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Part B
妙思仁心考点详解

Section 1:名词性从句的种类

问: 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句为什么叫名词性从句呢?

答: 我们都知道,一个单独的名词可以在句子中做主语、表语、宾语和同位语,当我们用句子来充当这四大成分时,它们就分别叫主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。而这四种从句在整个句子里相当于名词的作用,所以我们把它们又统称为名词性从句。

高考原句成分分析

1. 我们所要做的是重建这座桥。

What we'll do is to rebuild the bridge . [江西卷]

主语 系动词 表语

(主语是个句子,所以叫主语从句)

2. 办公室没有人知道她为什么如此愤怒。

No one in the office (主语) knew (谓语) why she was so angry (宾语). [湖南卷]

(宾语是个句子,所以叫宾语从句)

3. 这家医院是我出生的地方。

This hospital (主语) is (系动词) where I was born (表语). [四川卷]

(表语是个句子,所以叫表语从句)

4. 房价将要下跌的消息使得许多人以低价出售他们的房子。

The news that the housing price will fall (主语) has caused (谓语) many people (宾语) to sell their houses at lower prices (宾语补足语). [湖北卷]

其中,主语里面有个同位语从句,具体句子成分为

The news (中心词) that the housing price will fall (同位语从句)

(同位语是个句子,所以叫同位语从句)

温馨提示: 同位语从句对前面的名词起解释作用。如上句,消息就是房价将要下降,房价将要下降就是那个消息的内容。

Section 2:名词性从句的语序与引导词用法

高考考点一: 名词性从句的语序

名词性从句的语序原则: 名词性从句的语序通常为陈述语序。

以上海卷真题为例:

您能告诉我怎么到机场吗?

Would you please tell me how I can get to the airport?(√)

Would you please tell me how can I get to the airport?(×)

温馨提示: 通常what's the matter, what's wrong, what's happened做名词性从句时,语序不需要变成陈述语序!

如:I want to know what's happened. 我想知道发生了什么事。

高考考点二: 名词性从句的引导词

问: 名词性从句主要有哪些引导词?

答: 名词性从句主要有3大类引导词,具体如下:

高考考点三: whether与if的特殊用法

whether与if在名词性从句中都表示“是否”的意思。但以下5种情况一般不用if :

1. if通常不引导表语从句和同位语从句

例:问题是是否值得去尝试。

The question is whether it is worth trying. (√)

The question is if it is worth trying. (×)

例:关于他是否加入队伍的问题还没有决定。

The question whether he should join the team has not been decided. (√)

The question if he should join the team has not been decided. (×)

2. if引导主语从句不位于句首

例:我们是否去野营取决于天气的好坏。

Whether we'll go camping depends on the weather. [全国卷] (√)

If we'll go camping depends on the weather. (×)

3. 介词+宾语从句,此时引导词不用if

例:那取决于我们是否能得到足够的钱。

That depends on whether we can get enough money. (√)

That depends on if we can get enough money. (×)

4. whether to do说法正确,但if to do说法错误

例:他不知道是现在就结婚还是等等再说。

He doesn't know whether to get married now or to wait. (√)

He doesn't know if to get married now or to wait. (×)

5. whether... or not, whether or not...都正确,但if or not...是错误的,不过if... or not 在英语国家被认为是正确的

例:我不知道他是否会来。

I don't know whether/if he will come or not. (√)

I don't know whether or not he will come. (√)

但:I don't know if or not he will come. (×)

总结: 在名词性从句中,表“是否”时,多用whether,少用if。

高考考点四: what的特殊用法

问: what除了表“什么”之外,还有什么含义?

答: what除了表“什么”之外,还可以表“……的”,相当于the thing that...或all that...,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分。

高考原句填空

一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。[北京卷]

______ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.

温馨讲解: 【答案】 What

第一步识别考点:由句首填空和regard后缺宾语可初步判断该句考查名词性从句。

第二步运用技巧:该题空格前没有先行词,故该句不可能是定语从句。前面的句子成分不完整,仔细分析后发现该名词性从句缺宾语,且前面的句子在整句中做主语,即为主语从句。

第三步解出答案:再根据句意可知填入what,表“……的”。

高考考点五: wh-ever和however的用法

问: wh-ever和no matter wh-有什么区别?

