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Word List 02

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近义词

警觉的,谨慎的:alert, cautious, prudent

alert [əˈlɜːt]

adj.警觉的;留神的,注意的 vt.使警觉,警告;使认识到,使意识到

n.警戒(状态),戒备(状态);警报

able to think quickly;quick to notice things

联想记忆:Red Alert《红色警戒》,一款电脑游戏

Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers—and anyone who will listen.(2008.12) 顾客们很少会向零售店的经理或店主投诉,取而代之的是,他们会警告朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人——以及所有会听取警告的人。

cautious [ˈkɔːʃəs]

adj.十分小心的,谨慎的

being careful about what you say or do, especially to avoid danger or mistakes;not taking any risks

词根记忆:cau(小心)+tious(…的)→十分小心的,谨慎的

Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.(2011.6) 对于学生的住宿问题,学校在做决定时应当谨慎。

prudent [ˈpruːdnt]

adj.精明的;小心谨慎的

sensible and careful when you make judgments and decisions;avoiding unnecessary risks

同词根

词根al(ter), altern表示“其他的;改变状态”:alternative, alter, alien

alternative [ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv]

n.替换物;选择;选择的自由 adj.可替代的;两者选一的,供选择的;另类的

词根记忆:altern(其他的)+ative(…的)→其他的→替换物

Alternative forms of energy—bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few—are certainly being funded and developed.(2011.12) 对于可替代的各种形式的能源——例如生物燃料、风能和太阳能——当然都在进行投资和研发中。

alter [ˈɔːltə(r)]

vt.改变,变更,变动

本身为词根:改变状态

alien [ˈeɪliən]

n.外国人,外侨;外星人 adj.外国的,外国人的;陌生的;性质不同的;不相容的

词根记忆:al(其他的)+ien→其他地方的→外国的

相关词

与“爱好;运动”相关的词:amateur, badminton, chess, cycle, dive, golf, hobby, skate, ski, surf

amateur [ˈæmətə(r)]

n.业余爱好者;外行 adj.业余爱好的,业余(身份)的;外行的

词根记忆:amat(爱)+eur(表人)→有爱好的人→业余爱好者

badminton [ˈbædmɪntən]

n.羽毛球

chess [tʃes]

n.国际象棋

cycle [ˈsaɪkl]

n./v.(骑)自行车,(骑)摩托车;循环

the cycle of the seasons 四季的交替

dive [daɪv]

vi.跳水;潜水;俯冲

联想记忆:我第一次跳水(dive),给(give)我点儿勇气

golf [ɡɒlf]

n.高尔夫球,高尔夫球运动

To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country.(2010.12) 为此,我们遛狗,打高尔夫球,钓鱼,到花园里坐一会儿,在酒吧外面(而不是里面)喝上一杯,去野餐,在郊区居住,到海滨去,并在乡村购置周末度假屋。

hobby [ˈhɒbi]

n.业余爱好;癖好

skate [skeɪt]

vi.溜冰,滑冰

ski [skiː]

vi.滑雪 n.雪橇

surf [sɜːf]

v.冲浪

相关词

表示“在…中;在旁边”的词:amid, amongst, among, alongside, aside, between

amid [əˈmɪd]

prep.在…中间,在…之中,被…围绕

词根记忆:a(在…)+mid(中间)→在…中间

amongst [əˈmʌŋst]

prep.在…之中

来自among(prep.在…中间)

among [əˈmʌŋ]

prep.在…中间;在(三者以上)之间

alongside [əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd]

adv.在旁边,沿着边;并排地 prep.在…旁边,沿着…的边;和…在一起

合成词:along(沿着)+side(边)→沿着边

aside [əˈsaɪd]

adv.在旁边,到旁边;离开,撇开

词根记忆:a(在…)+side(旁边)→在旁边

aside from 除…以外;put...aside 将某物放在一边;将某事暂停

between [bɪˈtwiːn]

prep.在(两者)之间;在…中间

同词根

词根ce(e)d, cess表示“行走,前进”:ancestor, excess, exceedingly, proceed, procedure

ancestor [ˈænsestə(r)]

n.祖宗,祖先;原型;先驱

词根记忆:an(=ante先)+cest(=cess行走)+or(指人)→走在前面的人→祖先;先驱

I bet our ancestors returned home from hunting wild animals and gathering nuts and complained about how little time they had to paint battle scenes on their cave walls.(2008.6) 我猜,当我们的祖先打猎野生动物和采集野果归来时,他们也会抱怨自己几乎没有时间在石洞的墙上刻画战斗场面。

