蹒跚学步的孩子为例。

第一层:

toddler [’tɒdlə] n. 学步的小孩

13. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong.

译 文: 我曾认为那个阶段是专家多年研究幼儿行为后才得出的:错!

第一层:

第二层:

第三层:

讲 解: 该句的主干部分是主谓宾结构,宾语由that引导的宾语从句充当,句末形容词wrong为插入语,对冒号前的一句话进行说明,表示说话人对说话内容的态度或看法;第二层宾语从句的主干是主系表结构,表语something作先行词,后跟定语从句;第三层定语从句省略了关系代词,且关系代词在从句中作宾语,介词短语into children’s behaviour作后置定语修饰名词research。

assume [ə’sjuːm] vt. 假定

14. Turns out,according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism,it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.

译 文: 根据儿童消费历史学家丹尼尔·库克(Daniel Cook)的观点,它原来是通过20世纪30年代服装制造商的市场营销花招而流行起来的。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 句首turns out为句子的谓语动词;according to Daniel Cook...childhood consumerism为插入语成分,其中a historian of childhood consumerism作 Daniel Cook的同位语,对其进行解释说明;it was popularized... in the 1930s其实可以理解为句子的宾语,该句的正常语序为:It turns out,according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism,that it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.

turn out 原来是,结果是

consumerism [kən’sjuːmərɪz(ə)m] n. 消费主义,消费

trick [’trɪk] n. 花招

15. Trade publications counseled department stores that,in order to increase sales,they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes.

译 文: 商业刊物建议百货商店在婴儿服装和大龄儿童服装之间创造出一个“第三过渡阶段”服装,以便增加营业额。

第一层:

第二层: kids’ clothes

讲 解: 该句主干为“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构,直接宾语由that引导的宾语从句充当;第二层宾语从句是主谓宾结构,从句中介词短语between infant wear and older kids’ clothes作后置定语修饰宾语。

counsel [’kaʊns(ə)l] vt. 劝告,建议

infant [’ɪnf(ə)nt] n. 婴儿

16. It was only after “toddler” became common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.

译 文: 只有“蹒跚学步幼儿”一词成为常见的销售术语后,它才演变为人们广泛接受的孩子发展阶段。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: it was…that为强调句型,强调部分为时间状语从句only after “toddler” became common shoppers’ term。

evolve [ɪ’vɒlv] vt. 进化

broad ly [’brɔːdlɪ] adv. 宽广地,广泛地

17. Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.

译 文: 把孩子或者成年人分为更细微的类别已经证实是扩大利润的一种稳赢方式。

第一层:

讲 解: 动名词短语“Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categories”作主语,动词不定式to boost profits作后置定语修饰宾语way。

split [splɪt] vt. 分离

18. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.

译 文: 对市场进行细分最简单的方法就是扩大性别差异──或者创造出一些原来就没有的差异。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 该句的主干是主系表结构,动词不定式短语“to magnify gender differences—or invent them”作表语,句中连接副词where引导地点状语从句。

segment [’segm(ə)nt] vt. 分割

magnify [’mægnɪfaɪ] vt. 放大

题目翻译

26.By saying “it is… the rainbow” (Para. 1),the author means pink____.

通过说“它只是五颜六色……”(第1段),作者的意思是粉色____。

[A] cannot explain girls’ lack of imagination

无法解释女孩缺乏想象力

[B] should not be associated with girls’ innocence

不应该和女孩的纯真联系在一起

[C] should not be the sole representation of girlhood

不应该成为少女时期的唯一代表

[D] cannot influence girls’ lives and interests

无法影响女孩的生活与兴趣

imagination [ɪ9mædʒɪ’neɪʃ(ə)n] n. 想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物

innocence [’ɪnəs(ə)ns] n. 无罪;清白;无辜;天真

sole [səʊl] adj. 仅有的;唯一的;独占的;专有的

rep resentation [9reprɪzen’teɪʃ(ə)n] n. 表现;代表;描述;陈述

27.According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true of colours?

根据第2段,以下哪一项关于颜色的说法是正确的?

[A] Colours are encoded in girls’ DNA.

女孩们的颜色由基因决定。

[B] Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.

