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Word List 2

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antique [ænˈtiːk]

adj. 古代的;古式的 n. 古物,古玩

词根记忆:anti(=ante,前)+que→以前的→古时的

I found an interesting antique store on my way home. 我在回家的途中发现了一家有趣的古玩店。

antiquity(n. 古老,高龄;古物,古迹)

anxiety [æŋˈzaɪəti]

n. 忧虑,担心;焦虑;渴望,热望

来自anxious(adj. 担忧的,渴望的)

In the sixties, that was the sum total of post-graduation anxiety syndrome. 在六十年代,那是毕业后焦虑综合征的全部。(2012)

anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs]

adj. 忧虑的,不安的;渴望的;急切的

Tom spent an anxious night waiting for the test results. 等待测试结果的汤姆度过了一个焦虑不安的夜晚。

anxiously(adv. 忧虑地;焦急地;渴望地)

apart [əˈpɑːt]

adv. 相隔,相距;离开,离去;拆开

词根记忆:a(表示加强)+part(分开)→拆开

apart from... I can't remember what else you include in the price apart from the air tickets. 除了机票之外,我记不清你的费用里还包括什么项目。(2010听力)

apart常与from搭配,除接名词表示“远离某人或某物”之外,还可以组成词组apart from,意思是“除了;且莫说,撇开…不说”。

apologize [əˈpɒlədʒaɪz]

vi. 道歉

联想记忆:apo(远远地)+log(说话)+ize→觉得过意不去,远远地说话→道歉

We apologize to customers, but due to the signal problems, the 11:28 train to Hangzhou from Platform 15 has been canceled. 我们向乘客致歉,由于信号问题,11点28分从15站台出发到杭州的火车被取消了。(2005听力)

apologize的常用搭配有:①apologize to sb. (向某人道歉);②apologize for (doing) sth. 〔为(做了)某事道歉〕;③apologize for oneself (为自己辩解或辩护)。

apologetic(adj. 道歉的,认错的);apology〔n. 道歉;(为信仰等的)辩解〕

appalling [əˈpɔːlɪŋ]

adj. 骇人的,可怕的;糟糕的

来自appall(vt. 使惊骇)

I don't know why she's marrying that appalling man; I wouldn't touch him with a barge-pole. 我不明白她为什么要嫁给那个糟糕透顶的人,我连理都不愿意理他。

appalling, horrible, terrible

appalling用于形容那些令人惊恐或瞠目结舌的事物,如:appalling violence;horrible强调引起恐怖的同时也伴有极其厌恶、憎恨的情绪,如:the horrible sound;terrible形容的范围比较广,可以描述任何造成恐惧或可怕的事物。

apparent [əˈpærənt]

adj. 明显的,显而易见的;外表的,表面上的

联想记忆:ap(表示加强)+parent(父母)→父母对儿女的爱显而易见→明显的

She placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother's shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds. 她带着明显不习惯的爱意,用胳膊搂住母亲的肩膀,轻轻地领着她回到人群中。(2019)

apparently(adv. 显然,明显地)

appeal [əˈpiːl]

n. 感染力,吸引力;恳求,呼吁;上诉 v. 呼吁,恳求;诉诸;有吸引力;上诉

联想记忆:ap(表示加强)+peal(巨大的声音)→巨大的呼喊声→呼吁

Music appeals to our desire and our need for movement. 音乐引起了我们对运动的渴望与需求。(2005) // Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. 害羞是最大的恐惧,其次是担心暴露自我和不能吸引听众。(2008)

appeal常与to连用,表示“呼吁;诉诸;上诉;有吸引力”等意。

appealing(adj. 吸引人的)

applaud [əˈplɔːd]

v. 鼓掌,喝彩;赞成,称赞

The song ended and the spectators applauded. 歌曲结束了,观众鼓起掌来。

applaud表示赞许时,一般都为“鼓掌称赞”的意思。

applause(n. 鼓掌,喝彩;称赞,赞许)

application [ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn]

n. 申请;应用;涂抹

Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom. 学生们学会了实际应用课堂上学到的理论。

application letter是固定搭配,表示“求职信”。

apply [əˈplaɪ]

v. 申请,请求;应用,施用;适用

词根记忆:ap(表示加强)+ply(重叠)→多次重叠,反复使用→应用

The new rules apply to only pilots of passenger airlines. 新规定仅适用于客机飞行员。(2013听力)

apply常与介词for和to连用,前者表示“申请…”,后者表示“适用于…”。

applicable(adj. 生效的;适用的;可应用的);applicant(n. 申请人);application(n. 请求;申请表;应用,适用;施用,敷用)

appoint [əˈpɔɪnt]

v. 任命,(委)派;约定(时间、地点)

联想记忆:ap(表示加强)+point(指向)→指向某个时间→约定(时间)

