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四、指示代词

52 指示代词的基本用法

指示代词主要有下面四个:

这四个词也可后接名词,变成该名词的限定词或定语(或称指示形容词)。它们在句中可以用作:

主语:

This can all wait. 这一切都可以等一等。

Are these what you want? 这些是你要的吗?

What are those? 那些是什么?

That isn’t what I meant at all. 那完全不是我的意思。

在电话里或在介绍人时this和that可以指人:

Charles, this is my wife, Claudia. 查尔斯,这是我妻子克罗狄亚。

Who is this? (在电话里)你是哪位?

Was that Vicky on the phone? 是维琪打电话来吗?

宾语:

Dad gave me this. 这是我爸给我的。

Take these to your mother. 把这些带给你母亲。

介词宾语:

What do you think of this? 你觉得这个怎样?

I have no doubt about that. 我对此没有怀疑。

表语:

What I want to stress is this. 我想强调的是这一点。

The winning numbers are these. 获奖号码是这些。

在英语口语中,刚提到的东西常用that或those表示,而在汉语中常用“这”表示:

I have no time to do it and that’s my trouble. 我没有时间做这件事,这就是我的问题。

He had a bad cold. That’s why he didn’t come. 他得了重感冒,因此没有来。

53 指示代词作定语的用法

指示代词还可用作定语,有的语法学家称之为限定词,也有人称之为指示形容词:

This house is for rent. 这所房子供出租。

These two problems are hard. 这两个问题很难。

That room is hers. 那间房是她的。

指示代词作定语时可以和“of +物主代词”连用:

I hate that old bike of yours. 我讨厌你的那辆破自行车。

I really like those paintings of your sister’s. 我的确很喜欢你姐姐的那些画。

this可和某些名词连用,表示“今天”“今年”等:

Are you going out this evening? 你今天晚上要出去吗?

How many classes did you go to this afternoon? 今天下午你上了几节课?

They are going to college this autumn. 他们今年秋天上大学。

它还可用于this day week这类短语中:

She will be back this day week. 她将在一星期后(的今天)回来。

I saw her this day month. 我是一个月前见到她的。

these days可表示“近来”“现在”:

He was feeling optimistic these days. 近来他感到很乐观。

She seldom comes to see me these days. 现在她很少来看我。

54 that和those的特别用法

that可代表前面提到的名词,以避免重复:

The oil output last year was much higher than that of 1990.去年的石油产量比1990年高得多。

His description did not answer to that of the thief. 小偷的模样和他所描述的不相符。

those可代表前面的复数名词,以避免重复:

His stories are more interesting than those I told. 他的故事比我的有趣。

My questions are similar to those you raised. 我的问题和你提的差不多。

that还可代表前句所说的情况:

We see him when he comes to town, but that isn’t often. 他进城时我们就能见到他,不过他不常进城。

Van Gogh succeeded in selling only one painting in his life time, and that to his brother. 梵高一生中只卖出一张画,这张画还是卖给他哥哥的。

that还可用于某些短语:

a. that is(这就是说):

One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider. 解决方法是去改变屏幕的形状,就是说使屏幕更宽些。

b. that’s all(就这些,如此而已):

Just don’t do it again, that’s all. 以后别再这样做了,就这些。

c. that’s it(你说对了):

—You have no confidence? —That’s it. I’m no good. ——你没有信心?——你说对了,我不行。

d. that’s that(情况就是这样):

He’s gone and that’s that. 他走了,情况就是这样。

e. that’s to say(这就是说):

That is to say, same time, same place? 那就是说,还是老时间、老地方啰?

f. what’s that(你说什么):

What? What’s that you say? 什么?你说什么?

g.(Who)is that(是谁):

Do go and see who is that at the door. 去看看门口的人是谁。 r27CwRGkEpTzfqVx6Qx0W/E5KnU/Su7zp0VvQVI0olFdYEasIDx5OBVXAKerHuaM

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