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Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked[A],[B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
1. When carbon is added to iron in proper ________the result is steel.
[A] rates [B] thicknesses
[C] proportions [D] densities
2. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a________ for smoking.
[A] relief [B] revival
[C] substitute [D] succession
3. In the United States, inches and ________ are still used as units of measurement.
[A] foot [B] foots
[C] feet [D] feets
4. The data received from the two ________ whirling around Mars ________ that there is much dence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planet.
[A] spacecraft...indicates
[B] spacecrafts...indicate
[C] spacecraft...indicate
[D] spacecrafts...indicates
5. Several hundred police ________ on duty at the demonstration yesterday.
[A] was [B] were
[C] being [D] been
6. The police investigate the ________ about the bank robbery.
[A] stander-by [B] standers-by
[C] stander-bys [D] standers-bys
7. After ten years, all those youngsters became ________ .
[A] growns-up [B] growns-ups
[C] grown-up [D] grown-ups
8. Many ________ prefer to use the word“Ms”instead of“Miss”or“Mrs”before their names in business correspondence.
[A] woman managers [B] woman manager
[C] women managers [D] women manager
9. The flood has done much ________ to this region.
[A] damage [B] damages
[C] damaging [D] ruin
10. Various ________ sold at this counter.
[A] soap is [B] soap are
[C] soaps are [D] soaps is
11.Mary was going to a wedding so she brushed________ well.
[A] her hair [B] her hairs
[C] the hair [D] the hairs
12.There is ________ about this man which forces me to admire him.
[A] a certain honesty [B] honesty
[C] honesties [D] a honesties
13.Mumps ________ a very common disease which usually affects children.
[A] is [B] will be
[C] are [D] has to be
14.His politics ________ against mine.
[A] is [B] will be
[C] are [D] has to be
15.There ________ a pair of shoes under the bed.
[A] is [B] are
[C] will have [D] has
16.They will have it finished in ________ .
[A] three quarter of an hour time
[B] three quarters of an hour time
[C] three quarter of an hour’s time
[D] three quarters of an hour’s time
17.The woman over there is ________ .
[A] Julia and Mary mother
[B] Julia and Mary’s mothers
[C] Julia and Mary’s mother
[D] Julia’s and Mary’s mother
18.I’m going! To dine at ________ at 5:00 p. m..
[A] the Johnsons [B] the Johnsons’
[C ] the Johnson [D] Johnsons’ house
19.Her house is within ________ from the police station.
[A] a stone’s throw
[B] stone’s throw’s
[C] a throw of a stone
[D] the stone’s throw
20. Since I loved her very much when she was alive, I prize my ________ picture and I would sell it for all the money in the world.
[A] mother’s-in-law
[B] mother-in-law’s
[C] mother-in-law
[D] mother’s-in-law’s
21.________, the singer, is also my classmate.
[A] The friend of Tom
[B] The friend Tom’s
[C] The friend’s of Tom
[D] Tom’s friend
22.He was granted ________ after five years’ study.
[A] a master’s degree
[B] a masters’ degree
[C] a degree of the master
[D] a degree of the masters
23.We hope that our government should pay more attention to ________ .
[A] the livelihood of the poor
[B] the poor livelihood
[C] the poor’s livelihood
[D] the livelihood poor
24.________ created a sensation among the students.
[A] That very inspiring speech of the old professor’s
[B] The old professor’s that very inspiring speech
[C] A very inspiring speech of the old professor
[D] The old professor’s a very inspiring speech
25.This is ________ . It was bought by his grandfather many years ago.
[A] a portrait of Mr. Tony Blair
[B] a portrait of Mr. Tony Blair’s
[C] Mr. Tony Blair’s a portrait
[D] a Mr. Tony Blair’s portrait
26.I walked too much yesterday and________ are still aching now.
[A] my leg’s muscles
[B] my muscles of leg
[C] my leg muscles
[D] my muscles of the leg
27. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the ________ movie could not hold our attention.
[A] three-hours [B] three-hour
[C] three-hours’ [D] three-hour’s
28.There are ________ in this factory.
[A] three thousands of workers
[B] three thousand of workers
[C] three thousands workers
[D] three thousand workers
29.There are ________ of kinds of matter in the world.