Maria wanted to appoint you to another department. 玛丽亚想派你到另一个部门去。

appointee(n. 被任命者,被指定者);appointment(n. 约会;职务,职位)

appreciate [əˈpriːʃieɪt]

v. 感谢,感激;欣赏,鉴赏;评价,鉴别;理解,意识到;领会,体会

词根记忆:ap+preci(价值)+ate(使)→给出价值→评价

The adolescent wants to do things first for only then does he appreciate the problems involved and want to learn more about them. 青少年希望凡事先实践,因为只有这样,他才能体会到其中的问题,并且想从中学到更多东西。(2014)

appreciable(adj. 可观的;可察觉到的);appreciation(n. 欣赏,赏识;感谢);appreciative(adj. 有欣赏力的,欣赏的;感激的)

approach [əˈprəʊtʃ]

v. 接近,靠近;与…接洽,与…交涉;处理,对付 n. 靠近,接近;态度;方法

词根记忆:ap+proach(接近,靠近)→接近,靠近

Now, twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication—but none can replace the role of a great speech. 现在,推特、即时通信、电子邮件、博客和聊天论坛提供了相互竞争的交流方式——但是没有一种方式能代替一场优秀演讲的地位。(2013)

appropriate

[əˈprəʊpriət] adj. 适合的,适宜的

[əˈprəʊprieɪt] v. 挪用

词根记忆:ap+propri(拥有)+ate(使)→使变成自己的→挪用

You should supply an appropriate title for your composition. 你应该给作文加个合适的题目。(2006)

approve [əˈpruːv]

v. 批准,通过;赞成,称许

词根记忆:ap(加强)+prov(证明)+e→证明可行→赞成

It is expected to approve proposal to send patrol boats manned by armed police and customs officers with powers to search and turn back ships suspected of breaking the sanctions. 人们期望派出由武装警察和有权力的海关人员驾驶的巡逻船搜寻并拦截涉嫌违反许可的船只的提议能够通过。

approve作“赞成”讲时一定要与of连用。

approval(n. 赞成;认可,批准)

approve, sanction

approve既可以表示个人的赞同,也可以指官方的认可;sanction不仅表示赞同,而且表示批准或认可,如:The statement was sanctioned by common sense.

approximate [əˈprɒksɪmət]

adj. 大约的,近似的

词根记忆:ap+proxim(接近,靠近)+ate(…的)→接近的→大约的

He should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source language even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced. 他应该对源语言的发音有个大概的了解,即使仅限于知道专有名词和地名的发音。

approximate与about意思相近,但approximate表示的程度更加精确和接近;它常用的搭配是be approximate to,表示“近似,约计”。

apt [æpt]

adj. 恰当的,贴切的;易于…的

本身为词根:适应;能力

Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays due to traffic jam. 有些员工星期一往往因交通堵塞而迟到。

apt常与to do不定式搭配,表示“做…是恰当的;易于…的”。

arbitrary [ˈɑːbɪtrəri]

adj. 随意的;武断的;霸道的,专横的

词根记忆:arbitr(判断)+ary(…的)→总是独自判断→霸道的

Green finally submitted to an arbitrary order from the girl. 格林最终服从了女孩霸道的命令。

argue [ˈɑːɡjuː]

v. 辩论,争论;主张,认为;争执

发音记忆:“阿Q”→阿Q喜欢和人争论→辩论,争论

Doctors argue the new legislation will help smokers give up. 医生认为新法规将有助于吸烟者戒烟。(2012听力)

argument(n. 辩论,争论;论点,论据);argumentative(adj. 好争辩的,好争吵的;议论文的)

arid [ˈærɪd]

adj. (土地)干燥的,不毛的;枯燥乏味的,无生气的

本身为词根:干燥的

The desert is so arid that nothing can grow there. 这片沙漠极为干旱,寸草不生。

arise [əˈraɪz]

vi. 兴起,发生,出现;站起来,起立,起身

联想记忆:a(表示加强)+rise(出现,上升)→升起来→出现

The question might even arise in the parents' minds as to whether the child should be compelled to go to school at all. 关于是否要强迫孩子上学这个问题甚至可能已经在家长的脑海中生成了。(2001)

arise常与from搭配,表示“源自…”。

arouse [əˈraʊz]

v. 唤醒;唤起,激起,引起(注意、同情、嫉妒、怀疑等)

联想记忆:a(表示加强)+rouse(唤醒,激起)→唤醒

Indifference aroused public resentment. 冷漠激起了公愤。

arrange [əˈreɪndʒ]

v. 整理,分类,排列;筹备,安排;商妥,商定

词根记忆:ar(表示加强)+range(排列)→有顺序地排列→安排

On Thursday we usually arrange a meal in a restaurant for anyone who wants to come. 星期四的时候,我们通常会在餐馆安排聚餐,任何想来的人都可以参加。(2013听力)

arrange后可接介词for,表示“安排”,也可接with,表示“与…商量”。

arrangement(n. 整理,排列,布置;安排,准备,筹备;商定)

array [əˈreɪ]

n. 展示,陈列;排列整齐的一队人,一长列(物品)

