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Word List 05

音频

背词小程序

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assignment [əˈsaɪnmənt]

n. ① 分配,委派;任务

The employee has succeeded in a difficult assignment overseas. 这名雇员成功地完成了一项艰巨的海外任务。

② (课外)作业

The assignment is too difficult for the students to complete on time. 这次作业太难了,学生们无法按时完成。

相关词汇

tutor 导师

degree 学位

lecture 讲座

thesis 论文

scholarship 奖学金

ranking 排名

credit 学分

graduate 毕业生

score 分数

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confuse [kənˈfjuːz]

词根记忆:con(一起)+fus(倾倒)+e→倒在一起→混合→混淆

vt. ① 使混乱,混淆

Don’t confuse Sweden with Switzerland. 不要把瑞典和瑞士弄混淆了。

② 使迷惑,使糊涂

I got confused by so many questions they asked. 我被他们提出的这么多问题给弄糊涂了。

confused(a. 困惑的,不了解的)

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acid [ˈæsɪd]

本身为词根:酸的

n. 酸

sulfuric acid 硫酸

a. 酸的;尖酸的

an acid tone of voice 尖酸的语调

比较:acrid(a. 辛辣的);arid(a. 干旱的);avid(a. 渴望的);avoid(vt. 避免)

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holy [ˈhəʊli]

a. 神圣的,圣洁的

Jerusalem is a holy city for Jews, Christians and Muslims. 耶路撒冷是犹太教徒、基督教徒和穆斯林的圣城。

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alliance [əˈlaɪəns]

n. ① 结盟,联盟

The two parties were still too much apart to form an alliance. 这两个党派分歧太大,无法形成联盟。

in alliance with 与…联盟 The firm is in alliance with a university lab to explore proteins. 该公司和一个大学实验室联手研究蛋白质。

② 联姻

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lag [læg]

vi. 落后于,滞后于

lag behind 落后,滞后 Brown lagged far behind in his studies because of his long illness. 由于长期生病,布朗的功课落下了好多。

n. 落后,滞后

jet lag 时差反应 // Mark wondered at how great a lag there was between his thinking and his actions. 马克惊讶于自己在思想和行动上竟有如此大的差距。

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criterion [kraɪˈtɪəriən]

词根记忆:crit(判断)+erion→判断需要标准→标准,准则

n. ([pl.] criteria)(评判的)标准,准则

Actions, not words, are the true criterion of the attachment of friends. 评判朋友是否忠诚的真正标准是行动,而不是话语。

standard(n. 标准,规格)

外来名词的复数形式

-us→-i: alumnus→alumni 校友

-a→-ae: alumna→alumnae 女校友

-um→-a: stratum→strata 地层

-is→-es: analysis→analyses 分析

-on→-a: criterion→criteria 标准

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refund [rɪˈfʌnd] [ˈriːfʌnd]

词根记忆:re(反)+fund(倾倒)→往回倾倒→退还,偿还

vt. 退还,偿还;退款

The shop refunded my money for their expired foods. 商店退还了我过期食物的钱。

refund a ticket 退票

n. 退款;偿还额

Shops often allow customers to return the item for a full refund in a week. 商店通常允许顾客在一星期内退还商品并得到全额退款。

reimburse(v. 补偿;偿还);repay(v. 归还款项,偿还)

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guilty [ˈgɪlti]

a. (of)有罪的;内疚的

The minister was found guilty of bribery. 部长被发现犯有受贿罪。

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comparison [kəmˈpærɪsn]

来自compare(vt. 比较)

n. 比较,对比;比喻,比拟

in comparison with 和…比起来

fair comparison 公平比较 // by comparison 比较起来 This blouse looks more elegant by comparison. 相比较而言,这件上衣看起来更讲究一些。