蓝色曾经被视为女孩的颜色。

[C] White is preferred by babies.

婴儿们偏爱白色

[D] Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolizing genders.

在象征性别的颜色中,粉色曾被视为中性颜色。

encode [ɪn’kəʊd] v. 把…译成电码(或密码);把……编码

p refer [prɪ’fɜː(r)] v. 较喜欢;喜欢……多于……

neutral [’njuːtrəl] adj. 中立的;持平的;无倾向性的;中立国的

symbolize [’sɪmbəlaɪz] v. 象征;是……的象征;代表

28. The author suggests that our perception of children’s psychological development was much influenced by____.

作者认为,我们对儿童心理发展的认识很大程度上受____的影响。

[A] the observation of children’s nature

对儿童天性的观察

[B] the marketing of products for children

儿童产品营销

[C] researches into children’s behavior

儿童行为研究

[D] studies of childhood consumption

儿童消费研究

perception [pə(r)’sepʃ(ə)n] n. 感知;知觉;看法;洞察力

psychological [9saɪkə’lɒdʒɪk(ə)l] adj. 心灵的;心理的;精神上的;心理学的

observation [9ɒbzə(r)’veɪʃ(ə)n] n. 观察;观测;监视;评论

consumption [kən’sʌmpʃ(ə)n] n. 消费;消耗量

29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to____.

根据第4段可知,百货商店被建议_____。

[A] classify consumers into smaller groups

将消费者划分为更小的群体

[B] attach equal importance to different genders

对不同性别给予同等关注

[C] focus on infant wear and older kids’ clothes

关注婴儿装和大龄儿童装

[D] create some common shoppers’ terms

创造一些通用的消费者用语

classify [’klæsɪfaɪ] v. 分类;归类;划分;界定

30.It can be concluded that girls’ attraction to pink seems to be____. 本文可以得出结论,女孩受到粉色吸引似乎____。

[A] fully understood by clothing manufacturers

被服装制造商充分理解了

[B] clearly explained by their inborn tendency

被她们与生俱来的倾向清晰地解释了

[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen

主要是被受利益驱动的商人强加的

[D] well interpreted by psychological experts

被心理学家充分解读了

manu facturer [9mænjʊ’fæktʃərə(r)] n. 生产商;生产者;制造者

inborn [9ɪn’bɔː(r)n] adj. 天生的;先天的

tendency [’tendənsi] n. 趋势;倾向;趋向;偏好

profit-driven 利润驱动;利益使然的;利益为目的

expert [’ekspɜː(r)t] n. 专家;行家;能手

Text 3

1. In 2010,a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core.

译 文: 2010年,一名联邦法官令美国生物科技业的核心为之一震。

第一层:

federal [’fed(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 联邦的

biotech [’baɪəʊtek] abbr. 生物技术

core [kɔː] n. 核心

2. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented.

译 文: 几十年来,许多公司已经获得了分离基因的专利──截至2005年,约20%的人类基因已被申请专利。

第一层:

讲 解: 该句分为两部分,破折号前一句为主谓宾结构,破折号后的内容做进一步解释说明,是主谓结构。

isolate [’aɪsəleɪt] v. 使孤立,使分离

gene [dʒiːn] n. 基因

patent [’pæt(ə)nt] n. 专利权

3. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.

译 文: 但是,在2010年3月,一位法官判决基因是不能授予专利的。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: that引导宾语从句,作谓语动词ruled的宾语。

unpatentable [QnpeintLbl] adj. 不可取得专利的

4. Executives were violently agitated.

译 文: 这让生物技术公司的管理者们变得极度不安。

第一层:

executive [ɪg’zekjʊtɪv] n. 主管;行政领导

violently [’vaɪələntli] adv. 极端地

5. The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO),a trade group,assured members that this was just a “prelim inary step” in a longer battle.

译 文: 生物科技行业组织(BIO)(一家贸易组织)让成员们相信这只是长期斗争的一个前奏。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 该句的主干是主谓宾结构,句中名词短语a trade group为BIO的同位语,that引导宾语从句,作谓语动词assured的直接宾语。

organization [ˌɔːɡənaɪ’zeɪʃn] n. 组织

assure [ə’ʃʊə; ə’ʃɔː] vt. 保证

p relim inary [prɪ’lɪmɪn(ə)rɪ] adj. 初步的 n. 预赛

6. On July 29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.

译 文: 7月29日,他们至少暂时得以放松。

第一层:

relieve [rɪ’liːv] vt. 使放松

7. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer.