[A] a million [B] a few million
[C] millions [D] million
30. The institution has a highly effective program which helps first-year students make a successful ________ into college life.
[A] transformation
[B] transmission
[C] transition
[D] transaction
1. 【精析】选[C]。rate表示“比率”；thickness表示“厚度，黏度”；densities表示“密度，浓度”；in proportion是固定搭配，表示“按比例”。注意proportion为抽象名词，前面不加冠词。
【句意】当碳和铁按照适当的比例调和起来，就形成了钢。
2. 【精析】选[C]。relief表示“减轻，减除”；revival表示“复兴，复活”；substitute表示“替代品”；succession表示“连续，继承”。
【句意】医生警告大家不要用嚼烟叶来代替抽烟。
3. 【精析】选[C]。为了与“inches”的复数形式相照应，此空里应填复数。foot为不规则名词，其复数形式为feet。
【句意】在美国，英寸和英尺仍被用作计量单位。
4. 【精析】选[C]。whirl表示“旋转”；Mars表示“火星”。spacecraft（航天器）单复同形，故只能说two spacecraft。data是datum的复数形式，在主句中充当主语，“received from...whirling around Mars”为其定语，故谓语动词应为复数。
【句意】从围绕火星飞行的两艘航天器上接收到的信息表明，火星赤道上有雷电产生。
5. 【精析】选[B]。police是一个集合名词，形式上是单数，却是复数概念；在此句中由“several hundred”修饰，也说明它是作复数的，所以谓语动词也应使用复数。本句的时间是yesterday，所以谓语用一般过去式were。
【句意】昨天的游行中有几百名警察执勤。
6. 【精析】选[B]。stander-by是一个复合名词，它的主要部分是stander（站立者），应在其后加“s”构成复数形式。
【句意】警方在就这桩银行抢劫案调查旁观者。
7. 【精析】选[D]。grow up是一个动词短语，意思是“长大成人”。而grown-up是复合名词，意思是“成年人”。根据“来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词，将最后一个构词部分变为复数”的原则，直接在词尾加“s”变为复数。
【句意】十年之后，那些少年都长大成人了。
8. 【精析】选[C]。这是以“man/woman +名词”构成的复合名词，“woman”和“manager”都应变为复数形式，即“women managers”。
【句意】在商务信件往来中，许多女经理更愿被称为“××女士”，而不是“××小姐”或“××太太”。
9. 【精析】选[A]。damage通常作为不可数名词来使用。当damage表示“破坏，损失”时，为抽象名词，是不可数的；当damage用作复数时表示法律上的赔偿金，意义已发生改变。在本题中damage表示抽象意义上的“破坏”，所以应使用单数形式。其实，根据修饰词much，我们也可以知道此处应为damage。
【句意】洪水对这个地区造成了非常大的破坏。
10. 【精析】选[C]。在本题中，soap虽为物质名词，但鉴于various表示品种上的多样，所以其后应与复数名词连用，即various soaps（各种各样的肥皂）。
【句意】这个柜台出售各种各样的肥皂。
11. 【精析】选[A]。当hair统指一个人的全部头发时是不可数名词；只有在表示“一根根的头发”时才是可数的。本题中显然用的是“全部头发”这个整体概念，又已知是玛丽的头发，所以应选[A]。
【句意】玛丽要去参加一个婚礼，所以她精心地梳理了头发。
12. 【精析】选[A]。a certain honesty即some honesty，或a kind of honesty，表示“某种诚实的品质”。honesty一般没有复数形式，是一个不可数的抽象名词。
【句意】这个人有一种诚实的品质，这种品质使我不由得很欣赏他。
13. 【精析】选[A]。mumps（流行性腮腺炎）是一种病，词尾虽然有-s，但并不是复数，所以要与单数动词连用。由本题的表语“a very common disease”也可以判定be动词要用单数形式。
【句意】流行性腮腺炎是一种多发于儿童的常见病。