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profitable [ˈprɒfɪtəbl]

a. 有利可图的;有益的

The ABC company turned out to be a profitable joint venture. 结果证明ABC公司是一家赢利的合资企业。

profitability(n. 收益性,利益率)

beneficial(a. 有益的,有利的);lucrative(a. 赚钱的;有利可图的)

unprofitable(a. 无利益的,不赚钱的);worthless(a. 无价值的;无益的)

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permanent [ˈpɜːmənənt]

词根记忆:per(贯穿,始终)+man(保留)+ent(具有…性质的)→始终保留的→永久的

a. 永久的,持久的

I’m hoping to get a permanent job here. 我希望在这里得到一份长期的工作。

permanently(ad. 永存地,不变地)

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sphere [sfɪə]

本身为词根:球

n. ①球;球体

② 范围;领域

While still catching up to men in some sphere of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 尽管在现代生活的一些领域女性还在尽力追赶男性,但是她们似乎至少已经在一个不怎么令人向往的领域遥遥领先了。

同根词:atmosphere(n. 空气;气氛);hemisphere(n. 半球)

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bearing [ˈbeərɪŋ]

n. ① 方向,方位

If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be surprised how quickly spotting a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. 如果你以前探索过这一区域,请留意熟悉的景象——你可能会感到惊讶,认出一块独特的岩石或一棵特别的树竟能如此迅速地让人重获方向。

lose one’s bearings 迷失方向;不知所措

② 关系,影响

③ 姿态,举止

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concurrent [kənˈkʌrənt]

词根记忆:con(共同)+current(现在的,当前的)→同时发生的

a. 并存的;同时发生的

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carve [kɑːv]

联想记忆:雕刻(carve)出完美的曲线(curve)

v. ① (雕)刻

Tom carved the figure of Venus from a piece of wood. 汤姆用一块木头雕刻出了维纳斯像。

② 把…切成块

The new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states. 新大陆被分成13个州,包括三个实行奴隶制的州。

③ 铺(路),修(路)

Even in dense forest, you should be able to spot gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve through the woods. 即使是在茂密的森林里,你也应该可以发现树列间的缝隙,这些缝隙是由公路、火车轨道和人们在树林中开辟的其他道路所留下的。

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trivial [ˈtrɪviəl]

a. 琐碎的;无足轻重的

trivial matters 琐事

triviality(n. 琐事)

trifling(a. 不重要的);petty(a. 琐碎的,不重要的)

important (a. 重要的,重大的);main(a. 主要的,重要的)

trifle(n. 少量;琐事)

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lyric [ˈlɪrɪk]

n. ① 抒情诗

If you are looking for some excellent lyrics , I recommend Keats’s and Shelly’s. 如果你想读一些优美的抒情诗,那么我推荐你看济慈和雪莱的。

② 歌词

He sang not well but the lyrics he wrote were in a unique style. 他唱得不是很好,但是他写的歌词却独具风格。

a. 抒情的

The lyric music in this cafe reduced him to tears. 这间咖啡馆的抒情乐让他不禁潸然泪下。

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crush [krʌʃ]

联想记忆:碰撞(crash)后被碾碎(crush)

vt. ① 压碎;压坏

Unfortunately some of the bananas got crushed when we were moving them. 不幸的是,一些香蕉在搬运的过程中被压坏了。

② 镇压,(用暴力)制服

The rebellion has been crushed. 那场叛乱已经被镇压了。

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scattered [ˈskætəd]

a. 离散的,分散的

The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. 奖项赞助者们的目的如同(外界对他们的)指责一样分散。

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tenant [ˈtenənt]

联想记忆:ten+ant(蚂蚁)→十只蚂蚁来住店,再小也是房客→房客

n. 承租人;房客;佃户

This apartment building has fifty tenants. 这幢公寓大楼有50位房客。

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deficiency [dɪˈfɪʃnsi]

词根记忆:de(变坏)+fic(做)+iency→把东西做坏了→缺陷

n. ① 缺乏,不足

deficiency disease 营养缺乏症 Human beings need thirteen or more kinds of vitamins, and if any is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent. 人类至少需要13种维生素,缺少其中任何一种,都会明显地表现出营养缺乏的症状。