译 文: 联邦上诉法院推翻了先前的判决,裁定米利亚德基因公司(Myriad Genetics) 的确可以持有两项有利于预测女性患乳腺癌风险的基因专利。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层

讲 解: 该句的主干是主谓宾结构,句中“现在分词ruling+that宾语从句”作伴随状语;第二层宾语从句的主干是主谓宾结构,从句中关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰宾语;第三层定语从句是主谓宾结构,关系代词that作主语。

appeal [ə’piːl] n. 呼吁,恳求;上诉

overturn [əʊvə’tɜːn] vt. 推翻

p rior [’praɪə] adj. (时间、顺序等)先前的;优先的

forecast [’fɔːkɑːst] vt. 预报

breast [brest] n. 乳房,胸部

8. The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.

译 文: 犹他州米利亚德基因公司的首席执行官说,这项判决对于公司和病患来说都是福音。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 该句的主干是主谓宾结构,句中介词短语of Myriad作后置定语修饰主语,名词短语a company in Utah作Myriad的同位语,谓语动词said后为省略连接词的宾语从句。

blessing [’blesɪŋ] n. 福音

firm [fɜːm] n. 公司

9. But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.

译 文: 但是当公司继续进行个性化医疗尝试时,法院将继续忙于此事。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: as引导时间状语从句,“当……的同时”,一般表示伴随。

attem pt [ə’tem(p)t] n. 企图

personalized [’pə:sənəlaizd] adj. 个性化的

10. The Myriad case itself is probably not over.

译 文: 或许米利亚德基因公司的案件本身可能不会结束。

第一层:

11. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolie s restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s.

译 文: 批判者提出了三个理由反对基因专利:基因是自然的产物,所以它不可以被申请专利;基因专利压制了创新而并非激励创新;像米利亚德基因公司这样的垄断企业会限制其他公司进行基因测试。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 该句的主干部分是“主1 +谓1 +宾1”结构,冒号后由分号连接了三个句子,对宾语1(三个理由)展开详细说明。

critic [’krɪtɪk] n. 批评家,评论家

suppress [sə’pres] vt. 强加,压制

innovation [ˌɪnə’veɪʃn] n. 创新

monopoly [mə’nɒp(ə)lɪ] n. 垄断

restrict [rɪ’strɪkt] vt. 限制

12. A growing number seem to agree.

译 文: 越来越多的人似乎同意这种说法。

第一层:

13. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.

译 文: 去年,联邦特别工作小组敦促基因检测的专利改革。

第一层:

urge [’ɜːdʒ] vt. 敦促

reform [rɪ’fɔːm] vt. 改革

14. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”

译 文: 10月,司法部对米利亚德基因公司一案做出简单声明,表示分离出的DNA分子和“从棉籽上分离的棉纤维一样都是自然的产物”。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层:

第四层

讲 解: 该句为主从复合句,主句是主谓宾结构,句中“现在分词arguing+that宾语从句”作伴随状语。第二层宾语从句的主干是“an DNA molecule is no less… than…”,than引导比较状语从句,与前面的no less形成固定搭配no less...than,表示“和……一样”。第三层比较状语从句是倒装结构,省略了比较的成分,可还原为“than cotton fibres are product of nature”,从句中that have beem separated from cotton seeds为定语从句,修饰先行词cotton fibres。第四层定语从句是主谓结构,关系代词that作主语。

no less than 不亚于

cotton [’kɒt(ə)n] n. 棉花

fibre [’faɪbə] n. 纤维;纤维制品

seed [siːd] n. 种子

15. Despite the appeals court’s decision,big questions remain unanswered.

译 文: 尽管上诉法院已经作出判决,但是一些重要的问题仍然尚待回答。

第一层:

despite [dɪ’spaɪt] prep. 尽管

16. For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.

译 文: 例如,基因组序列是否违背了单个基因专利尚无定论。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 该句的主句是主系表结构,it作形式主语,真正的主语为whether引导的主语从句;第二层主语从句是主谓宾结构。

sequencing [’siːkwənsɪŋ] n. 排序

genome [’dʒiːnəʊm] n. 基因组

violate [’vaɪəleɪt] vt. 违反

individual [ɪndɪ’vɪdjʊ(ə)l] adj. 单个的;单独的

17. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.