Throughout the cultures of the world, East and West, a virtually limitless array of sounds has been employed in the service of musical expression. 在全世界各种文化背景下,无论是东方还是西方,声音的无限排列方式都能为音乐表达所用。(2005)

词组an array of表示“一群,一批”的意思。

arrest [əˈrest]

vt. 逮捕,拘留;抓住,吸引;阻止,阻碍,抑制 n. 逮捕,拘留;阻止

联想记忆:ar(表示加强)+rest(休息)→强迫人休息→拘留

Nothing can arrest the spread of the disease. 没有什么可以阻止这种疾病的蔓延。

arrogant [ˈærəɡənt]

adj. 傲慢无礼的,骄傲自大的

词根记忆:ar+rog(要求)+ant(…的)→一再要求的→骄傲自大的

Charles was young, confident and slightly arrogant. 查尔斯年轻、自信,有点傲慢。

常见搭配 be arrogant toward sb. 表示“对某人傲慢无礼”。

arrogance(n. 傲慢,自大)

artificial [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl]

adj. 人造的,人工的;假装的;不自然的

词根记忆:arti(技巧)+fic(做)+ial(…的)→靠技巧做的→人造的

The product contains no artificial colours, flavours, or preservatives. 这个产品不含人工色素、香料和防腐剂。(2015)

artificial, false

artificial特指人工仿造物,如:artificial flowers;false通常指假造的代替品,如:false teeth。

ascend [əˈsend]

v. 登高;上升,升高

联想记忆:a+scend(爬,攀)→向上爬→登高

The moon ascends in the dark blue sky. 月亮在深蓝色的夜空中升起。

ascend与to连用时表示“追溯到…”。

ascent(n. 上升,升高,攀登;上升坡度;上坡路)

aspect [ˈæspekt]

n. 方面;面貌,外表

词根记忆:a(表示加强)+spect(看)→让人看的东西→外表

Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. 然而,许多人认为,我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面。(2010)

assault [əˈsɔːlt]

n. 猛烈的攻击,突击,突袭;侵犯人身罪 v. 突击,袭击;殴打;强奸

The criminal dabbled in assault. 这名罪犯涉嫌侵犯人身罪。

assemble [əˈsembl]

v. 聚集,集合;装配(机器等)

词根记忆:as(表示加强)+sembl(类似)+e→物以类聚→集合

We assembled outside the school building. 我们在教学楼外面集合。

assembly(n. 集合,会合;议会)

assert [əˈsɜːt]

vt. 宣称,断言;维护,坚持(权利等)

词根记忆:as(表示加强)+sert(插入)→强行插入观点→断言

Dr. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much.” 罗伯特博士在《人人健康》中称:“可以确定地说,正如大多数人吃得太多一样,大多数人也睡得太多。”

assertion〔n. 语气肯定的话,断言;主张,坚持(权利、意见等)〕

assess [əˈses]

vt. 评估(价值或数额),评定,核定

The real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assessable aspects of each candidate but to make a guess at the more intangible things, such as personality, character and social ability. 面试的真正目的不是评估每个候选者可评估的素质,而是推测更为无形的东西,例如:性格、品质和社交能力等。(2004)

assessment(n. 评估,评定,核定)

assign [əˈsaɪn]

vt. 分配(房屋、土地、工作、任务等);指定(时间、地点等);委派

联想记忆:as(表示加强)+sign(记号)→在时间上做记号→指定(时间)

All the students are assigned to suitable jobs. 所有的学生都分到了合适的工作。

assignment〔n. 分配,委派;(分派)的任务,指定的(课外)作业〕

assignment [əˈsaɪnmənt]

n. (分派的)任务;作业;分配

词根记忆:assign(分配)+ment→分配

It is necessary that he hand in the assignment without delay. 他必须按时交作业。(2010)

assist [əˈsɪst]

v. 援助,帮助

词根记忆:as(表示加强)+sist(站立)→站在你一边→帮助

The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detective, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two-way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. 职业小偷不会给商店侦探带来什么问题,在闭路电视、双面镜和各种其他技术设备的帮助下,探员通常能应付得了他们。(2004)

assistance(n. 援助,帮助);assistant(n. 助手;助教 adj. 辅助的,助理的)

assist, aid

assist强调的是“辅佐,辅助”,表示作为助手来提供帮助或援助;aid暗指被帮助的一方是弱的,而援助的一方是强有力的。

associate

[əˈsəʊʃieɪt] v. 结交,交往;使联合;联想;将…联系起来

[əˈsəʊʃiət] n. 同事,同伴

词根记忆:as(表示加强)+soci(同伴)+ate(做)→成为同伴→结交

World-wide statistics show that literacy problems are associated with poverty and a lack of political power. 全世界的统计数据表明,读写能力问题与贫穷和政治权力缺失有关。(2017)

associate常与with搭配,表示“与…联系/联合”。

association(n. 联合,联盟;联想;协会,社团)

assume [əˈsjuːm]

v. 假定,设想;承担,接受;装出,佯作

联想记忆:as+sum(拿,取)+e→拿东西就要担责任→承担

We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture. 在我们想当然地认为科技的出现是为了毁灭传统文化之前,我们应该记住这一点。(2011) // assuming that... Assuming that it rains tomorrow, what shall I do? 假设 明天下雨,我怎么办?