② 缺陷,缺点

The train accident was caused by deficiencies in the operating system. 火车事故是由于操作系统的缺陷导致的。

inadequacy(n. 不充分,不足)

sufficiency(n. 充足)

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appetite [ˈæpɪtaɪt]

词根记忆:ap(表加强)+pet(追求)+ite→追求食物→食欲,胃口

n. ① 食欲,胃口

have a good/poor appetite 胃口好(不好) // My son’s appetite was ruined by too much candy. 我儿子吃了太多的糖,食欲都被破坏了。

② 欲望;爱好;要求

The students in this class have a great appetite for knowledge. 这个班的学生有很强的求知欲。

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courtyard [ˈkɔːtjɑːd]

组合词:court(庭院)+yard(院子)→院子

n. 庭院,院子

The antiquated bronze statue stood in the middle of courtyard. 古老的铜像矗立在院子的正中央。

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breed [briːd]

vi. 繁殖,生殖

Some animals only breed at certain times of a year. 有些动物只在一年中特定的时间繁殖。

vt. ① 造成,引起

War breeds misery and trauma to the people. 战争给人民带来痛苦和心灵创伤。

② 以…方式教育;使养成

Spoiling the child may breed his selfish character. 溺爱会让孩子形成自私的性格。

③ 饲养

The local farmers mainly breed horses. 当地的农民主要养马。

n. 品种,种类

Anne only likes certain breeds of dogs. 安妮只喜欢某些品种的狗。

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infrared [ˌɪnfrəˈred]

词根记忆:infra(在…下)+red(红色)→红外线

a. 红外线的

The detective attached the infrared video camera on the ceiling of the hall. 侦探把红外线摄影机安装在大厅的天花板上。

n. 红外线

The police scanned the forest with the infrared for the suspect. 警察用红外线在森林里搜寻那名嫌疑犯。

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coherent [ˌkəʊˈhɪərənt]

词根记忆:co(共同)+her(黏附)+ ent(…的)→黏附的

a. ① 黏着的,黏附的

The boss said that the material must be moderately coherent. 老板说材料必须有适度的黏附力。

② 条理清楚的,连贯的

a coherent explanation 条理清楚的阐述

cohesive(a. 黏着的)

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assistance [əˈsɪstəns]

n. 帮助,援助

The government is responsible for providing assistance to indigent people. 政府有责任给穷人提供帮助。

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curse [kɜːs]

n./v. 诅咒,咒骂

It is better to light one candle than curse the darkness. 与其咒骂黑暗,不如点燃一根蜡烛。

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violate [ˈvaɪəleɪt]

发音记忆:发音像“why late”→违反制度迟到了→违反,违背

vt. ① 违反,违背

Such import restrictions would violate world trade rules. 这种进口限制将违反世界贸易规则。

② 侵犯,打扰

There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 有人担心政府、企业以及营销商也许能够访问这些数据,因此会侵犯我们的隐私。

violation(n. 违反,违背)

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zigzag [ˈzɪgzæg]

联想记忆:zig+zag(急转)→两个“Z”像中文的“之”字,两个“Z”字急转→之字形

n. 之字形

a. 之字形的

a zigzag road 之字形道路 // a zigzag line 曲折线 // Logan led her down the zigzag corridor to a chamber. 洛根领着她沿着之字形的长廊走到一个房间。

v. (使)成之字形,曲折盘旋

A glittering stream zigzags through the woods. 一条波光粼粼的小溪弯弯曲曲地流过这片森林。

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instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt]

vt. ① 教,教授

The fire fighter instructed the class how to survive a fire. 消防队员教同学们怎样在火灾中逃生。

② 命令,指示

Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.” 光辉国际的大股东丹尼斯·凯里说:“我想不起我所做过的哪一次招聘,董事会没有要求我首先注意那些在职的首席执行官的。”

instructive(a. 有教育意义的);instructor(n. 教师);instruction(n. 教育;指导)