译 文: 这个问题可能要由最高法院裁决。

第一层:

18. As the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.

译 文: 但是,随着该行业的发展,其他案例可能会有更大的影响。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: as引导时间状语从句开句,主句是主谓宾结构。

suit [sju:t] n. 诉讼

impact [’ɪmpækt] n. 影响

19. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain.

译 文: 公司不太可能申请到更多的人类基因专利──大部分已经被申请专利或者属公共领域。

第一层:

domain [də(ʊ)’meɪn] n. 领域;域名;产业;地产

20. Firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy.

译 文: 公司正在研究基因是如何相互影响的,并寻找其关联性,这种关联性可能会用来确定疾病的病因或者预测药物的疗效。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层

讲 解: 本句的主句是主谓宾结构,宾语由how引导的宾语从句充当,“现在分词短语looking for correlations + that 定语从句”作伴随状语;第二层宾语从句中,how作方式状语;第三层定语从句是主谓结构,关系代词that在从句中作主语,动词不定式短语to determ ine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy作目的状语。

interact [ɪntər’ækt] vt. 互相影响;互相作用

correlation [ˌkɒrə’leɪʃ(ə)n] n. [数] 相关,关联

determ ine [dɪ’tɜːmɪn] vt. 决定,确定;判定,判决;限定

predict [prɪ’dɪkt] vt. 预报,预言

efficacy [’efɪkəsɪ] n. 功效,效力

21. Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots”,explains Hans Sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.

译 文: 生物科技行业组织的律师汉斯·索尔(Hans Sauer)解释说:公司希望获得专利以便“串联这些点”。

第一层:

第二层:

dot [dɒt] n.

22. Their success may be determ ined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.

译 文: 他们的成功取决于梅奥医学中心 所引发的与此问题相关的案件诉讼情况,最高法院将在下一轮审理该案。

第一层:

第二层

讲 解: 该句的主干为主谓结构,句中介词短语by a suit作方式状语,修饰谓语动词,过去分词短语related to this issue和brought by the Mayo Clinic分别作后置定语1和后置定语2,均修饰名词suit;which引导非限定性定语从句修饰先行词suit,关系代词which在从句中作宾语。

clinic [’klɪnɪk] n. 临床;诊所

23. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.

译 文: 生物科技行业组织最近召开了一系列研讨会,其中包括指导律师应对不断变化的专利形势的培训。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: which引导定语从句修饰convention,which在从句中作主语。

convention [kən’venʃ(ə)n] n. 大会

session [’seʃ(ə)n] n. 会议

24. Each meeting was packed.

译 文: 每场会议都座无虚席。

第一层:

packed [pækt] adj. 充满……的;塞满了……的

题目翻译

31.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like____.

从第1段得知,生物科技公司希望____。

[A] genes to be patentable

基因可以注册专利

[B] judges to rule out gene patenting

法官取消基因专利注册

[C] their executives to be active

高管们积极主动

[D] the BIO to issue a warning

BIO发布一则警告

biotech 生物技术;生物科技;生技

patentable [’peɪtəntəbl] adj. 可以取得专利的

patent [’peɪt(ə)nt] n. 专利;专利权;专利证 v. 取得专利权

executive [ɪɡ’zekjʊtɪv] n. 管理人员;领导层;(政府的)行政部门

BIO (The Biotechnology Industry Organisation) 贸易团体生物技术产业组织

32.Those who are against gene patents believe that____.