assume作为“假装”讲时,并不一定就是不诚实或成心欺骗。

assumption(n. 假定,假设;假装)

assure [əˈʃʊə(r)]

vt. 使放心,向…保证;保障

联想记忆:as+sure(肯定)→一再肯定→使放心

The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown's body, seeking to assure the family and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death. 首席检察官命令联邦政府对布朗的尸体进行尸检,力图向受害者家庭和社会保证将会对死者的死因进行彻底的调查。(2016)

assurance(n. 保证;肯定,确信;自信);assuredly(adv. 确定地,无疑地)

assure, ensure

assure常与of连用,指通过劝导或承诺等方式向对方保证并使对方相信;ensure表示确保某事的发生,如:The precautions ensured our safety.

astonish [əˈstɒnɪʃ]

vt. 使吃惊,使惊愕

联想记忆:a(一个)+ston(看作stone,石头)+ish(使)→一石激起千层浪,怎不叫人惊讶?→使惊愕

You always astonish me with your strange behaviour. 你的奇怪举动总是让我感到吃惊。

astonishment(n. 惊讶)

astound [əˈstaʊnd]

vt. 使震惊,使大吃一惊

Kate was astounded by the answer of her friends. 朋友们的答案令凯特感到震惊。

astound在“震惊”中带有“疑惑不解”的意思。

attach [əˈtætʃ]

v. 缚,系,贴;参加(党派);把(重点等)放在

There are superstitions attached to numbers; even those ancient Greeks believed that all numbers and their multiples had some mystical significance. 数字也有与它们相关的迷信说法,甚至那些古希腊人都认为所有数字与其倍数蕴含着某种神秘的意义。(2003)

attach常与介词to搭配使用,表示“使依附;把…放在…上”。

attachment(n. 联结;联结物;爱慕,情义;喜爱,依恋)

attack [əˈtæk]

n. 攻击,进攻,攻打 v. 攻击,进攻,侵袭

Most wild animals won't attack unless you disturb them. 多数野生动物除非受到骚扰,否则它们是不会主动攻击的。

attain [əˈteɪn]

v. 达到,完成,获得,实现;到达,至

词根记忆:at(表示加强)+tain(拿住)→紧紧拿住→获得

After working for the firm for ten years, he finally attained the rank of deputy director. 他在工厂工作了10年之后,终于获得了副主管的头衔。(2009)

attain最常见的搭配是attain one's goal,表示“达到某种目的”。

attain, accomplish

attain通常指通过努力而达到预定的目的,如:He attained the position of manager.;accomplish强调完成了既定的任务,也可以指出色地做成某事。

attempt [əˈtempt]

vt. 尝试,企图 n. 尝试,企图;试做的事,未成功的事;攻击,侵害

词根记忆:at(表示加强)+tempt(尝试)→尝试

I feel accomplished, and I'm more confident about attempting things I've never done before. 我觉得很有成就感,对于之前从没做过的事情,我更有信心去尝试。(2012)

attempt一般都用作attempt to do sth.,表示“试图或尝试做某事”。

attend [əˈtend]

v. 出席;照料,侍候;注意听

联想记忆:at+tend(伸展)→伸长了脖子听→注意听

As a student, our main task is to concentrate on our academic study. We have to attend classes, read books and do assignments. 作为学生,我们的首要任务是专注于学习。我们必须上课、看书、做作业。(2004) // attend to... We'll attend to that problem later. 稍后我们将 关注 那个问题。

attend表示“参加”时,不能接to或其他介词;而当它用在搭配attend to中时,则表示“专注,专心,照顾”。

attendance〔n. 出席,到场;出席人数,(总称)出席者〕;attendant(n. 侍者,服务员;护理员)

attention [əˈtenʃn]

n. 注意,专心;立正

联想记忆:at+tent(伸展)+ion(表示名词)→听得伸长了脖子→专心

There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span. 高速连接的互联网将缩短我们的注意力持续时间,这一点很危险。(2011)

attentive(adj. 注意的,当心的;有礼貌的,照顾周到的,殷勤的)

attitude [ˈætɪtjuːd]