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rarely [ˈreəli]

ad. 很少,难得;稀有地

Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. 现代雕刻已经很少再让我们吃惊了。

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evolution [ˌevəˈluːʃn]

来自evolve〔v. (使)进化〕

n. 进化,渐进,演化

the theory of evolution 进化论 // Scientists believe that human evolution has largely been affected by climatic changes. 科学家们认为人类的进化在很大程度上受到了气候变化的影响。

evolutionary(a. 进化的;进化论的);evolutionist(n. 进化论者)

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plantation [plɑːnˈteɪʃn]

来自plant(v. 种植)

n. 种植园

The planter had eighty plantations in this country. 这个种植园主在这个国家拥有80个种植园。

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landlady [ˈlændleɪdi]

n. 女房东;女地主

This landlady also runs a coffee shop in the center of the town. 这个女房东还在镇中心经营着一家咖啡店。

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engagement [ɪnˈgeɪdʒmənt]

n. ① 约会,约定

make an engagement 约会 // If Tom had had no other engagement , he would have taken part in the party. 要不是有其他的约会,汤姆就来参加这次晚会了。

② 婚约;订婚

Mary called on her friend and announced her engagement. 玛丽拜访了自己的朋友并宣布了自己订婚的消息。

③ 密切联系;了解

But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. 但是它们表明理解不仅仅是被动地领会,还包括主动推理和解决问题。

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strengthen [ˈstreŋθn]

词根记忆:strength(力量)+en(使…)→(使)有力量→加强,巩固

v. 加强,巩固

The conference will strengthen linkages between the two countries. 这次会议将加强两国之间的联系。

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embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs]

词根记忆:em(进入)+brac(双臂)+e→进入双臂里→拥抱

vt. ① 拥抱

Sally embraced her mother before getting on the train. 萨莉在上火车前拥抱了她的母亲。

② 包含

The term “mankind” embraces men, women and children. “人类”包含男人、女人和儿童。

③ 欣然接受

Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time. 他们的作品——《奥拉夫街上的书房》,展示的是一块被废弃的正方形场地,场地上散落着一些砖,它是这里为数不多的接受单调乏味的几个作品之一,这正是大多数时间我们对此景观的感受。

embraced the two-step flow 接受这种两级流动

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parliament [ˈpɑːləmənt]

n. 国会;议会

This time the parliament passed all of the pending legislation. 这次国会通过了所有待定法规。

parliamentary(a. 国会的;议会的)

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pose [pəʊz]

词根记忆:pos(放)+e→放出观点→提出,陈述

vt. 造成(困难等);提出(问题等),陈述(观点等)

You have only two minutes to pose your idea in the meeting. 你在会上只有两分钟的时间来陈述自己的观点。

vi. ① 摆姿势

The model posed for the photographer. 模特儿摆好了姿势让摄影师照相。

② 假装,冒充

The two robbers entered a hardware store posing as customers. 两名强盗冒充顾客进入一家五金店。

compose(v. 组成;写作);dispose(v. 处理,处置);expose(vt. 使暴露);impose(vt. 征税;强加);oppose(v. 反对);purpose(vt. 打算);suppose(vt. 推想,假设)

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sibling [ˈsɪblɪŋ]

词根记忆:sib(同胞家族成员)+ling(表名词,人)→兄,弟,姐,妹

n. 兄,弟,姐,妹

sibling rivalry 兄弟姐妹间的竞争

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enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk]

a. 热情的,热心的

Bob was the least enthusiastic about going abroad to study. 鲍勃对出国留学毫无热情。

enthusiastically(ad. 热心地;狂热地)

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merely [ˈmɪəli]

ad. 仅仅,只不过

Thomas argued that he was merely taking a nap. 托马斯争辩说自己只是打了个盹而已。

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mortgage [ˈmɔːgɪdʒ]

