另外,oneself也是一个反身代词。
John dressed himself in the most formal suit. 约翰穿得衣冠楚楚。
They should blame themselves for the accident. 发生这种事只怪他们自己。
Please make yourself at home. 请别客气。
在很多动词后可用反身代词作宾语,常见的有:
关于这种结构,可参阅第300节。
反身代词有时可以和介词一道构成状语:
She was pleased with herself. 她很得意。
My sister is a teacher like myself. 我妹妹和我一样也是教师。
反身代词也可用在复合宾语中:
He’s making himself cheap by his unpleasant behaviour. 他那令人讨厌的行为有损其身份。
He felt himself very ignorant. 他感到自己很幼稚。
a. Mary herself opened the door. 玛丽亲自开了门。
The girl herself was to blame for it. 这得怪这个女孩自己。
b. I like the diamond itself but not the setting. 我喜欢的是钻石本身,而不是它的底座。
I want to see Tom himself. 我想见见汤姆本人。
在不少情况下反身代词可起强调作用,具有状语的性质,这时它可位于句尾:
She should do her homework herself. 她应该自己做作业。
You must decide that yourself. 这必须由你自己来决定。
a. I haven’t been myself for weeks. 这几个星期我身体一直欠佳。
Now I’m quite myself again. 现在我身体复原了。
b. Both my sister and myself were anxious about it. 我和妹妹都很为这事着急。
I hope Miss Green and yourself(=you)are keeping well. 我希望你和格林小姐身体都好。
反身代词还可用在as或than后面:
My mother is as worried as myself. 我妈妈和我一样发愁。
My bother is as tall as(I)myself. 我弟弟和我一样高。
a. among themselves(ourselves)(他们/我们之间相互):
Don’t quarrel among yourselves. 你们不要相互争吵了。
Soon they began to fight among themselves. 不久他们内部就斗争起来了。
b. between ourselves (咱们私下说说;不足为外人道):
Come, we’ll have a word between ourselves. 来,我们私下说句话。
Between ourselves, I think Smith’s about to resign. 我们私下说,我想史密斯会辞职。
c. by oneself(独自一人;全靠自己):
He is calmest(=very calm)when he is all by himself. 他一人独处时极为平静。
I don’t like being by myself during a thunder storm. 我不喜欢在下暴雨时独自待着。
His new house was built by himself, brick by brick. 他的新房子是自己一块砖一块砖地砌起来的。
I finished the crossword(all)by myself. 我自己(一个人)做出了纵横填字字谜。
d. for oneself (替自己,为自己):
He is above taking profits for himself. 他不屑为自己谋私利。
A hobby is compared to a special friend that you choose for yourself. 一种业余爱好好比一位你为自己选择的特殊朋友。
e. in oneself(本身):
The money in itself meant nothing to them. 这钱本身对他们来说是没有什么价值的。
The idea is not bad in itself. 这主意本身不错。
They were good man in themselves, but they had to make a living too. 他们本身都是好人,但他们也得谋生。
f. to oneself(给自己用):
He had a room to himself. 他自己有一间房。
We want a little time to ourselves. 我们希望有一些供我们自己支配的时间。
相互代词只有one another和each other。一般来说,each other指两人间的相互关系;one another指几个人之间的相互关系。二者也可互换使用,主要用作:
Probably we influence each other. 或许我们相互影响。
We’ve known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。
You should help one another. 你们应该互相帮助。
They three get along well with one another; one is married, another is still a bachelor and the other has a girl friend. 他们三人相处愉快:一个已婚,一个仍是单身汉,另一个则已有女友。
The students vary from one another in character. 学生们的性格各不相同。
Businesses vied with each other to attract customers. 各商行互相竞争以招揽顾客。
They were holding each other’s hands. 他们拉着彼此的手。
We often listen to one another’s records. 我们常常听彼此的唱片。
有时each other和one another还可分开用,但意义有变化:
We each know what the other thinks. 我们都知道彼此的想法。
The passengers embarked one after another. 乘客一个接一个地上了船。