n. 态度,看法;姿势

Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal—or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. 在过去的25年里,英国社会发生了巨大改变,至少许多地区是这样的。但从另一个角度来看,变化也可谓微乎其微,特别是人们的观点。(2006)

attract [əˈtrækt]

v. 引起…的注意(或兴趣);吸引

词根记忆:at(表示加强)+tract(拉)→拉过来→吸引

London attracts shoppers from all over the world. 伦敦吸引了来自世界各地的购物者。(2014 听力)

attraction(n. 吸引力,诱惑力;吸引物;喜闻乐见的事物);attractive(adj. 有吸引力的,诱人的;令人愉快的)

auction [ˈɔːkʃn]

n. 拍卖 vt. 以拍卖方式出售,拍卖

词根记忆:auct(提高)+ion→提高价格→拍卖

The man auctioned off his house, furniture and everything he had owned to pay debts. 为了还债,这个人把房子、家具以及他所拥有的一切都拍卖掉了。

authentic [ɔːˈθentɪk]

adj. 真正的,真迹的,原作的,正宗的

Where can we find authentic Sichuan cuisine in the town? 我们在这个城镇的哪个地方能找到正宗的川菜?// If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience. 如果你演讲时就像在自家厨房里一样,那就过于真实了,你没有意识到需要与听众交流。(2008)

authorize [ˈɔːθəraɪz]

vt. 授权,批准,允许

联想记忆:author(创造者)+ize(使)→创造者给的特权→授权,批准

The local police are authorized to halt anyone's movements as they think fit. 地方警察被授权可以阻止任何人的行为,只要他们认为适当。

authorize常用作被动语态,be authorized to do sth. 表示“被授权或允许做某事”。

authoritative(adj. 具有权威性的;可信赖的);authority(n. 权力;权威;[pl.]当局,官方;职权,权限)

auxiliary [ɔːɡˈzɪliəri]

adj. 辅助的;备用的 n. 助动词

This book is just auxiliary to that course. 这本书对于那个课程来说只是辅助性的。

available [əˈveɪləbl]

adj. 可用的,可得到的

词根记忆:a(表示加强)+vail(价值)+able(可…的)→有价值的→可用的

There will be a computer and a data projector there available. 那里会有一台电脑和一台数据投影仪可用。(2016听力)

availability(n. 可用性)

avenge [əˈvendʒ]

v. 为…报仇

词根记忆:a(表示加强)+veng(惩罚,引申为报仇)+e→为…报仇

avenge oneself on Edith avenged herself on the man who had betrayed her. 伊迪丝 背叛她的负心汉 报了仇

avenge后若直接接名字,表示“为…报仇”;若接on,如avenge oneself on则表示“向…报仇”,注意区分。

avoid [əˈvɔɪd]

vt. 避免;回避,躲开

联想记忆:a(无)+void(空的)→屋子空了→躲开

Road safety should be taught to young children to avoid road accidents. 应该教给小孩子道路安全知识,避免交通事故的发生。

avoid后常接doing,表示“避免做…”。

await [əˈweɪt]

v. 等待

联想记忆:a(表示加强)+wait(等待)→等待

Anna is anxiously awaiting her test results. 安娜正焦急地等待着她的测试结果。

awake [əˈweɪk]

v. 醒过来;醒悟,觉察,明白 adj. 醒着的

联想记忆:a+wake(醒)→醒过来

I would place the picture next to my bed so that it would be the first thing I saw when I awoke. 我会把这幅画挂在床边,这样我醒来第一眼就能看到它。

词组be awake to表示“警觉;明白”的意思,如:be awake to the dangers of noise pollution。

awaken [əˈweɪkən]

v. 叫醒,闹醒;醒来,觉醒

awaken to We must awaken to new challenges. 我们必须 意识到 新的挑战。

award [əˈwɔːd]

vt. 授予,给予奖励;判给 n. 奖品

联想记忆:Academy Award(奥斯卡金像奖)

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. 分数将取决于内容、组织结构、语法和使用词汇的恰当程度。

award, reward

award的意思是“授予;判给”,如:award prize to the winner;reward的意思是“给…酬劳,奖赏”,如:His efforts were rewarded by success.

aware [əˈweə(r)]

adj. 知晓的,察觉的,意识到的

联想记忆:a(表加强)+ware(留心)→察觉的

Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. 如今的人们越来越意识到健康的重要性。(2002)

aware常与of搭配使用,表示“意识到…,察觉到…”。

awareness(n. 知晓,察觉)

awe [ɔː]

n. 畏惧;敬畏 vt. 使敬畏,威吓

They stared at the huge tiger with awe. 他们畏惧地看着那只巨虎。

awful(adj. 令人畏惧的;威严的,令人崇敬的;极度的;极坏的);awfully(adv. 令人畏惧地;非常,了不得)

awkward [ˈɔːkwəd]