答: wh-ever可以引导两类从句:名词性从句和让步状语从句,其中在引导让步状语从句时,可以转换成no matter wh-,而no matter wh-不引导名词性从句,只引导状语从句。however一般只引导让步状语从句。

高考经典真题

Could I speak to ______ is in charge of International Sales, please? [山东卷]

A. anyone

B. someone

C. whoever

D. no matter who

王牌技巧之三步解题法

第一步识别考点:由选项为引导词、代词以及题干中有多个动词识别该题考点为名词性从句。

第二步技巧运用:解答名词性从句之 王牌技巧就是分析从句是否缺成分 ,该从句中is前缺主语,那么能不能选A、B?我们进一步分析发现,如果选A或B,该句就会缺引导词。所以排除A、B。在C和D中,no matter who只能引导让步状语从句,做状语。而该句是做介词to的宾语,为宾语从句,所以排除D。

第三步解出答案:由以上分析可知答案为C。

温馨提示: 注意whoever引导的整个名词性从句whoever is in charge of International Sales做介词to的宾语,同时whoever在名词性从句中做主语。

Section 3:名词性从句的特殊用法

高考考点六: it做形式主语和形式宾语

1. 通常当主语从句较长,而谓语较短时,我们常将主语从句后置,而用it作为形式主语,置于句首。由于比较常见,所以我们可以把它们当作句型来记忆。以下四种句型搭配较为常见:

A. It + be + 形容词 + that从句

● It is important that... 重要的是……

● It is obvious that... 很明显……

● It is necessary that... 有必要……

B. It + be + 名词 + that从句

● It is a pity that... 可惜的是……

● It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是……

● It is a fact that... 事实是……

C. It + be + -ed分词 + that从句

● It is believed that... 人们相信……

● It is known to all that... 众所周知……

● It has been decided that... 已决定……

D. It + 不及物动词 + that从句

● It happens that... 碰巧……

● It occurred to me that... 我突然想起……

● It appears that... 似乎……

温馨提示: 很多人经常把强调句和形式主语句型混淆。it做形式主语和it引导强调句的区别主要是强调句型去掉it is... that结构后还能还原成一个完整句。详解见强调句章节。

2. 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,则用it做形式宾语,将从句后置。think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等动词后常带宾语+宾语补足语。例如:

1. 他已经明确表明他不会回家的。

He (主语) has made (谓语) it (形式宾语) clear (宾语补足语) that he will not go home (宾语从句).

2. 我认为打开国门,向世界开放是有必要的。

I (主语) consider (谓语) it (形式宾语) necessary (宾语补足语) that we should open our door to the outside world (宾语从句)

高考考点七: 表语从句的其他特殊引导词

问: 表语从句除了常见的名词性从句的3类引导词外,还有哪些引导词?

答: 除了常见的名词性从句的3类引导词外,表语从句的引导词还有as if/as though,而连词as 和 because 也可以引导表语从句。

经典例句

1. 看起来天要下雨了。

It looks as if it is going to rain.

2. 事情并不总是如其表象那样。

Things are not always as they seem to be.

问: this is why和this is because有什么区别?

答: this is why是指“这是……的原因”,而this is because是指“这是因为……”。

高考原句填空

From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. [安徽卷]

温馨讲解: 【答案】 because

本题主要考查表语从句。根据句意:从太空上看,地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为其表面大概71%是被水覆盖的。所以用because。

温馨对比: 地球表面约71%是被水覆盖的,这就是地球看起来是蓝色的原因。

About seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. This's why from space, the earth looks blue.

高考考点八: 同位语从句与定语从句在that引导时的区别

问: 常接同位语从句的名词有哪些?

答: 常接同位语从句的名词如下表所示:

高考原句填空

One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. [广东卷]

温馨讲解: 【答案】 that

本题主要考查同位语从句,此处的“______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches”解释说明an idea的具体内容,且从句中不缺少成分,故为同位语从句,用that引导。

问: 同位语从句和定语从句的区别?

答: 二者主要区别在于由that引导的同位语从句是个完整句。而that引导的定语从句是个非完整句。

1. 老板同意加薪的消息是真的。

The news that our boss agreed to raise salary is true.

上句中that our boss agreed to raise salary为同位语从句,因为该that从句不缺成分,是个完整句,that是引导词,只是起到了连接作用。our boss agreed to raise salary是解释说明the news的。

温馨对比:

2. 我从电视里听到的这个消息是真的。

The news that I heard from the TV is true.

本句中I heard后面缺一个宾语,实际上是I heard the news,所以that要在从句中做宾语。故该that引导的从句为定语从句。I heard from the TV是修饰the news的。 F9zUcgaSyVRvKbjsbojErutfXy+r27ajV+mrEGjaFprR/LMjMkFc/aHHY9+L88IF

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