excess

[ɪkˈses] n.超越;过量,过度

[ˈekses] adj.过量的,额外的

词根记忆:ex(出)+cess(行走)→走出界限→过量,过度

in excess of 超过;to excess 过度,过分;过量

excessive(adj.过多的)

exceedingly [ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli]

adv .极端地,非常

词根记忆:ex(出)+ceed(行走)+ing+ly(…地)→走出正常范围地→极端地,非常

proceed [prəˈsiːd]

vi.继续进行;(沿特定路线)行进,(朝特定方向)前进

词根记忆:pro(向前)+ceed(前进)→向前行进→前进

procedure [prəˈsiːdʒə(r)]

n.程序;手续;步骤

来自proceed(vi.继续进行)

相关词

表示“古老;过时”的词:ancient, antique, stale, outdated

ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt]

adj.古代的,古老的;年老的,看上去很老的

词根记忆:anci(古老)+ent(…的)→古老的

The tradition of gift giving in Japan is very ancient.(2014.6) 在日本赠送礼物的传统十分古老。

antique [ænˈtiːk]

adj.古老的;过时的 n.古物;古董

词根记忆:anti(古老)+que→古老的

stale [steɪl]

adj.不新鲜的;陈腐的,过时的

联想记忆:s+tale(传说)→传说传多了就不新鲜了→不新鲜的;陈腐的

outdated [ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd]

adj.过时的,陈旧的

同词缀

前缀a-①表加强;②表示“在…;…的”:apart, arise, ashamed, await, alike, anew, ahead, ashore, awake

apart [əˈpɑːt]

adv.(空间、时间方面)成距离;相间隔;分开;除去 adj.分离的,分隔的

词根记忆:a(表加强)+part(分开)→分离的

As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.(2008.6) 因此,广播电台将会越来越多地吸引居住在较远地区的目标听众。

apart from 除…以外;tell apart 区别,辨别

arise [əˈraɪz]

vi.出现;由…引起;起身;起床

词根记忆:a(表加强)+rise(出现,上升)→出现

Many conflicts arise between parents and their kids.(2008.12) 父母和孩子之间会出现许多冲突。

arise from 从…中产生,由…而引起

ashamed [əˈʃeɪmd]

adj.惭愧的,羞耻的;害臊的

词根记忆:a(表加强)+ sham(e)(羞愧)+ed(…的)→惭愧的,羞耻的

await [əˈweɪt]

vt.等候,期待;将降临到…身上

词根记忆:a(表加强)+wait(等)→等候

alike [əˈlaɪk]

adj.同样的,相同的 adv.一样地;相似地;同样程度地

词根记忆:a(表加强)+like(相似的)→非常相似→同样的

look alike 看起来像

anew [əˈnjuː]

adv.重新,再

ahead [əˈhed]

adv.在前面;向前;提前

ashore [əˈʃɔː(r)]

adv.在岸上;上岸

awake [əˈweɪk]

adj.醒着的 v.醒悟;唤醒,叫醒

近义词

求助,请求:appeal, request, resort

appeal [əˈpiːl]

v.呼吁,恳求;申诉,上诉;有吸引力 n.感染力,吸引力;呼吁;上诉

to make a serious and urgent request

词根记忆:ap(表加强)+peal(鸣响)→呼吁

Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them.(2011.12) 教师可以通过“以男生为中心”的教学方法鼓励男生享受阅读和写作,比如让他们读或者写那些能吸引他们的主题和人物。

appeal to 吸引;向…上诉;appeal against 提出上诉;appeal to sb.for help 向某人求助

appealing(adj.吸引人的)

request [rɪˈkwest]

vt.要求,请求 n.请求;需要

to ask for something or ask somebody to do something in a polite or formal way

resort [rɪˈzɔːt]

vi.求助;凭借;诉诸 n.求助;凭借;诉诸;求助(或凭借)的对象;采用的手段(或办法);常去之地,胜地

to make use of something, especially something bad, as a means of achieving something, often because there is no other possible solution