14. 【精析】选[C]。此处politics指的是“政治观点，政见”而不是“政治学”，所以为复数名词，应使用be动词的复数形式。[B]项“will be”也没有明显的语法错误，但根据选择一个最优答案的原则，[C]项“are”更为合适——因为本题中没有特别指出时间，故以一般现在时为佳。
【句意】他的政治观点与我的相悖。
15. 【精析】选[A]。a pair of shoes意为“一双鞋”，重点已不在于指两只单独的鞋了，这个词本身已经具有了个体性—be动词的单复数形式应与量词pair保持一致。
【句意】床下有一双鞋。
16.【精析】选[D]。类似的用法还有yesterday’s meeting, two hours’ride, a mile’s distance, three pounds’ worth（of petrol）等。a quarter of an hour=15 minutes。
【句意】他们将在45分钟之内完成（这个任务）。
17.【精析】选[C]。本题想要表达的意思显然是“那个女人是朱丽娅和玛丽两人共同的母亲”，所以在第二个名词后加“’s”。
【句意】那边的那个女人是朱丽娅和玛丽的母亲。
18.【精析】选[B]。此处the Johnsons’指的是“the Johnsons’ restaurant or house”，类似的用法还有at the barber’s, St. Paul’s（=St. Paul’s Cathedral圣保罗大教堂）等。当用城市或人物等专有名词作机场、码头、街道、单位的名称时，不能用所有格，如“Pittsburgh’s airport”就是错误的，应为“Pittsburgh airport”。
【句意】我走了，下午5点在约翰逊饭店（家）吃晚饭。
19.【精析】选[A]。a stone’s throw为固定搭配，意思为“近在咫尺”。
【句意】她的房子离警察局非常近。
20.【精析】选[B]。mother-in-law为固定搭配，意思为“岳母/婆婆”。
【句意】我的岳母（婆婆）在世的时候，我很爱戴她，所以她去世后我非常珍惜她的照片，出再高的价钱我也不会卖。
21.【精析】选[D]。the singer进一步限制了“汤姆的朋友”这个概念，此时必须用’s所有格。
【句意】汤姆的朋友，就是那个歌手，也是我的同学。
22.【精析】选[A]。a master’s degree意为“硕士学位”，是固定搭配。’s属格不能用of属格替代。
【句意】学习五年之后，他被授予了硕士学位。
23.【精析】选[A]。the poor指的是“穷人”。类似的由定冠词加分词或形容词来表示一类人的例子还有the rich（富人），the wounded（伤员），the aged（上了年纪的人），the young（年轻人），the disadvantaged（处于劣势的人）等。此类情况下必须使用of属格。
【句意】我们希望我们的政府可以对穷人的生活给予更多关注。
24.【精析】选[A]。在这种表达说话人感情色彩的情况下，使用双重属格强调了赞赏之意。
【句意】那位老教授鼓舞人心的发言在学生中引起了轰动。
25.【精析】选[B]。结合题目来看，portrait应为Tony Blair的收藏之物，而非他本人的照片，应用双重属格来表示。a portrait of Mr. Tony Blair指他本人的照片，不符合题意。
【句意】这是托尼·布莱尔收藏的一幅画像，是他祖父很多年前买的。
26.【精析】选[C]。leg muscle意为“腿部肌肉”，leg用以修饰、限定muscle。
【句意】我昨天走的路太多了，以至于现在我的腿部肌肉仍然很酸痛。
27.【精析】选[B]。three-hour为复合形容词，相当于“of three hours”，意为“长达三小时的”。注意：构词部分之间有连字符时，复合形容词中的名词应用单数。
【句意】尽管有很完美的表演和不错的剧情，但这部长达三个小时的电影还是吸引不了我们。
28.【精析】选[D]。thousand与具体数字连用时，不用复数形式。three thousand直接修饰workers，无须加“of”。
【句意】这家工厂里有三千名工人。
29.【精析】选[C]。millions of意为“数百万计的”。a few million不与of连用，所以[B]项不对，[A]项“a million”后不应加of。
【句意】这个世界上有数百万种物质。
30.【精析】选[C]。从身份“first-year student（一年级新生）”能推出行为transition into college life（过渡到大学生活）。强干扰项transformation强调改变和转化的彻底性，与题意不符。
【句意】这个学院有一套行之有效的制度，可以用来帮助一年级新生成功过渡到大学生活。