一、基数词

70 基数词构成法

基数词（canlinal numbers）指表示数目的词。下面是最基本的基数词，其他数目均由它们构成：

基数词的构成法：

除了上表列出的基数词外，其他基数词构成法如下：

a. 21—99：先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间要加连字符：

23 twenty-three

45 forty-five

57 fifty-seven

b. 101—999：先说“几百”，再说and，再说末尾两位数（或末位数）：

328 three hundred and twenty-eight

677 six hundred and seventy-seven

908 nine hundred and eight

c. 1,000以上：先从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号（以此把数目分为若干段）。第一个逗号前的数为thousand，第二个逗号前的数为million，第三个逗号前的数为billion；然后一段一段地表示，例如：

2,008 two thousand and eight

4,000 four thousand

6,203 six thousand, two hundred and three

147,258 one hundred and forty-seven thousand, two hundred and fifty- eight

17,557,421 seventeen million, five hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty one

570,000,000 five hundred and seventy million

4,000,000,000 four billion

1,000,000,000,000 a（one）trillion（一万亿）

在这类数词中，hundred, million, billion等词一般都用单数形式。

71 基数词在句子中的作用

基数词在句子中的主要作用：

a. 定语：

We’ve got one computer and two electric typewriters. 我们有一台电脑、两台电动打字机。

That company exports several thousand dresses every month. 那家公司每月出口几千件服装。

Over one million pounds have been raised. 筹集到的钱已超过一百万英镑。

b. 主语：

The other three are masterpieces. 另外三本都是杰作。

Five of them are included. 包括他们中的五个。

c. 宾语或介词宾语：

I saw four of these programs. 这些节目我看了四个。

—How much rent do you pay every month? —Eight hundred. ——你每月付多少房租？ ——八百。

The city has a population of four million. 这座城市有四百万人口。

d. 表语：

They are altogether forty. 他们总共是四十个人。

Ten minus seven is three. 十减七等于三。

e. 同位语：

He is a postgraduate, and we three are not. 他是研究生，我们三个人不是。

What work are you to assign us four?你给我们四个人分配了什么工作？

基数词还可用于复数形式：

Thousands of people go to Hainan for a holiday every winter. 每年冬天，成千上万的人到海南去度假。

Tens of thousands of buffaloes used to roam the prairie. 过去有数以万计的野牛在草原上奔跑。

They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来了。

表示“……十”的数词可用复数形式来表示：

a. 年龄：

He is in his early twenties. 他才二十岁出头。

He died still in his forties. 他四十多岁就死了。

she was by now in her late thirties. 现在她三十八九岁了。

b. 年代：

Tangshan earthquake took place in the 1970s. 唐山大地震发生在（二十世纪）七十年代。

I was working in Singapore in the 90’s. （二十世纪）九十年代我在新加坡工作。

一些数学公式的读法：

3 + 12 = 15 Three plus twelve is fifteen.

9 - 7 = 2 Nine minus seven is two.

6 × 5 = 30 Six times five（Six multiplied by five）is thirty.

20 ÷ 4 = 5 Twenty divided by four is five.

a > b a is more than b.

a < b a is less than b.

a≈b a approximately equals to b.

a ≠ b a is not equal to b. d7CnsjHdELw0t6c8Y2fJVsIHobqqaWO9oX1jm8i8Ahkdo/Lcnrn8p17cjL/rJyMq