联想记忆:向上级打报告(report)求助(resort)

resort to 求助;凭借;诉诸

同词根

词根pear表示“看见”:appear, appearance, reappear

appear [əˈpɪə(r)]

vi.出现,来到;产生;似乎;发表

词根记忆:ap(表加强)+pear(看见)→看见→出现

Articles usually appear in the big Sunday editions where they need a lot of background stories to help fill up the space between the ads.(2014.12) 文章通常出现在周日的大幅版面上,报纸需要很多背景故事来帮助填补广告之间的空白。

appearance [əˈpɪərəns]

n.出现,来到;外观,外表

来自appear(vi.出现)+ance(表状态)→出现

judge by appearance 以貌取人

reappear [ˌriːəˈpɪə(r)]

vi.再现;再发生

词根记忆:re(再,又)+appear(出现)→再现

相关词

与“吃,饮食”相关的词:appetite, tasty, diet, cereal,dairy, dessert, snack, biscuit, lick, suck, stuff

appetite [ˈæpɪtaɪt]

n.食欲,胃口;欲望

词根记忆:ap(表加强)+pet(宠爱)+ite→喜欢的东西会勾起人的欲望→欲望

It interferes with the body's metabolism, possibly via the activity of an appetite-controlling hormone.(2014.12) 它会干扰身体的新陈代谢,可能是由一种控制食欲的荷尔蒙的活动造成的。

tasty [ˈteɪsti]

adj.美味的 n.好吃的东西

diet [ˈdaɪət]

n.日常饮食;(病人或减肥者的)特种饮食,规定饮食 v.节食;按规定食谱饮食

cereal [ˈsɪəriəl]

n.谷类食物;谷类植物,谷物

联想记忆:ce+real(真正的)→真正的健康食品→谷类食物

dairy [ˈdeəri]

n.乳制品;牛奶场 adj.乳制品的

联想记忆:每天(daily)吃乳制品(dairy)强壮骨骼

dessert [dɪˈzɜːt]

n.(餐后)甜食,甜点心

联想记忆:沙漠(desert)里没有甜点(dessert)

snack [snæk]

n.快餐,小吃,点心

biscuit [ˈbɪskɪt]

n.饼干

lick [lɪk]

vt.舔,舔吃;打败,克服;(波浪)轻拍;(火焰)吞卷 n.舔;少量,少许

suck [sʌk]

v.吸,吮;吸收

联想记忆:吃完烤鸭(duck)吮吸(suck)指头,回味无穷

suck up 吸收;奉承

stuff [stʌf]

n.材料;东西 vt.装,填,塞;让…吃饱

They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff.(2014.12) 他们可能甚至会有动力去支持政府采取措施,阻止人们消费这种致命的东西。

近义词

合适的:applicable, proper, suitable

applicable [əˈplɪkəbl]

adj.能应用的;合适的,适当的;适用于的

that can be said to be true in the case of somebody/something

联想记忆:appli(看作apply 运用)+cable(…的)→能应用的

It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without exception.(2005.1) 显然,这则新规毫无例外地适用于每一个人。

proper [ˈprɒpə(r)]

adj.正确的,对的;合乎体统的,正当的;固有的,特有的

right, appropriate or correct;according to the rules

suitable [ˈsuːtəbl]

adj.合适的,适宜的

right or appropriate for a particular purpose or occasion

联想词

学生apply资助,老师reply神速,无偿supply帮助

apply [əˈplaɪ]

v.应用,使用,实施;适用;申请,请求;涂,敷,施

What do I have to do to apply for a passport? (2012.6) 申请护照时我要做些什么?

apply to 向…提起申请;apply to sb.适合某人;apply sth.to 把某物敷上

application(n.应用;申请);applicant(n.申请人)

reply [rɪˈplaɪ]

v./n.回答,答复

supply [səˈplaɪ]

n./vt.供给,供应

supplier(n.供应商)

形近词

appropriate, appreciate, approximate

appropriate [əˈprəʊpriət]

adj.适当的,恰当的

词根记忆:ap(表加强)+propri(看作proper 适当的)+ate(…的)→适当的

Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate.(2008.12) 曾经被所有成人接受的体罚已经不再是恰当的行为了。

appreciate [əˈpriːʃieɪt]

vt.重视,赏识;感谢;领会,体会 vi.增值

词根记忆:ap(表加强)+preci(价值)+ate(使…)→肯定价值→赏识

appreciation(n.欣赏)

approximate

[əˈprɒksɪmət] adj.近似的;大概的

[əˈprɒksɪmeɪt] vt.近似;估计

词根记忆:ap(表加强)+proxim(接近)+ate(使…)→近似

approximate to 近于,接近

相关词

表示“主张,声明”的词:argue, claim, declare, proclaim, trumpet

argue [ˈɑːɡjuː]