那些反对基因专利的人认为____。

[A] genetic tests are not reliable

基因测试是不可靠的

[B] only man-made products are patentable

只有人造产品才能申请专利

[C] patents on genes depend much on innovation

基因专利很大程度上依靠创新

[D] courts should restrict access to genetic tests

法院应该限制基因测试

innovation [9ɪnəʊ’veɪʃ(ə)n] n. 创新;改革;(新事物、思想或方法的)创造

33.According to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to win patents for____. 在汉斯·索尔看来,企业渴望赢得专利是为了____。

[A] discovering gene interactions

发现基因间的相互作用

[B] establishing disease correlations建立疾病间的联系

[C] drawing pictures of genes

绘制基因图谱

[D] identifying human DNA

鉴定人类DNA

interaction [9ntər’ækʃ(ə)n] n. 相互作用

correlation [.kɒrə’leɪʃ(ə)n] n. 相关;关联;相互关系

34.By saying “Each meeting was packed” (Para. 6),the author means that____.

通过提到“每次会议都座无虚席”(第6段),作者的意思是____。

[A] the Supreme Court was authoritative

最高法院是具有权威性的

[B] the BIO was a powerful organization

BIO是一个强大的组织

[C] gene patenting was a great concern

基因专利问题受到了极大关注

[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions

律师们热衷于参加会议

packed [pækt] adj. 异常拥挤的;挤满人的;……极多的

authoritative [ɔː’θɒrɪtətɪv] adj. 命令式的;专断的;权威式的;权威性的

convention [kən’venʃ(ə)n] n. 习俗;惯例;协定;常规

35.Generally speaking,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is____.

大体而言,作者对待基因专利的态度是____。

[A] critical

批判性的

[B] supportive

支持的

[C] scornful

轻蔑的

[D] objective

客观的

Text 4

1. The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.

译 文: 大萧条可能结束了,但是高失业率的时代也许才开始。

第一层:

recession [rɪ’seʃ(ə)n] n. 衰退;不景气

2. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.

译 文: 在情况变好之前,这将可能改变年轻一代的生命历程和特征。

第一层:

第二层:

3. And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.

译 文: 而且最终,它可能会在几年时间里改变我们的政治、文化和社会特征。

第一层:

讲 解: 句中it作形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式短语“to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society”。

u ltimately [’ʌltɪmətlɪ] adv. 最后

reshape [ˌri:’ʃeɪp] vt. 改造

politics [’pɒlɪtɪks] n. 政治

4. No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.

译 文: 在这场国家经济灾难中,没有人比失业者更努力地去寻找一线希望。

第一层:

job less [’dʒɒblɪs] n. 失业者

silver lining 一线希望

5. Many said that unem ployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others.

译 文: 许多人说,失业虽然非常痛苦,但在某种程度上也提高了自己:他们变得不再那么物质,更加节俭;对他人的煎熬也更加感同身受。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层:

讲 解: 本句为主从复合句。主干为主谓宾结构,宾语为that引导的宾语从句,后两句为同位语从句,用来说明ways,同位语从句均为主系表结构。

extremely [ɪk’strim li] adv. 非常

materialistic [mə9tɪərɪə’lɪstɪk] adj. 物质的

financially [faɪ’nænʃəli] adv. 财政上

p rudent [’pruːd(ə)nt] adj. 谨慎的

struggle [’strʌg(ə)l] n. 挣扎;奋斗

6. In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.

译 文: 在有限的方面,经济萧条也许会使社会更好。

第一层:

better off 经济状况好的;富裕的

7. At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.

译 文: 至少,萧条使我们从暴富和豪宅的狂热幻境中苏醒,也终结了挥霍无度的个人消费时代。

第一层:

reck less [’reklɪs] adj. 轻率的;鲁莽的;不顾危险的

8. But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.

译 文: 但很大程度上,这些好处似乎微乎其微、不确定且遥不可及。

第一层:

for the most part 在极大程度上,多半

benefit [’benɪfɪt] n. 利益,好处

uncertain [ʌn’sɜːt(ə)n] adj. 不确定的

9. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Grow th ,the economic historian Benjam in Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.