adj. 笨拙的,不熟练的;使用不便的;尴尬的;难应付的,难处理的;难看的

Switzerland was irresistible to wealthy foreigners, mainly because of its numbered accounts and bankers' reluctance to ask awkward questions of depositors. 瑞士银行对外国富人来说是很有诱惑力的,这主要是因为他们采用编码账户,而且银行不过问储蓄者任何难以回答的问题。(2000)

awkwardly(adv. 笨拙地,不熟练地)

backward [ˈbækwəd]

adj. 向后的;落后的,不发达的;迟钝的

联想记忆:back(后面的)+ward(向…)→向后的

No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. 没有任何一个人类种族会如此落后,连自己的语言都没有。(2000)

backwards [ˈbækwədz]

adv. 向后走,倒退着;(顺序)倒,逆

backwards and forwards Travelling backwards and forwards every day cost him too much money. 每天 来来回回 的旅程花费了他太多钱。

badly [ˈbædli]

adv. 恶劣地;有缺点地,拙劣地;非常

联想记忆:bad(坏的)+ly(…地)→有缺点地

Candidates who interview badly tend to be at either end of the spectrum of human behaviour. They are either very shy or over-confident. 面试结果极差的应征者的表现处于人类行为的两个极端,他们不是过于害羞就是过于自信。(2004)

bail [beɪl]

n. 保释金;保释 v. 保释某人;舀出船中的水

和jail(n. 监狱)一起记:没有保释金就别想出狱

If you can't find work, don't expect the taxpayer to bail you out. 如果你找不到工作,别指望纳税人会帮你摆脱困境。(2019)

bald [bɔːld]

adj. 秃顶的,光秃的;无装饰的,不加虚饰的

Jeff was completely bald when he was sixty years old. 杰夫在60岁的时候完全秃顶了。

bankrupt [ˈbæŋkrʌpt]

vt. 使破产 adj. 破产的

联想记忆:bank(银行)+rupt(破)→银行都破产了→破产的

go bankrupt The company went bankrupt with over ten billion dollars of debt last year. 去年,那家公司因负债超过100亿美元而 破产

bankruptcy〔n. 破产(状态)〕

baptize [bæpˈtaɪz]

v. 给…施洗礼

His father baptized him Johnny. 父亲在他洗礼时给他取了约翰尼这个名字。

baptism〔n. (基督教的)洗礼,浸礼;洗礼;考验〕

barbaric [bɑːˈbærɪk]

adj. 残暴的;像野蛮人的 n. 野蛮(状态),未开化状态

联想记忆:bar(栏)+bar(栏)+ic(…的)→用多重栏杆抵御野蛮人→野蛮的

Barbaric customs still prevail in the mountainous area. 野蛮的习俗在这片山区仍然很普遍。

barbarous(adj. 未开化的,原始的;野蛮的;残暴的);barbarian(n. 野蛮人 adj. 不文明的;野蛮的;残暴的)

bare [beə(r)]

adj. 赤裸的;无遮蔽的;空的;稀少的,仅有的;勉强的 vt. 露出,暴露

Children ran around the house in their bare feet. 孩子们光着脚在房子里跑来跑去。// I can only earn a bare subsistence wage. 我挣的工资勉强够养家糊口。

barely(adv. 仅仅,刚刚;几乎不)

bargain [ˈbɑːɡən]

v. 议价,讨价还价 n. 廉价货;合同,协议;交易

联想记忆:bar(障碍)+gain(获得)→高价是得到物品的障碍,所以要讨价还价→讨价还价

The price of public transportation in Beijing has doubled twice since 1989, but it is still a bargain. 自1989年起,北京公共交通的价格涨了一倍,但依然很便宜。(2000) // drive a bargain Duncan was not so stupid but he could drive a hard bargain. 邓肯没有那么傻,但他还可以进一步 讨价还价

barren [ˈbærən]

adj. (土地)贫瘠的;不孕的,不结果实的;无用的,无效果的;无实际内容的

联想记忆:bar(障碍)+ren→贫瘠的土地是收获的障碍→贫瘠的

Elizabeth got barren after the car accident. 那次车祸之后,伊丽莎白就失去了生育能力。

base [beɪs]

n. 基础,底层 vt. 把…设在,以…为基地 adj. 卑鄙的,下贱的

词根记忆:bas(基础)+e→基础

It was on Nov. 4, 1923, that British archaeologist Howard Carter stumbled on a stone at the base of the tomb of another pharaoh in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway. 1923年11月4日,英国考古学家霍华德·卡特在卢克索另一个法老墓的底座处被一块石头绊倒,这最终使他发现了一个密封的入口。(2012) // base sth. on/upon... The novel is based on the facts. 这是一部 事实为 素材 的小说。

base常与介词on搭配,表示“以…为基础,以…为素材”。

basic(adj. 基本的,基础的;首要的);basically(adv. 基本上,根本上,从根本上说);basics(n. 基本因素,基本原理;概要)

basis [ˈbeɪsɪs]

