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三、反身代词和相互代词

50 反身代词

反身代词也叫自身代词(self pronouns),主要有下面这些:

另外,oneself也是一个反身代词。

反身代词主要用作宾语或介词的宾语:

John dressed himself in the most formal suit. 约翰穿得衣冠楚楚。

They should blame themselves for the accident. 发生这种事只怪他们自己。

Please make yourself at home. 请别客气。

在很多动词后可用反身代词作宾语,常见的有:

关于这种结构,可参阅第300节。

反身代词有时可以和介词一道构成状语:

She was pleased with herself. 她很得意。

My sister is a teacher like myself. 我妹妹和我一样也是教师。

反身代词也可用在复合宾语中:

He’s making himself cheap by his unpleasant behaviour. 他那令人讨厌的行为有损其身份。

He felt himself very ignorant. 他感到自己很幼稚。

自身代词还可用作主语(a)或宾语(b)的同位语:

a. Mary herself opened the door. 玛丽亲自开了门。

The girl herself was to blame for it. 这得怪这个女孩自己。

b. I like the diamond itself but not the setting. 我喜欢的是钻石本身,而不是它的底座。

I want to see Tom himself. 我想见见汤姆本人。

在不少情况下反身代词可起强调作用,具有状语的性质,这时它可位于句尾:

She should do her homework herself. 她应该自己做作业。

You must decide that yourself. 这必须由你自己来决定。

在个别情况下反身代词可用作表语(a)和主语(b):

a. I haven’t been myself for weeks. 这几个星期我身体一直欠佳。

Now I’m quite myself again. 现在我身体复原了。

b. Both my sister and myself were anxious about it. 我和妹妹都很为这事着急。

I hope Miss Green and yourself(=you)are keeping well. 我希望你和格林小姐身体都好。

反身代词还可用在as或than后面:

My mother is as worried as myself. 我妈妈和我一样发愁。

My bother is as tall as(I)myself. 我弟弟和我一样高。

反身代词还用在一些短语中。如:

a. among themselves(ourselves)(他们/我们之间相互):

Don’t quarrel among yourselves. 你们不要相互争吵了。

Soon they began to fight among themselves. 不久他们内部就斗争起来了。

b. between ourselves (咱们私下说说;不足为外人道):

Come, we’ll have a word between ourselves. 来,我们私下说句话。

Between ourselves, I think Smith’s about to resign. 我们私下说,我想史密斯会辞职。

c. by oneself(独自一人;全靠自己):

He is calmest(=very calm)when he is all by himself. 他一人独处时极为平静。

I don’t like being by myself during a thunder storm. 我不喜欢在下暴雨时独自待着。

His new house was built by himself, brick by brick. 他的新房子是自己一块砖一块砖地砌起来的。

I finished the crossword(all)by myself. 我自己(一个人)做出了纵横填字字谜。

d. for oneself (替自己,为自己):

He is above taking profits for himself. 他不屑为自己谋私利。

A hobby is compared to a special friend that you choose for yourself. 一种业余爱好好比一位你为自己选择的特殊朋友。

e. in oneself(本身):

The money in itself meant nothing to them. 这钱本身对他们来说是没有什么价值的。

The idea is not bad in itself. 这主意本身不错。

They were good man in themselves, but they had to make a living too. 他们本身都是好人,但他们也得谋生。

f. to oneself(给自己用):

He had a room to himself. 他自己有一间房。

We want a little time to ourselves. 我们希望有一些供我们自己支配的时间。

51 相互代词

相互代词只有one another和each other。一般来说,each other指两人间的相互关系;one another指几个人之间的相互关系。二者也可互换使用,主要用作:

宾语:

Probably we influence each other. 或许我们相互影响。

We’ve known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。

You should help one another. 你们应该互相帮助。

介词宾语:

They three get along well with one another; one is married, another is still a bachelor and the other has a girl friend. 他们三人相处愉快:一个已婚,一个仍是单身汉,另一个则已有女友。

The students vary from one another in character. 学生们的性格各不相同。

Businesses vied with each other to attract customers. 各商行互相竞争以招揽顾客。

相互代词的所有格和’s一道构成定语(彼此的):

They were holding each other’s hands. 他们拉着彼此的手。

We often listen to one another’s records. 我们常常听彼此的唱片。

有时each other和one another还可分开用,但意义有变化:

We each know what the other thinks. 我们都知道彼此的想法。

The passengers embarked one after another. 乘客一个接一个地上了船。 /9C0dYymCBdmCKoISOGXPmPWg1ScNnETajYI24sa3qhwoFuROjJZJCkvejUVm4W4

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