英语人称代词有下面这些:
人称代词在句中可以用作主语(a)、宾语(b)或介词的宾语(c):
a. I see what you mean. 我明白你的意思。
They say we are going to have a hot summer. 人家说今年夏天会很热。
—Where is your car? —It’s in the garage. ——你的车在哪儿?——在车库里。
b. He offered them a new contract. 他给他们提供了一份新合同。
He invited us to the party. 他邀请我们参加晚会。
Did you see him yesterday? 你昨天见到他了吗?
c. I kept faith with him. 我信守了对他的诺言。
The manager will be free soon. You can wait for her here. 经理过一会儿就有空了,你可以在这儿等她。
在用作主语时,人称代词用主格;用作宾语及介词宾语时,则需用宾格。
I saw at once it was her. 我马上看出是她。
Don’t blame Tom. It’s me who broke the vase. 别怪汤姆,是我打破花瓶的。
这种情况在书面语中仍用主格,特别是在it引起的句子中:
It was she who had been wrong. 是她错了。
It’s I(me).是我。
Where’s my map? I left it on the table. 我的地图哪里去了?我(刚才)放在桌子上了。(it指map)
—I want to stay. —Your wife won’t like it. ——我想留下。——你妻子不会赞成的。(it指整句:I want to stay.)
She loves jogging. It keeps her fit. 她喜欢慢跑,这使她身体好。(it指jogging)
it也可用来表示性别不明的孩子:
Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos. 她刚生的婴儿很小,才两千克。
I can’t find my keys. I forget where I put them. 我找不到钥匙了。我忘了把它们搁在哪儿了。
He offered them a new contract. 他给他们提供了一份新合同。
—Who wants a ride on my bike? —Me!(Not me!) ——谁想骑我的自行车?——我想!(我可不想!)
—Who did it? —Them. ——谁干的?——他们干的。
在比较从句中人称代词宾格很常用,特别是在口语中:
John is smaller than him. 约翰个子比他小。
He is as tall as me. 他和我一样高。
不过如果从句中人称代词作主语,仍用主格:
He is as tall as I am. 他同我一样高。
She swims faster than I do. 她游得比我快。
We all have our weakness. 我们(人)都有弱点。
You need to consider all these factors. 你需要考虑所有这些因素。
they也可用来泛指一般人:
They say prices are going to increase again. 据说物价又要上涨。
They don’t make decent furniture nowadays. 如今人们做不出像样的家具。
a. 雌性动物:
I stroke the cat and she rubbed against my leg. 我抚摸着猫,它蹭着我的腿。
Do you remember our dog? She had puppies last week. 你还记得我们的那只狗吗?它上星期生小狗了。
b. 国家:
Spain is a major car manufacturer. She exports cars to the UK. 西班牙是个重要的汽车生产国,它出口汽车到英国。
England has done what she promised to do. 英国已履行了它的承诺。
c. 船只、车辆:
She is a fine ship. 这是条很好的船。
Nice car! How much did she cost? 真是辆好车!买它花了多少钱?
What’s your nationality? 你(们)是哪国人?
Is this your(his/her)seat? 这是你的(他的/她的)座位吗?
Their(Our/My)house looks on to the sea. 他们的(我们的/我的)房子面朝大海。
The cat’s had its dinner. 猫已经吃过(它的)饭了。
The dog was howling; its paw was hurt. 那条狗在吼叫,它的爪子受伤了。
The baby threw its food on the floor. 那个小孩儿把食物扔到地上了。
We have no idea how the birds find their way. 我们不知道这些鸟如何找到它们的路。
Cars with their engines at the back are very noisy. 发动机在后面的汽车噪音大。
The cuckoo lays her eggs in other bird’s nests. 布谷鸟把自己的蛋生在别的鸟的窝里。
In 1941 America assumed her role as a world power. 1941年,美国开始发挥世界大国的作用。
a. 作定语:
I always write for my own people. 我总是为我自己的人民写作。
Virtue is its own reward. (谚语)为善乐在其中。
b. 作表语、宾语等:
My time is not my own. 我的时间不是自己的。
It’s her friend’s car, not her own. 这车是她朋友的,不是她自己的。
c. 与of连用:
The accident happened through no fault of her own. 事故绝非出于她自己的过错。
They have no children of their own. 他们没有自己的孩子。
a. 表语:
This suit is his. 这套衣服是他的。
Is that old black cat yours? 那只老黑猫是你们的吗?
b. 主语:
That isn’t my car; mine is being repaired. 这不是我的车,我的车正在修理。
Ours is the only garden in the lane. 我们的花园是这条巷子里唯一的花园。
c. 宾语或介词宾语:
We’ll have to separate ours from theirs. 得把我们的东西和他们的分开。
I like yours better than ours. 我喜欢你(们)的胜过我们自己的。
I borrowed a tie of his. 我借了他一条领带。
He is a great admirer of yours. 他是你的崇拜者。
That fool of a sister of ours! 我们的那个傻妹妹!
在信的末尾,人们常说Best wishes for you and yours,这里的yours表示“你家里的人”。