[pl. bases] n. 基础,根据

词根记忆:bas(基础)+is→基础

He is skeptical—he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available—and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. 他是个怀疑主义者——他不会接受证据不全面的观点——因此他拒绝将权威当成真理的唯一依据。(2010) // on the basis of How then does the employer make a choice? Usually on the basis of an interview. 雇主如何做出决定?通常都是 根据 面试。(2004)

batter [ˈbætə(r)]

v. 连续猛击;炮击;打烂;用旧

词根记忆:bat(打)+ter→连续猛击

The city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. 这个城市孕育了一种孤独感,而持续不断的噪音也震撼着人们的感官。(2001)

bear [beə(r)]

v. 承担,负荷;承受,忍受;结(果实),生育 n. 熊;粗鲁的人,笨拙的人

I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best I could. 在那些食物面前,我无论如何也集中不了精力,可是没人请我品尝,我也只好尽力忍着。(2016) // bear in mind We should always bear in mind that hasty decisions often result in serious consequences. 我们应该时刻 铭记 :仓促的决定往往导致严重的后果。

beat [biːt]

v. 打,敲;打败,取胜;(心)跳动 n. 敲击;跳动;节拍;(警察、哨兵的)巡逻路线

Philip's heart beat so that he could hardly breathe, and he was more frightened than he had ever been in his life. 菲利普的心怦怦乱跳,感觉要喘不过气来了。他自出生以来,还从未受到过这么大的惊吓。(2014) // beat about the bush I meant to be open with him but when it came to it I beat about the bush. 我本打算和他开门见山的,但谈起来以后我又开始 绕弯子 了。

与beat相关的词组还有beat up sb. (痛打某人)和beat time(打拍子)。

beg [beɡ]

v. 请求,恳求;乞讨,乞求

Action must be taken to protect children being used to beg in Belfast, the Children's Commissioner says. 儿童事务专员表示,必须采取行动保护贝尔法斯特的儿童,以防他们成为行乞的工具。

“I beg your pardon.” 常在口语中用到,是“对不起,请原谅;请再说一遍”的意思。

beggar(n. 乞丐,穷人)

behalf

[bɪˈhɑːf] n.

[用于惯用语] 代表;利益

联想记忆:be(使)+half(一半)→使两半→一变二当然生利→利益

on one's behalf As the director can't come to the reception, I'm representing the company on his behalf. 由于主管不能出席接待会,我将以他的名义 代表 公司。(2000) // on behalf of On behalf of the Students' Union of the English Department, I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history. 我 代表 英语系学生会写信邀请您做一次中国历史方面的讲座。

behalf几乎不会单独使用,一般都是组成词组on one's behalf或者on behalf of,表示“为了…(的利益);代表…,替代…”。

behave [bɪˈheɪv]

v. 举动,表现;检点(自己的行为)

联想记忆:be+have(有)→所拥有的动作→举动,表现

Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. 大多数时尚杂志或电视广告都试图让我们相信,我们有某种特定的穿着和举止风范。(2002) // behave yourself If you don't promise to behave yourself then I must ask you to leave. 如果你不答应 检点自己的行为 ,我就必须让你离开。

behavio(u)r(n. 举止,行为)

behave, conduct

这两个词都指行为举止,后面常常跟反身代词。behave通常指行为举止恰当,有规矩,有礼貌;conduct指处于特定场合下的行为,如:The boy conducted well at the party.

believe [bɪˈliːv]

v. 相信;认为;信任,信赖

歌曲I Believe

If you believe that your dreams are important, then analyzing them may help you to focus on the problem and help you to find the solution. 如果你认为你的梦很重要,那么对它们进行分析会帮助你关注这个问题并找到解决方法。(2013)

belief(n. 信仰;信条;相信;信念);make-believe(n. 假装)

bellow [ˈbeləʊ]

v. 吼叫,怒叫;大声发出 n. 吼叫(声)

If I were hours late for dinner, my father would bellow. 如果我吃饭时迟到几个小时,父亲会气得大声嚷嚷。

belong [bɪˈlɒŋ]

vi. 属于;适合放在(某处)

belong to The deepest of Paul's love belonged to his mother. 保罗内心最深处的爱 属于 他的母亲。(2017)

belongings(n. 财产,所有物)

beloved [bɪˈlʌvɪd]

adj. 为…所爱的;深爱的,敬爱的 n. 心爱的人

来自love(v. 爱)