v.争论,争辩,辩论;(坚决)主张;说服

发音记忆:“阿Q”→阿Q喜欢和人争论→争论,争辩

The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.(2011.12) 研究表明,男孩在男女同校的学校里通常表现不好,因为当同龄的女孩子们较早地在语言表达和阅读能力方面表现得更好时,他们会很沮丧。

argument(n.争论,争吵)

claim [kleɪm]

v.声称,主张;对…提出要求;索取;(灾难等)使失踪或死亡;需要;值得 n.要求;认领;索赔;声称,断言

本身为词根,意为“呼喊,喊叫”→声称;要求

lay claim to 声称对…有权;claim for 要求

declare [dɪˈkleə(r)]

v.宣布,公布

declaration(n.宣布)

proclaim [prəˈkleɪm]

vt.宣告,宣布;声明;显示

词根记忆:pro(在前)+claim(大叫)→在人前面大叫→宣告;声明

trumpet [ˈtrʌmpɪt]

n.喇叭,小号 vt.大声宣告;鼓吹

来自trump(n.喇叭)+et(小)→喇叭,小号

近义词

唤醒,弄醒:arouse, rouse, waken

arouse [əˈraʊz]

vt.引起,唤起;唤醒

to wake somebody from sleep

联想记忆:a+rouse(唤醒,激起)→唤醒

It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.(2011.6) 这引起了科学界人士的极大兴趣。

arousal(n.觉醒)

rouse [raʊz]

vt.唤起;唤醒;惊起

to wake somebody up, especially when they are sleeping deeply

发音记忆:“扰死”→唤醒

waken [ˈweɪkən]

vt.弄醒 vi.醒来

to wake, or make somebody wake, from sleep

来自wake(vt.唤醒)

同词根

词根art(i)表示“技巧”:artistic, article, art, artist

artistic [ɑːˈtɪstɪk]

adj.艺术的;艺术家的;富有艺术性的;精美的,精彩的

词根记忆:art(技巧)+istic(…的)→有技巧的→艺术的;精美的

Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness.(2011.12) 据说,在单性别学校中就读的男孩更有可能参与那些有助于培养情感表达能力的文化艺术活动。

article [ˈɑːtɪkl]

n.文章;条款;物品;冠词

词根记忆:art(技巧)+icle(小)→用技巧写(做)出来的东西→文章;物品

In a New York Times article,Sam Boakye—the only black student on his freshman year floor—said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove." (2011.6) 《纽约时报》上的一篇文章写道,萨姆·博阿基耶曾说:“如果你身边都是白人,你就想证明些什么。”他在大一时是唯一一名黑人学生。

art [ɑːt]

n.艺术;美术

artist [ˈɑːtɪst]

n.艺术家

相关词

与“建筑”相关的词:aspect, architect, architecture, blueprint, brick, cement, skyscraper, cellar, watertight, waterproof

aspect [ˈæspekt]

n.方面;(建筑物的)朝向、方向;样子,外表

词根记忆:a(表加强)+spect(看)→让人看的东西→样子,外表

Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.(2014.6) 人类对火的控制可追溯至很久以前(一百多万年以前),人类的进化可能产生了一种对火的遗传性倾向,即把火视作人类生活的关键。

architect [ˈɑːkɪtekt]

n.建筑师;设计师;缔造者

词根记忆:arch(统治者)+i+tect(遮蔽)→专为统治者修建遮身之处的人→建筑师

Before Barbara had children, she worked as an architect for the government, designing government housing.(2010.6) 芭芭拉在生育子女之前是一位专门为政府设计房屋的设计师。

architecture [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)]

n.建筑学;建筑式样,建筑风格

blueprint [ˈbluːprɪnt]

n.蓝图,方案

brick [brɪk]

n.砖,砖块;砖状物

联想记忆:砖(brick)不容易被折断(break)

cement [sɪˈment]

n.水泥;胶泥 vt.黏结;巩固;使团结

联想记忆:ce+ment(看作mend 修补)→修补材料→水泥;胶泥

skyscraper [ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)]

n.摩天大楼

cellar [ˈselə(r)]

n.地窖,地下室

watertight [ˈwɔːtətaɪt]

adj.不透水的,防水的;严密的,无懈可击的

合成词:water(水)+tight(紧密的,不漏水的)→防水的

waterproof [ˈwɔːtəpruːf]