词根记忆:mort(死)+gage(抵押品)→用抵押品消灭死账→抵押

n. 抵押(借款)

The banker wrote a mortgage of $2,000 for Tony’s house. 银行家为托尼的房子出具了一份两千美元的抵押证书。

vt. 抵押(借款)

Now my houses and lands are all mortgaged. 现在我的房子和地产都抵押出去了。

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notorious [nəʊˈtɔːriəs]

词根记忆:not(知道)+or(说;口)+ious(…的)→众口一致,无人不知→众所周知的

a. 臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的;众所周知的

The bar has become notorious as a meeting place for drug dealers. 这间酒吧作为毒品贩子接头的场所,已变得声名狼藉。

infamous(a. 声名狼藉的,臭名昭著的);disreputable(a. 声名狼藉的)

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disturb [dɪˈstɜːb]

词根记忆:dis(分散)+turb(搅动) →搅乱了→扰乱,妨碍

vt. ① 扰乱,妨碍

Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places. 鹌鹑一般都长有短而圆的翅膀,凭此它们可以在受惊时一跃而起,飞离它们的藏身之处。

② 使不安;使烦恼

Tom was disturbed to hear of his mother’s illness. 听说母亲生病了,汤姆感到很不安。

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parasite [ˈpærəsaɪt]

词根记忆:para(在旁边)+sit(食物)+e→总是在食物旁边→寄生虫

n. 寄生虫

This creature is a parasite that infects the brain. 这种生物是一种能使脑部受到感染的寄生虫。

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confidential [ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃl]

来自confident(a. 自信的;确信的)

a. ① 秘密的,机密的

a confidential report/document 秘密报告(文件) // confidential information 机密情报

② 亲信的

Monica read the letter to all her confidential friends. 莫妮卡将这封信读给了所有的好朋友听。

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dramatic [drəˈmætɪk]

a. ① 戏剧的;戏剧性的

a local dramatic society 地方戏剧协会

② 巨大的;突然的

The earth’s climate may go through dramatic changes in the future. 将来,全球气候可能会发生巨大的变化。

dramatically(ad. 戏剧性地;显著地)

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chip [tʃɪp]

n. ① 碎片

There was a broken glass on the floor with some chips nearby. 地上有一个破碎的玻璃杯,旁边是一些碎片。

② (土豆等的)薄片

Lily carried the fish and chips for her lunch. 莉莉带了鱼和薯条当午饭。

③ 芯片

There’s a computer chip inside an IC. IC卡里有一个电脑芯片。

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vertical [ˈvɜːtɪkl]

联想记忆:电影《垂直极限》的英文名是Vertical Limit

a. 垂直的,竖的

a vertical line 垂直线 // vertical motion 竖直运动

n. 垂线

vertically(ad. 垂直地)

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marine [məˈriːn]

词根记忆:mari(海)+ne→海的,海生的

a. ① 海的,海生的

The sea otter is well adapted at its marine existence. 海獭能很好地适应海洋的生存环境。

② 船舶的;航海的

The government regulates marine navigation. 船舶的航行由政府调控。

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impetus [ˈɪmpɪtəs]

词根记忆:im+pet(追求)+us→有追求才有动力→推动(力),促进

n. 推动(力),促进

The treaty will give an impetus to the trade between the two countries. 该条约将促进两国间的贸易发展。

stimulus〔n. 促进(因素);刺激(物)〕;spur〔n. 刺激(物);激励〕

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perform [pəˈfɔːm]

词根记忆:per(全部)+form(形式)→表演是各种形式的综合→表演

v. ① 履行,执行;做

There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 已经有机器人系统可以进行某些脑部或骨头的外科手术,并能精确到亚毫米,这远比技术精湛的外科医生仅仅用手做到的更为精确。

② 表演,演出

The children performed a three-act play. 孩子们表演了一出三幕剧。

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punctual [ˈpʌŋktʃuəl]

