问: 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句为什么叫名词性从句呢?
高考原句成分分析
1. 我们所要做的是重建这座桥。
What we'll do is to rebuild the bridge . [江西卷]
主语 系动词 表语
(主语是个句子,所以叫主语从句)
2. 办公室没有人知道她为什么如此愤怒。
No one in the office (主语) knew (谓语) why she was so angry (宾语). [湖南卷]
(宾语是个句子,所以叫宾语从句)
3. 这家医院是我出生的地方。
This hospital (主语) is (系动词) where I was born (表语). [四川卷]
(表语是个句子,所以叫表语从句)
4. 房价将要下跌的消息使得许多人以低价出售他们的房子。
The news that the housing price will fall (主语) has caused (谓语) many people (宾语) to sell their houses at lower prices (宾语补足语). [湖北卷]
其中,主语里面有个同位语从句,具体句子成分为
The news (中心词) that the housing price will fall (同位语从句)
(同位语是个句子,所以叫同位语从句)
温馨提示: 同位语从句对前面的名词起解释作用。如上句,消息就是房价将要下降,房价将要下降就是那个消息的内容。
高考考点一: 名词性从句的语序
名词性从句的语序原则: 名词性从句的语序通常为陈述语序。
以上海卷真题为例:
您能告诉我怎么到机场吗?
Would you please tell me how I can get to the airport?(√)
Would you please tell me how can I get to the airport?(×)
温馨提示: 通常what's the matter, what's wrong, what's happened做名词性从句时,语序不需要变成陈述语序!
如:I want to know what's happened. 我想知道发生了什么事。
高考考点二: 名词性从句的引导词
问: 名词性从句主要有哪些引导词?
高考考点三: whether与if的特殊用法
whether与if在名词性从句中都表示“是否”的意思。但以下5种情况一般不用if :
1. if通常不引导表语从句和同位语从句
例:问题是是否值得去尝试。
The question is whether it is worth trying. (√)
The question is if it is worth trying. (×)
例:关于他是否加入队伍的问题还没有决定。
The question whether he should join the team has not been decided. (√)
The question if he should join the team has not been decided. (×)
2. if引导主语从句不位于句首
例:我们是否去野营取决于天气的好坏。
Whether we'll go camping depends on the weather. [全国卷] (√)
If we'll go camping depends on the weather. (×)
3. 介词+宾语从句,此时引导词不用if
例:那取决于我们是否能得到足够的钱。
That depends on whether we can get enough money. (√)
That depends on if we can get enough money. (×)
4. whether to do说法正确,但if to do说法错误
例:他不知道是现在就结婚还是等等再说。
He doesn't know whether to get married now or to wait. (√)
He doesn't know if to get married now or to wait. (×)
5. whether... or not, whether or not...都正确,但if or not...是错误的,不过if... or not 在英语国家被认为是正确的
例:我不知道他是否会来。
I don't know whether/if he will come or not. (√)
I don't know whether or not he will come. (√)
但:I don't know if or not he will come. (×)
总结: 在名词性从句中,表“是否”时,多用whether,少用if。
高考考点四: what的特殊用法
问: what除了表“什么”之外,还有什么含义?
高考原句填空
一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。[北京卷]
______ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
温馨讲解: 【答案】 What
第一步识别考点:由句首填空和regard后缺宾语可初步判断该句考查名词性从句。
第二步运用技巧:该题空格前没有先行词,故该句不可能是定语从句。前面的句子成分不完整,仔细分析后发现该名词性从句缺宾语,且前面的句子在整句中做主语,即为主语从句。
第三步解出答案:再根据句意可知填入what,表“……的”。
高考考点五: wh-ever和however的用法
问: wh-ever和no matter wh-有什么区别?
高考经典真题
Could I speak to ______ is in charge of International Sales, please? [山东卷]
A. anyone
B. someone
C. whoever
D. no matter who
王牌技巧之三步解题法
第一步识别考点:由选项为引导词、代词以及题干中有多个动词识别该题考点为名词性从句。
第二步技巧运用:解答名词性从句之 王牌技巧就是分析从句是否缺成分 ,该从句中is前缺主语,那么能不能选A、B?我们进一步分析发现,如果选A或B,该句就会缺引导词。所以排除A、B。在C和D中,no matter who只能引导让步状语从句,做状语。而该句是做介词to的宾语,为宾语从句,所以排除D。
第三步解出答案:由以上分析可知答案为C。
温馨提示: 注意whoever引导的整个名词性从句whoever is in charge of International Sales做介词to的宾语,同时whoever在名词性从句中做主语。
高考考点六: it做形式主语和形式宾语
1. 通常当主语从句较长,而谓语较短时,我们常将主语从句后置,而用it作为形式主语,置于句首。由于比较常见,所以我们可以把它们当作句型来记忆。以下四种句型搭配较为常见:
A. It + be + 形容词 + that从句
● It is important that... 重要的是……
● It is obvious that... 很明显……
● It is necessary that... 有必要……
B. It + be + 名词 + that从句
● It is a pity that... 可惜的是……
● It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是……
● It is a fact that... 事实是……
C. It + be + -ed分词 + that从句
● It is believed that... 人们相信……
● It is known to all that... 众所周知……
● It has been decided that... 已决定……
D. It + 不及物动词 + that从句
● It happens that... 碰巧……
● It occurred to me that... 我突然想起……
● It appears that... 似乎……
温馨提示: 很多人经常把强调句和形式主语句型混淆。it做形式主语和it引导强调句的区别主要是强调句型去掉it is... that结构后还能还原成一个完整句。详解见强调句章节。
2. 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,则用it做形式宾语,将从句后置。think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等动词后常带宾语+宾语补足语。例如:
1. 他已经明确表明他不会回家的。
He (主语) has made (谓语) it (形式宾语) clear (宾语补足语) that he will not go home (宾语从句).
2. 我认为打开国门,向世界开放是有必要的。
I (主语) consider (谓语) it (形式宾语) necessary (宾语补足语) that we should open our door to the outside world (宾语从句)
高考考点七: 表语从句的其他特殊引导词
问: 表语从句除了常见的名词性从句的3类引导词外,还有哪些引导词?
经典例句
1. 看起来天要下雨了。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
2. 事情并不总是如其表象那样。
Things are not always as they seem to be.
问: this is why和this is because有什么区别?
高考原句填空
From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. [安徽卷]
温馨讲解: 【答案】 because
本题主要考查表语从句。根据句意:从太空上看,地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为其表面大概71%是被水覆盖的。所以用because。
温馨对比: 地球表面约71%是被水覆盖的,这就是地球看起来是蓝色的原因。
About seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. This's why from space, the earth looks blue.
高考考点八: 同位语从句与定语从句在that引导时的区别
问: 常接同位语从句的名词有哪些?
高考原句填空
One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. [广东卷]
温馨讲解: 【答案】 that
本题主要考查同位语从句,此处的“______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches”解释说明an idea的具体内容,且从句中不缺少成分,故为同位语从句,用that引导。
问: 同位语从句和定语从句的区别?
1. 老板同意加薪的消息是真的。
The news that our boss agreed to raise salary is true.
上句中that our boss agreed to raise salary为同位语从句,因为该that从句不缺成分,是个完整句,that是引导词,只是起到了连接作用。our boss agreed to raise salary是解释说明the news的。
温馨对比:
2. 我从电视里听到的这个消息是真的。
The news that I heard from the TV is true.
本句中I heard后面缺一个宾语,实际上是I heard the news,所以that要在从句中做宾语。故该that引导的从句为定语从句。I heard from the TV是修饰the news的。