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Tense

07时态到底怎么用

英语在表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,需要用不同的动词形式表示,这种不同的动词形式称为时态。下面我们就一起来学习一下英语的时态该怎么用。

一般情况下,我们主要会用到以下8种时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。

Case 1 一般现在时

一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态,常与always , often , usually ,every day , sometimes , once a week 等时间状语连用。一般现在时常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,动词词尾加s或es,比如:

She is an engineer.

He has breakfast at 8:00 every day.

I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening.

They go home once a week.

一般现在时用来表示客观现实或普遍真理,例如:

The sun always rises in the east.

The light travels faster than the sound.

下面我们一起来学习一些动词第三人称单数形式的特殊变化:

Case 2 一般过去时

一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last night, some years ago, in 1990, in those days连用,比如:

I was a student six years ago.

I went to Beijing last year.

They saw a film last night.

一般情况下,一般过去时动词变化直接加ed,比如:work — worked,call— called,laugh — laughed,explain — explained,finish — finished,knock —knocked。此外,还有以下几种规则变化:

以不发音的字母e结尾的动词直接加d,比如:

live — lived,change — changed,smoke — smoked,die — died

以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,变y为i加ed,比如:

study — studied,carry — carried,cry — cried,try — tried,marry — married

以“元音字母+ y”结尾的动词直接加ed,比如:

play — played,stay — stayed

以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加ed,比如:

stop — stopped,plan — planned,pat — patted

有一些动词会发生不规则变化,常见的有:

Case 3 一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等连用,句子结构是:主语+ will/shall +动词原形,比如:They will have a meeting next week.

一般将来时还可以用be going to表示,比如:They are going to have a meeting next Sunday.

需要注意的是,偶尔也可以用be about to表示,比如:I am about to leave school. 但是be about to不能与表示时间的副词连用。

Case 4 现在进行时

现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作,通常与now, at present等时间状语连用,常用“be +动词现在分词”的形式表示,比如:

Look! They are dancing.

We are studying English at present.

It's raining hard now.

动词现在分词的变化主要有以下三种:

一般动词直接加ing,比如: do — doing,read — reading,work — working,think — thinking

以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,先去掉 e 然后加ing,比如: like — liking,take — taking,leave — leaving,live—living,dance — dancing, come — coming,smoke —smoking,write — writing

以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词,先双写 这个辅音字母再加ing,比如: stop — stopping,begin —beginning,dig — digging,swim — swimming, run —running,sit — sitting

Case 5 过去将来时

过去将来时是从过去的角度看将要发生的动作或状态。主要用于宾语从句中,基本结构是:主语+would或was/were going to+动词原形,比如:

He said that he would have a meeting next week.

He said that he was going to have a meeting next week.

Case 6 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行的动作,通常与过去的一个具体时间点或when 引导的时间状语等连用,基本结构是:主语+be (was/were) +动词现在分词,比如:

It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.

We were reading when the teacher came in.

Case 7 现在完成时

现在完成时主要用于两种情况:一是表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,二是表示过去某个时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。通常与up to now,in the past, recently, by..., since, so far, already, yet等词连用。基本结构是:主语+have/has+动词过去分词,比如:

I've finished this work.

I have not heard from her recently.

I have already read this book.

动词过去分词的构成一般是在词尾加ed,下面介绍一些动词的不规则变化:

Case 8 过去完成时

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态, 强调“过去的过去”, 常与 by the time, by the end of..., before等引导时间的状语连用。句子的基本结构是:主语+had+动词过去分词,比如:

When I got to the cinema yesterday, the film had begun already. 昨天当我到达电影院时电影已经开始了。

He had learned English before he came here. 他来这儿之前已经学英语了。

By the end of last term I had learned 2, 000 English words. 到上学期末我已学了2000个英语单词。 KYvKq1O+XfKAQd1tO/pdUcn8yiBJGUxBt9qYuOgw8iUNH0YSdG6sK6xfamyatp5o

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