译 文: 在《经济增长的道德后果》一书中,经济历史学家本杰明·弗里德曼(Benjam in Friedman)认为,无论是在美国国内还是国外,长期的经济停滞或衰退几乎总是使社会变得更狭隘、更加不包容,而且通常使人权和自由停滞不前或倒退。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 本句主干是主谓宾结构,宾语由that引导的宾语从句充当,句首介词In短语为地点状语;第二层宾语从句中,并列连词and连接了谓语1 have left和谓语2 have stopped or reversed,谓语1后跟宾语和宾语补足语成分,谓语2后跟宾语成分。

moral [’mɒr(ə)l] adj. 道德的

consequence [’kɒnsɪkw(ə)ns] n. 结果

lengthy [’lɛŋθi] adj. 漫长的

stagnation [stæɡ’neɪʃən] n. 停滞

mean [miːn] adj. 低劣的

spirited [’spɪrɪtɪd] adj. 英勇的

reverse [rɪ’vɜːs] vt. 颠倒

10. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.

译 文: 与种族和阶级矛盾会加剧一样,反移民情绪也会增加。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: as引导方式状语从句,表示“和……一样”,从句中谓语dose替代increase。

sentiment [’sentɪm(ə)nt] n. 情绪

typically [’tɪpɪkəlɪ] adv. 代表性地;通常地

conflict [’kɒnflɪkt] n. 冲突

11. Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk in this one.

译 文: 在萧条期,收入差距通常会缩小,但这次却没有。

第一层:

inequality [ɪnɪ’kwɒlɪtɪ] n. 不平等

shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] v. 收缩(shrink的过去分词)

12. Indeed,this period of economic w eakness m ay reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people.

译 文: 的确,这一阶段的经济衰退可能会加剧阶级分化,减少跨越阶级分化的机会──尤其是对年轻人而言。

第一层:

weakness [’w iːknəs] n. 弱点

reinforce [riːɪn’fɔːs] vt. 加强,加固

13. The research of Till Von Wachter,the econom ist at Columbia University,suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherw ise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.

译 文: 哥伦比亚大学经济学家蒂尔·冯·沃希特(Till Von Wachter)的研究表明,并非所有在萧条时期毕业的人都把自己的生活机会看得很渺茫:那些从名牌大学毕业的人会很快取得他们在经济繁荣期毕业时本能获得的成绩;恰恰是普通大众被落在后面。

第一层:

第二层:

第三层:

第四层:

讲 解: 本句分为两部分:首先,冒号之前的句子结构为“主1+谓1+that宾语从句”,介词短语of Till Von Wachter 作后置定语1修饰主语1,名词短语the econom ist at Columbia University作Till Von Wachter的同位语,解释说明其身份。其次,冒号后的句子对前句做解释说明,由分号连接两个独立的句子,分句1是“主2 +谓2”结构,句中介词短语with degrees from elite universities作后置定语2修饰主语2,“介词to + where宾语从句”作状语;分句2是强调句型,强调主语3(the masses),介词短语beneath them作后置定语3修饰主语3。第二层宾语从句是主谓宾宾补结构。第三层where宾语从句是主系表结构,where作表语,从句中if引导条件状语从句。第四层条件状语从句是主谓结构。

dimmed [dimd] adj. 无效的

degree [dɪ’griː] n. 程度

elite [ɪ’liːt] n. 精英

mass [mæs] n. 大众

beneath [bɪ’niːθ] prep. 在……之下

14. In the Internet age,it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society.

译 文: 在互联网时代,很容易看到一直隐藏在美国社会内部的不满情绪。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 介词短语作时间状语开句,it为形式主语,动词不定式to see the resentment是真正的主语,句中关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰先行词resentment;第二层定语从句是主谓结构,关系代词that在从句中作主语。

resentment [rɪ’zentm(ə)nt] n. 怨恨

hide [haɪd] vt. 隐藏

15. M ore difficult,in the moment,is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character.

译 文: 这个时候,精确地辨别经济萧条对社会特征的影响就要困难得多。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 本句用倒装结构表示强调,句首More difficult是形容词比较级作表语,句中“动名词discerning+ how宾语从句”作主语;第二层宾语从句是主谓宾结构,how在从句中作方式状语。

discern [dɪ’sɜːn] vt. 识别

lean [liːn] adj. 节俭的

affect [ə’fekt] vt. 影响

16. In many respects,the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history,and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown m ixed results.