adj.不透水的,防水的

合成词:water(水)+proof(防…的)→防水的

相关词

表示“任务”的词:assignment, challenge, mission

assignment [əˈsaɪnmənt]

n.任务,指定的作业;分配,指派

词根记忆:assign(分配)+ment(表性质)→分配,指派

Her assignment for the last five years has been Washington and American politics.(2014.6) 她过去五年的任务都是报道有关华盛顿和美国政治的新闻。

challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ]

n.挑战;邀请赛;艰巨的任务;怀疑,质问 vt.反对;向…挑战;对…质疑

mission [ˈmɪʃn]

n.使命,任务;使团

词根记忆:miss(送)+ion(表状态)→派出使团→使命,任务;使团

同词根

词根sist表示“站立”:assistant, assistance, consist, consistent

assistant [əˈsɪstənt]

n.助手,助理,助教 adj.助理的,辅助的

词根记忆:as(表加强)+sist(站立)+ant(表人)→帮助站立的人→助手,助理

Research has also showed that this kind of impulse-buy happens more frequently when no sales assistants are nearby.(2013.6) 研究还表明,如果顾客身边没有售货员的话,顾客的这种冲动购物行为会更加频繁。

an assistant coach 助理教练

assistance [əˈsɪstəns]

n.协助,援助

词根记忆:as(表加强)+sist(站立)+ance(状态)→帮别人站立→协助,援助

consist [kənˈsɪst]

vi.由…组成;在于;一致

词根记忆:con(共同)+sist(站立)→站在一起→一致

consist of 组成,构成;consist in 在于,存在于

consistent [kənˈsɪstənt]

adj.坚持的,一贯的;一致的,符合的

词根记忆:con(共同)+sist(站立)+ent(…的)→站在一起的→一致的

They lack consistent support from peers.(2013.6) 他们缺乏同龄人的一致支持。

consistency(n.一致性)

近义词

同事,伙伴:associate, colleague, comrade, mate, partner, companion

associate

[əˈsəʊʃiət] n.伙伴;同事 adj.副的

[əˈsəʊʃieɪt] vt.使联合,结合;(在思想上)把…联系在一起 vi.交往

a person that you work with, do business with or spend a lot of time with

词根记忆:as(表加强)+soci(看作social 社会的,交际的)+ate(做)→在社会上要学会与人交往→交往

Among friends and family and business associates, we generally don't give gifts on other occasions except on someone's birthday and Christmas.(2014.6) 在朋友、家人和商业伙伴之间,除了生日或圣诞节,我们通常不会在别的场合送礼物。

associate with 结交,交往;associate professor 副教授

association(n.协会,联盟)

colleague [ˈkɒliːɡ]

n.同事;同僚

a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business

联想记忆:col(共同)+league(联盟)→工作于同一个联盟→同事

comrade [ˈkɒmreɪd]

n.同事;同伴,朋友

a friend or other person that you work with, especially as soldiers during a war

mate [meɪt]

n.伙伴;同事;配偶;(商船上的)大副 v.(使)成为配偶;(使)交配

a person you share an activity or accommodation with

partner [ˈpɑːtnə(r)]

n.伙伴;合伙人,搭档;配偶 v.做…的搭档

one of the people who owns a business and shares the profits, etc.

companion [kəmˈpæniən]

n.同伴;同事;伴侣

a person who shares in your work, pleasures, sadness, etc.

联想记忆:compani(看作company 陪伴)+on(表人)→同伴

形近词

assume, resume, consume

assume [əˈsjuːm]

vt.假定,假设,臆断;承担,担任;呈现

词根记忆:as(表加强)+sum(拿,取)+e→拿住→承担

assumption(n.假定)

resume

[rɪˈzjuːm] v.(中断后)重新开始,继续;恢复

[ˈrezjumeɪ] n.简历;摘要,概要

词根记忆:re(重新)+sum(拿)+e→重新拿起→重新开始

consume [kənˈsjuːm]

vt.消费;吃完,喝光;使入迷

词根记忆:con(全部)+sum(取)+e→把钱全部取出来消费→消费

It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume.(2012.12) 研究人们所吃食物的数量和种类很容易。

consume with 使着迷;充满

consumption(n.消耗) fKFa7bgK6tZjaNdlMMc3gXL3lhGkbvkB5ZS3dadx0RVYEim2bcKwcMCCEBqE2kVw

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