He grieved for his beloved Sophia. 他替自己心爱的索菲娅难过。

benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt]

n. 利益,好处;恩惠;津贴,救济金;保险赔偿费 v. 有益于

词根记忆:bene(善,好)+fit(做)→做好事→恩惠

McDonald's could see a benefit if our production went up and prices went down, and no benefit if we went out of business. 如果我们增加产量并降低价格,麦当劳将有利可图;如果我们倒闭了,麦当劳也得不到好处。(2011)

beneficial(adj. 有益的,有好处的)

besiege [bɪˈsiːdʒ]

vt. 围攻,包围

联想记忆:be(使)+siege(围攻)→围攻

The general commanded his soldiers to besiege the fortress. 将军命令士兵包围要塞。

bestow [bɪˈstəʊ]

vt. 把…赠与,把…给予

All my confidence is bestowed on him. 我对他充满信心。

bestow是正式用语。

betray [bɪˈtreɪ]

vt. 背叛,出卖;辜负,不忠于;泄露(秘密等)

That was not the first time he had betrayed us. I think it's high time we took strong actions against him. 那已经不是他第一次背叛我们了,我认为是时候狠狠惩罚他一下了。(2005)

betray oneself的意思是“露出本来面目;原形毕露”。

beware [bɪˈweə(r)]

v. 注意,小心,提防

词根记忆:be(使)+war(意识到的)+e→注意

Darling, beware of those paintings. 亲爱的,当心那些油画。

beware 后面通常接of, 表示“留心,注意,提防”。

beware, heed, take care

beware指小心提防,一般只用在祈使句中;heed指听取别人的忠告或警告,如:He didn't heed my warning.;take care的意思是“当心,注意”,如:You should take care when crossing the road.

bewilder [bɪˈwɪldə(r)]

vt. 迷惑;把…弄糊涂

联想记忆:be(使)+wild(荒野的)+er→因找不到路而迷失荒野→迷惑

I was a little bewildered by the sudden news. 这个突然的消息让我感到有点迷惑。

bewilder, puzzle

bewilder是指脑子有些糊涂,所以迷惑;puzzle是指被难住,很迷惑,注意二者的区别。

bias [ˈbaɪəs]

n. 偏见,倾向性 vt. 抱有偏见,具有倾向性

联想记忆:bi(二)+as→二者只取其一→偏见

I'm sure our audience will object to your gender bias. 我确信我们的观众会反对你的性别歧视。

bias通常情况下指一种倾向和偏好,而prejudice则侧重指不好的偏见,尤指成见。

bid [bɪd]

v. 命令,吩咐;(拍卖时)喊(价);企图,努力 n. 出价投标;企图,努力

The multinational corporation was making a take-over bid for a property company. 该跨国公司竞标收购一家房地产公司。(2002)

bilateral [ˌbaɪˈlætərəl]

adj. 双边的,双方的

词根记忆:bi(双)+later(边)+al(…的)→双边的

They planned the bilateral talks. 他们计划展开双边会晤。

bind [baɪnd]

v. 捆,缚,绑;包扎;装订;使受(法律、誓言等)约束

A sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. 社区归属感通常能够让小村庄里的居民紧密团结在一起。(2001)

binder(n. 装订者;装订机;活页封面);binding(n. 书籍的封皮)

bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)]

adj. 有苦味的;辛酸的,痛苦的;厉害的,剧烈的;严寒的;怀恨的,抱怨的

The medicine is so bitter that I cannot bear it. 这药太苦了,我简直无法忍受。

bitterly(adv. 带有苦味地;悲痛地;厉害地)

blame [bleɪm]

vt. 责备,找…的差错;把…归咎于,推诿 n. 责备,责怪;责任

be to blame It wasn't my character, but circumstances which were to blame. 并非我性格的原因,而 环境 造成的 。(2006) // No one is to blame for this incident. 这次事故不能 怪罪 任何人。

表示“某人应受责备”时要用sb. be to blame,不用被动语态。

bland [blænd]

adj. (指食物)无刺激性的,清淡的;平和的;无动于衷的

Michael was listening to a bland doctor. 迈克尔正在听一位态度平和的医生讲话。

blank [blæŋk]

adj. 空白的;空虚的;茫然的;没有表情的;无韵脚的 n. 空白,空格,空页

Harry found a diary with many blank pages. 哈里发现一本有很多空白页的日记本。

blast [blɑːst]

n. 一阵(风);喇叭声,号角声 v. 爆炸;摧毁

联想记忆:b+last(最后)→最后一声→爆炸

The blast blew so strong that I could not stand. 风吹得如此猛烈,我都站不住了。// blast off The country blasted off another man-made satellite successfully. 这个国家又成功 发射 了一颗人造卫星。

blast off 表示“发射”,一般指火箭、飞船等。blast主要指对某物有害的、破坏性的或毁坏性的作用。

Ordinary people merely think how they shall spend their time; a man of talent tries to use it.

普通人只想到如何花费时间,有才能的人设法利用时间。

——德国哲学家 叔本华(Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher) PDaaCEAfUD/DGMYtNln5OkSTjxouhZn69+cKdfnVoCof6MaCSAM64OA7GDPW4qh9

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