译 文: 在很多方面,美国在这次经济萧条期间比历史上任何时刻都更具社会容忍度,此后很多关于社会冲突的民意调查结果也都不尽相同。

第一层:

讲 解: 本句为并列句,由并列连词and连接两个简单句,分句1是主系表结构,分句2是主谓宾结构。

tolerant [’tɑlərənt] adj. 宽容的

poll [pəʊl] n. 民意调查

conflict [’kɒnflɪkt] n. 冲突

17. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.

译 文: 我们拭目以待这些艰难的时光将会怎样重塑我们的社会结构。

第一层:

第二层:

reshape [ri’ʃep] vt. 改造

fabric [’fæbrɪk] n. 织物

18. But they certainly will reshape it,and all the more so the longer they extend.

译 文: 但是,这些困难肯定会重塑社会结构,并且萧条持续的时间越长,影响也越大。

第一层:

第二层:

讲 解: 本句由并列连词and连接两个分句:分句1是主谓宾结构,分句2是the more…the more…结构,相当于“the longer they extend,and all the more so”,the longer they extend为条件状语从句,all the more so为主句,省略了主谓宾成分,all the more意思是“更加”,而so指代的内容是上文的they will reshape it;第二层条件状语从句中they和分句1主语they指代的都是上文的“these hard times”(这些艰难时期),所以the longer they extend指的是艰难时期越长,也就是“时间越长”。

题目翻译

36.By saying “to find silver linings” (Para. 2) the author suggests that the jobless try to____.

通过提到“寻找一线生机”(第2段),作者建议失业者应该试着____。

[A] seek subsidies from the government

寻求来自政府的资助

[B] make profits from the troubled economy

从困难的经济中获益

[C] explore reasons for the unemployment

探究失业的原因

[D] look on the bright side of the recession

看到经济衰退的积极面

subsidy [’sʌbsədi] n. 补贴;津贴;补助金

explore [ɪk’splɔː(r)] v. 探索;探讨;探究;勘探

unem ployment [9ʌnɪm’plɔɪmənt] n. 失业;失业人数;无业;没有工作

recession [rɪ’seʃ(ə)n] n. 经济衰退;经济萎缩;退后;撤回

37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people____.

根据第2段,经济衰退使得人们____。

[A] struggle against each other

相互斗争

[B] realize the national dream

实现美国梦

[C] challenge their prudence

挑战他们的谨慎

[D] reconsider their lifestyle

重新考虑他们的生活方式

struggle [’strʌɡl] v. 斗争;挣扎;抗争;搏斗

p rudence [’pruːdns] n. 谨慎;节俭;精明

38.Benjam in Friedman believes that economic recessions may____.

本杰明·弗里德曼认为经济衰退或许会____。

[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants

给移民增加更大的负担

[B] bring out more evils of human nature

引出更多人性中的丑恶

[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms

促进权利与自由的进步

[D] ease conflicts between races and classes

缓和种族与阶级的冲突

imm igrant [’ɪmɪɡrənt] n. (外来)移民;外侨

evil [’iːv(ə)l] n. 邪恶;罪恶;恶行;弊端

ease [iːz] v. 缓解;减轻;放松;降低

conflict [’kɒnflɪkt] n. 冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触

race [reɪs] n. 种族;赛跑;竞争;民族

39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to_____.

蒂尔·冯·沃希特的研究表明,在衰退期的名牌大学毕业生往往____。

[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities

由于机会减少而落后于人

[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees

迅速赶上有经验的员工

[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others’

认为人生机会与他人一样黯淡

[D] recover more quickly than the others

比其他人恢复得更快

elite [ɪ’liːt] n. 精英;精华;杰出人物

lag [læɡ] v. 缓慢移动;发展缓慢;滞后;落后于

dim [dɪm] v. 暗下来;(使)暗淡;(使)模糊;(使)变朦胧 adj. 模糊不清的;暗淡的;悲观的;渺茫的

40.The author thinks that the inf luence of hard times on society is____.

作者认为困难时期对社会的影响是____。

[A] trivial

微不足道的

[B] positive

积极的

[C] certain

确定的

[D] destructive

破坏性的 BfEaZnAu+R3UZlawR9Qim+aB8kRSTQGffeaZ5/6S4xOLs68rLDURo1TE37ThQ6eR

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