词根记忆:punct(点)+ual(…的)→卡在点上→严守时刻的,准时的

a. 严守时刻的,准时的,正点的

Those who are always punctual for an interview leave good impressions to the interviewers. 通常准时参加面试的人会给面试官留下好印象。

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boycott [ˈbɔɪkɒt]

联想记忆:boy+cott(音似cut,剃)→男孩剃光了头以示抗议→抵制

n./vt. (联合)抵制;拒绝参与

If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. 如果上述情形发生的话,情绪激动的消费者会设法劝说其他消费者联合抵制这些企业的产品,从而危及企业的声誉。 // The secretary boycotted the meeting. 那位秘书拒绝出席这次会议。

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license/licence [ˈlaɪsns]

词根记忆:lic(允许)+ense→许可证

n. 许可证,执照

drive license 驾驶执照 My drive license has been revoked again for speeding. 我因为超速驾驶再次被吊销了驾照。

vt. 准许,认可

The Turner’s is the only shop that is licensed to sell tobacco in this town. 特纳商店是这个小镇上唯一被准许经营烟草的商店。

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alphabet [ˈælfəbet]

n. 字母表

alphabetical(a. 依字母顺序的);alphabetically(ad. 依字母顺序地)

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litter [ˈlɪtə]

联想记忆:小(little)东西也不能随地乱扔(litter)

n. ① 垃圾

The pavement is invariably covered with many kinds of litter. 人行道上总是扔满了各种各样的垃圾。

② 一窝(动物)

The mother dog gave birth to a litter of five puppies. 狗妈妈一次产下了五只小狗。

vt. 乱扔

The picnickers littered the beach with food wrappers. 那些野餐者乱扔食品包装纸,使得海滩上脏乱不堪。

v. 产(仔)

The sow littered eight piglets. 那头母猪产下了八只小猪。

trash(n. 垃圾,废物);rubbish(n. 垃圾,废物)

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overcome [ˌəʊvəˈkʌm]

来自词组come over (战胜;支配)

vt. 战胜,克服

You must overcome your limitations if you’re going to succeed. 要想成功就必须超越自身的局限。

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sponge [spʌndʒ]

n. 海绵

Mary soaked up the spilled water with a sponge. 玛丽用海绵吸干了溢出的水。

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slight [slaɪt]

联想记忆:s+light(轻的)→轻微的

a. ① 轻微的,微小的

(not) in the slightest 一点儿也(不) // I don’t have the slightest doubt of what the teacher said. 我对老师说的任何话都深信不疑。

② 纤细的,瘦弱的

John helped the slight old man walk up the stairs. 约翰扶着那个瘦弱的老人上楼梯。

slightly(ad. 轻微地,微小地)

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bypass [ˈbaɪpɑːs]

来自词组pass by(经过)

n. ① 旁路,迂回的旁道

② 搭桥术;旁通管

bypass operation (心血管)搭桥手术

vt. 绕过,避开

Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 而我们有意铭刻在脑中的新习惯会绕过那些旧路,建立起与之平行的路径。

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checkup [ˈtʃekʌp]

来自词组check up(仔细检查)

n. 体检;审查

The doctor asked Kate to bring her kid here for a checkup. 医生让凯特带她的小孩来体检。

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cumulative [ˈkjuːmjələtɪv]

词根记忆:cumul(堆积)+ative(…的)→积累的,渐增的

a. (在力量或重要性方面)积累的,渐增的;累计的,累积的

the cumulative effect of human activity on the world environment 人类活动对世界生态环境日积月累的影响

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deplete [dɪˈpliːt]

词根记忆:de(离开)+plet(满)+e→因不满而纷纷离开→大量减少

vt. 大量减少;使枯竭;耗尽

depletion(n. 消耗;用尽)

A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.

只要一个人还有所追求,他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想,一个人才算老。

——美国演员 巴里穆尔(J. Barrymore, American actor) kQJq8kTr29o73fn7fayYIkDf0K3t6xiNgJBI3FB62yo84riiY35FwufYtBBJCy/D

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